2013年名词性从句十三大高考热点分析(共25页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 2013年名词性从句十三大高考热点分析 【考纲解读】 前几年高考主要考查宾语从句中用陈述语序以及连接词的选择等问题；近几年对名词性从句的考查趋于复杂灵活，往往把它与定语从句和状语从句的知识点放在一起考查，对名词性从句的考查主要有语序问题、时态的呼应问题和连接词的选择。有时候，会结合插入语或名词与同位语隔开，或使句子结构复杂化等使得难度增加。2011年全国卷及地方卷对名词性从句的考查占了较大比例，有18道考查到该部分，2012年考查的比例更大，有20道题考查了名词性从句的用法，可见对名词性从句的重视程度。在单项选择题中，近几年题干语境越来越丰富，句子结构也越来越复杂，其中名词性从句所引起的句子结构的复杂化占了较大比例，命题人侧重于对复杂句子结构的考查，是因为能否分析复杂句子结构是掌握英语语言的重要能力之一，所以在今年的高考题对名词性从句的考查还会倍加青睐。 从考生的角度来说，如果考生对句子结构掌握不过硬，对某些词或词组的用法不了解，就会容易造成和定语从句、状语从句的混淆，造成根本环节的误判而用其他从句的规则去解题。造成丢分。备考复习的过程中应该：1从结构和句意两方面分析定语从句和名词性从句，尤其是定语从句和同位语从句的区别。2从结构入手，分析名词性从句和状语从句之间的关系及区别。3加强名词性从句引导词各自意义，用法，特点的辨析。4加强长、难句的分析和理解练习【考点一：语序问题】名词性从句的语序问题一直断断续续地在各地高考题目中出现，由此可见其重要性。其实说来非常简单易记：永远陈述语气。即名词性从句中不会出现助动词提前的现象。如：1.Who he is doesnt matter much.2.When and where we shall have the sports meeting is a question.3.I dont know what his name is.4.I dont know what is wrong with him. = I dont know what is the matter with him.5.You cant imagine how excited I was at that time.6.Can you tell me what size shoes you wear? Eg:1.No one can be sure _ in a million years. （MET1991） A. what will man look likeB. what man will look likeC. man will look like whatD. what look will man like答案：B。这个题就是典型的考查宾语从句的语序问题。根据以上所述，应该是陈述语序。所以A、C两个选项就不可能了。而D选项明显不符合我们的语言习惯。Eg:2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited      B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they      D. they were how excited解析：答案是B。同时还须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于句首，而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分裂开。Eg:3. “Is Mary from New York City” “I don't know _.”A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from【考点二：that和what的区别问题】能引导名词性从句的关系代词有who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever八个。为何单独讲what的用法呢？重要！在考试中出现的频率高！在定语从句中，我们提到过，what是不能引导定语从句的。定语从句中如果缺少的成分是主语、宾语、表语，我们选择的是关系代词that或其他。现在山头换了，到了名词性从句的知识范围了。What在名词性从句中就很有用武之地了。还是分析成分，what 在从句中作的主语、宾语、表语。而that只是一个“连接词”，既不作什么成分，也没有什么意义。如: 1.What you did doesnt agree with what you promised. 2.What he couldnt understand was why his teacher was never satisfied with him. 3.The matter of salary is what I care most if I decide to change my profession. 4.What we cant get always seems better than what we have already got. 5.I think that your composition is no better than his. 6.That you dont love her is not my business. Eg:1._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What; what    B. what; that    C. That; that    D. That; what解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。Eg:2. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact【考点三：that和whether的区别问题】有时候，它们两个比较难以区别，因为，它们都是连接词，都在从句中不作成分。但是，它们之间最大的区别在于“意义”。即that在从句中既不作成分，也没有自己的意义；而whether就不同了。它虽然不在从句中作什么成分，但是它又意义，即“是否”。这就能够左右从句的意思，使从句所表达的意思变成一个还没有确定的因素。如：1.I dont know whether he can join us or not. 2.Im sure that he can join us. 3.It is none of your business whether I love her. 4.It is none of your business that I dont love her. 综上所述，区分that还是whether，重要一点就是看主句需要从句表达一个什么意思，是确定的，还是不确定的；是事实还是疑问。前者选that，后者选whether。如：Eg:1.I have no doubt _ Mr. Johnson will make it here on time. A. that B. whether C. why D. when 答案：。这个题之所以选择that，就是因为前面的I have no doubt（毫无疑问），这样的主句已经不再需要从句表达什么“是否”了。Eg:2.No one can be sure _ the board will accept our conditions. A. that B. whether C. why D. what 答案：。这个题中的No one can be sure（没有人能肯定）就要求从句表达一个“董事会能否接受我们的条件”的意思，而不能是一个既定的事实。【考点四：if和whether的区别问题】二者在引导宾语从句时都有“是否”之意。但并不是永远可以互换。一般认为，二者可以互换的环境也只有在宾语从句中。1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如： 例8 I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 2、 在whether or not 的固定搭配中。如： 例9 I want to know whether its good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。 3 、在介词后，只能用whether。如： 例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。如： Whether this is true or not, I really dont know. 这是否真的，我真的不知道。（例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。此例为主语从句，有误，感谢指出） 5、用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如： 例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义. 二者在引导宾语从句时都有“是否”之意。但并不是永远可以互换。一般认为，二者可以互换的环境也只有在宾语从句中如：He didnt give us explicit reply whether/if he will attend our wedding ceremony. 1. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. （1996） A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where答案：。这是主语从句。 2. The question of _ they are old or young is not important. A. whichB. whetherC. howD. if答案：。这是介词of的宾语从句。 3. The question is _ the film is worth seeing. A. ifB. whatC. whetherD. how答案：。这是表语从句。 4. He doesnt know _ to stay or not. A. ifB. whenC. whetherD. how答案：。这里是和不定式搭配。 5. The news _ our team has won the match is unknown. A. whichB. ifC. whetherD. then答案：。这是同位语从句，解释说明news。6._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A. Whenever    B. If     C. Whether     D. That解析：试题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句，所以答案是C。但是在宾语从句中表达“是否”既可用if也可用whether。值得注意的是：有些资料依然强调if不能与or not搭配的问题。过去有过这样的规定，只是在现代英语中，已经不再强调了而已。现在认为if or not也可以接受。【考点五：wh-词和wh-ever的区别问题】一般认为，wh-词在引导从句时，依然保留了很大部分的疑问词的本色，所以，它们引导的从句在意思上应该表达的是一个“问题”，如：“谁？什么？何时？何地？为何？怎么？”等。而wh-ever已经没有这层色彩，不再关心这样的“问题”，而是充满了让步的意味，多有“无论”之意。what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”如：1.The police wanted to know who will benefit most from the old mans death. 警方想知道谁将从老人的去世中受益最多。2.Whoever will benefit from the old mans death will be questioned by the police. 能从老人的去世之中受益的所有人都将受到警方的盘问。3.Who will be sent to help the people in the flooded areas hasnt been announced. 谁将被派往洪灾区去救援还没有宣布。4.Whoever will be sent to work in the flooded areas will spare no effort to help the people in need. 不管是谁被派往灾区救援都会全力以赴地帮助灾民。Eg.1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however    B. whatever     C. whichever    D. whenever解析：答案是B，whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。又如：Eg.2._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who    B. The one    C. Anyone    D. Whoever解析：答案是D，whoever意为“无论谁”，表泛指。比较下例：I cant remember at the moment who has said the words. （这里的who表特定的某人）【考点六：no matter wh-和wh-ever的区别问题】二者都有“无论”之意。在引导让步状语从句时确实可以互换，没有什么区别。但是，no matter wh-只能引导状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。Wh-ever则二者兼收，来去自由。由此包含与被包含的关系决定，二者同时出现而必选其一时，答案肯定是wh-ever。如：1.Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. (主语从句)2.Whoever/ No matter who breaks the rules, he/she will be punished. (状语从句)3.Dont believe whatever he tells you. (宾语从句)4.Dont believe him, whatever/ no matter what he tells you. (状语从句)1. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. No matter what B. No matter whichC. Whatever D. Whichever2. _we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.A.Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whichever3. Doctor Godwin says that_ forceful arguments against cigarettes there are, many people insist on smoking.A. though B. however C. no matter what D. even if5._ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is he B. However he is lateC. However is he late D. However late he is6. -Could you do me a favor?-It depends on_it is.which B. whichever C. what D. whatever7. The old tower must be saved, _the cost.however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever8. Sarah hopes to become a friend of_shares her interests.A.anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who9. You can eat food free in my restaurant_you like. A.whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however10._ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.A. How B. Whatever C. However D. WhatDCC DCB CAC【考点七：名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题】先看宾语从句的虚拟语气。一般说来，如果从句作的是表示说话人某种观点、态度或要求等语气的动词的宾语时，从句中要求用should动词原形的虚拟语气（should经常可以省略）。这些动词常见的有：desire, demand, require, request, order, propose, command, advise, suggest等。如：例：1.He insisted that she （should）spend more time studying. 2.He demanded that we （should）be on time.3.The boss required that all waiters (should) keep standing all day long. 4. The publishing house suggested that I (should) type my book out. 有两个特例是高中老师不愿意错过的。那就是suggest和insist。它们俩后面的宾语从句是否用虚拟语气还要看具体语境来定。如：1.The doctor suggested that I had a cold。(这个suggest的意思是“解释，说明”。后面不用虚拟语气) 2. The big smiles on her face suggested that she had passed the test. (这个suggest的意思是“表明”。后面不用虚拟语气)3.The doctor suggested that I (should) stay in bed for a few day. (这个suggest的意思是“建议”。后面用虚拟语气) 4The young man insisted that he was well enough to serve in the army. (这个insist坚持的是一个事实不是一种观点。后面不用虚拟语气)5.That young man insisted that he should be sent to the front. (这个insist坚持的是一种观点，即“他应该被派往前线”。后面用虚拟语气)以上是宾语从句中的虚拟语气现象。如果是其他三种名词性从句，只要和上述动词有关，也享受同样的待遇。如：1. The headquarters suggestion is that we (should) wait for another few days. (表语从句)2. His order that all the soldiers (should) swim across the river was refused. (同位语从句)3. It is strongly recommended that you (should) take a taxi. (主语从句)另外，在下面这几个特殊的句型中，后面的主语从句也用虚拟语气。a. It is important/ necessary/ natural/ a wonder/ essential（必要的）/suggested thatshould do 如：It is important that you （should）be on time. It is necessary that you (should) exercise regularly. b. I wish that did. 如：I wish I were a bird. I wish one day I could live on the moon. c. Id rather that did 如：Id rather you did it yourself. Id rather I hadnt lent you that bicycle yesterday. 【考点八：宾语从句的反意疑问句的问题】众所周知，反意疑问句是由句子的谓语和主语的代词形式共同构成。如：He is ignorant, isnt he? He isnt strong, is he? 但是，如果前面的句子中含有宾语从句，怎么办？答案是一定针对主句的主语、谓语。如：You know he is ignorant, dont you? I told you he isnt strong, didnt I? 有一种例外，当主句的主语是I,且谓语动词是表示观点的动词如think, believe, suppose, expect, am afraid等时，就只能针对从句反问了。因为没有人会对自己的观点吗上进行反诘。如：I think he is ignorant, isnt he? I believe he isnt strong, is he? 【考点九：it在名词性从句中的作用问题】 代词it的用法有很多。但近几年的高考关注的却比较集中，即it作为普通回指代词的用法和在名词性从句中作形式宾语和形式主语的用法。如： 作形式主语：1.It worried me a bit that he didnt phone.2.It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.3.It doesnt matter when you arrive- just come when you can.4.It wasnt clear to anyone why he didnt come.5.It was surprising how many unhappy marriages there are. 作形式宾语：1.I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.2.I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.3.I think it important that we should keep calm.4.Dont take it for granted that your parents should do everything for you.5.He doesnt want it to be known that hes going away.6.You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.【考点十：主语从句和强调句型的混淆问题】 从表面上看，it作形式主语的主语从句有时候和强调句型有些相似。如： 1. It is impossible that we can persuade him to join us. (主语从句) 1. It is with Toms help that we were able to persuade him to join us. (强调句型) 其实，强调句型其实很简单，即在It is/was 与that之间放上我们想要强调的某个句子成分。大部分考题都是考查that的选择问题。即考查考生判断某句是否是强调句型的问题。这个看似容易的问题在出题人的多种变化之下有时也会变得很令人头疼。下面是几种常见的出题形式： 1基本式：It was on the top of the mountain that we met the foreign tourist. 2. 一般疑问句式：Was it on the top of the mountain that you met the foreign tourist? 3. 特殊疑问句式：Where was it that you met the foreign tourist? 4复合句式：Can you tell me where it was that you met the foreign tourist? 5套定语从句式：It was in the house which was built by his father that he was born. 6. 套定语从句加省略式：- Where did you meet the foreign tourist? - It was in the hotel where we lived (that we met the foreign tourist). 判断一个句子是否是强调句型是个关键。这里重要思路是当去掉强调句型、各个成分各归其位以后，该句子是否还成立。下面几个例子就不是强调句型：It was not yet seven oclock when he came back last night. 因为，*He came back last night not yet seven oclock.就不是个正确的句子。- I heard that Tom was once almost drowned. When was that? - It was in 2000 when he was swimming in a pool. 同理，*He was swimming in a pool in 2000. 从逻辑上看也不成立。因为，我们不可能一整年都在游泳。考点十一：“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如：It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who    B. whoever     C. whom     D. whomever解析：答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who（作宾语时自然要用whom）。比较下例：Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；引导定语从句的是“most of+关系代词”而不只是这个关系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词of的宾语，所以要用宾格whom。（注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别。）【考例】1.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.( 2006重庆)Awhy      Bwhat      Cwho      Dthat2.You can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.（2007安徽）     A. that              B. what              C. which              D. 不填3. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （2006辽宁）A. if B. where C. whether D. that解析】以上考例均考查的是名词性从句中“介词+宾语从句”的用法，考例1中，why=the reason why，on是介词表示"关于"，此句意为:marry写了一篇有关为什么这支队伍内能赢这场比赛的文章，故选A；考例2中be sure of后应紧跟“事情”，及确定介词of后接的是名词性从句，what=the things that,可转换成be sure of the things that you have at present.此句译为：你只能确定目前多拥有的事物，却不能确定将来会得到的事物；考例3“the question of”指“.的问题”，of 后接的是问题的具体内容，此句译为：我们尚未解决他是否有必要出国学习的问题。【透视】一般情况系介词后只能用wh- 类连接词引导的宾语从句，如：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.考点十二：同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较：Then arose the question _ we were to get so much money.This the house _ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.A. where    B. that    C. about which    D. in which解析：答案分别是(1) A (2) A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时，是定语从句，（2）中的house与where同表地点，且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替，所以答案A 和D都可以引导。（1）题中的question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。考点十二：Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。例如： I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why     B. when     C. that     D. where解析：答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。又如（MET94）；Do you remember _ he came?Yes, I do, he came by car.A. How     B. when     C. that     D. if解析：答案是A，从答语 “he came by car”可知这里问的是“he”来的方式，所以用how引导。高考英语易错题总结归纳名词性从句典型陷阱题分析    1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant.    A. that                     B. what    C. that that                D. what what    【陷阱】可能误选B.许多