小升初英语讲义(共54页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语2016 小升初陕西名校模拟分类集训考点汇总难点解析 前言 分类汇编·小学英语是为小学六年级的学生应对小升初升学考试专门试剂的专项课程，编写本课程的主要目的是引导学生对各知识点进行梳理规整，帮助学生清理考点，掌握灵活运用知识的方法和技巧；通过归纳总结，培养学生归纳知识的能力，提高解决问题能力，提升学生的学科能力；让学生体验真题，提高学习兴趣，学习解题技巧，为小升初考出满意成绩树立信心。第一，本课程遵循英语学习的规律及小升初英语科目的命题特点，大量参考了三年来小升初学科的考点特点及核心考点，又参考了一系列小学辅导书及相关资料设计编写而成；第二，将各校的试题在解题和答题思路上给学生以指引，让学生明确小升初英语学科的考点要求、去年的命题特点及针对性地解题方法、思路，让学生直接对接考试，少走弯路。第三，教材在编写过程中还大量融入了各个重点中学历年的考试真题。对学生应对小升初测试有切实指导和很强的参考价值。我们将本课程分为十个模块，进行全方位的仿真训练，旨在梳理小升初的知识考点，对其进行巩固和强化，体现针对性和实效性。由于时间仓促，编写过程难免有不足之处，恳请广大使用者批评指正，并将您的宝贵建议和意见及时反馈给我们，谢谢！ Contents （目录） Unit 1 名词及其用法 Unit2 冠词及其用法 Unit 3 代词及其用法 Unit 4 感叹句和祈使句 Unit 5 There be 句型 Unit 6 一般现在时 Unit 7 一般过去时 Unit 8 一般将来时 Unit 9 现在进行时 Unit 10 小升初模拟测试 Unit 1名词及其用法 一名 词的定义 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。 二名 词的分类 1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词 如：John is a student. student是普通名词，John是专有名词 普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。 2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。 3. 专有名词 专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的 三名词的数1可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。2关于可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：book books room roomshouse houses day days2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：bus buses glass glasseswatch watchesdish dishes box boxes3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：city cities body bodiesfactory factories等等。4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leavesknife knives wife wives5. 特例 悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。 child children man men woman womenpoliceman policemen(规律：man men) tomato tomatoespotato potatoes悄悄话： 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo photos foot feet tooth teeth悄悄话： oo变成ee。 sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。 people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。3关于不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：water (水) waters (水域)     orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子)3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如：fruit fruits food foods    fish fishes hair hairs4名词可数不可数“六注意”1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如：desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some bread， a little milk等。2、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)，表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。如：He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示"一些，许多"。如：There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。5、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如：This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如：How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果？How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？注意：对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many。 如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包？练习一、用括号内词的适当形式填空：1. There are two_ over there. （watch）2. I like taking _. （photo）3. l can see a _and two _ standing there. （man，woman）4. There are two baskets of_ on the floor. （apple）5. You often make a lot of_ in spelling. （mistake）6. Look at those_. （child）7. This is a_. Those are three_. （knife）8. He doesn't like these_. （glass）9. How many _can you see？（radio）10. Thirty _live in this building. （family）11. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?12. There is some_(food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.14. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.15. There are five_(people ) in his family.二、选择( ) 1.The deer has four _.A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots( ) 2.Her two brothers are both _.A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens( ) 3.There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans( ) 4.Two _ would come to the village.A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors( ) 5.Can you see nine _ in the picture A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse( ) 6.The _ has two _.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch( ) 7.The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths( ) 8.The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. woman B. women C. man D. men( ) 9.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table.A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss( ) 10. The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. micesStep 5、名词的所有格名词所有格用法口诀英语名词所有格，表示物品所有权。名词后加 's，这种情况最常见。两者共有添最后，各有各添记心间。复数名词有s, 后面只把 '来添。  名词若为无生命，我们常把of用。  A of B是B的A，体现英汉序不同。用所给词的适当形式填空：1.March 8th is _Day. (woman).2.Taking twenty _(分钟) exercise every day is good for your health.3.The shop sells _(妇女) handbags.4.Teachers in western countries have a _(三个月的) holiday in a year.5.Ill give my English teacher a card for _Day. (teacher)6.Its only ten _walk from the station to the hotel. (minute)7.Its an _(hour) ride from here to the museum.Unit2 冠词及其用法 一冠词分为不定冠词：a,an和定冠词theA little boy wrote_ ”u” and _ “n” on the wall. A. a,a B. an,an C. a, an D an,a_ English name _ black pen _ old hotel _ big apple_ telephone _ desk _ old box _ hour二不定冠词的用法：1表示一类或一类中的一个，用来概括人或事物的整体。He is a policeman.A tiger is an animal.2介绍第一次提到的某人或某样东西Look, there is a new bag on the chair.A man is standing under the tree.3表示数量“一”，但语气没有one强烈。I have an egg and a pear.I only have one yuan.Doctor Green is an English doctor.4 相当于“每一”的意思。They have five Chinese classes in a week.5一些固定用法中，不定冠词必不可少Have a good timeHave a lookPlay a gameA piece ofA pair of三定冠词the的用法1来表示特指的人或物。The white cat is very beautiful.The tall man is in a black hat.2表示前面谈到过的人或事物。That is a Chinese man. The man looks young.My mom made a dish. The dish is yummy.3双方都知道的人或事物。Look at the picture,please.Close the window, please.4 世界上独一无二的事物前用the.The earth the moon The sun the skyThe east the west The north the south5专有名词前（江河湖海、地方等）the Great Wall the United Statesthe Yellow River the Tianshan Mountain6乐器前要加the.Play the vilionPlay the pianoPlay the accordion7在序数词前要加the.the 1st of Class Fourthe third boy8形容词最高级前加the.The tallest boyThe most beautiful girlThe best movie9和姓氏的复数连用时表示全家人。The Browns are very happy.10一些固定搭配中要用the.In the tree on the treeIn the morning in the afternoonGo to the cinema go to the zooIn the hat look the same不能使用冠词的情况一. 复数名词或不可数名词前，且不特指时不用冠词。二.名词前有限定词(my your some any this that)时不用冠词。三. 表示三餐前不加冠词。四. 表示称呼前不加冠词。 Mr.Green五. 体育运动、棋类前不加冠词。六. 表示节日、星期、月份、季节的词前不加冠词。七. 一些固定搭配中不用冠词。at school at home go to class go to bed stay in bed在一些短语中，有没有定冠词在意义上有很大差别：go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 到床边去in front of 在前面（外部） in the front of在前面（内部）in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里1. There are sixty minutes in _ hour.A.an B.the C.a D./2. Which is bigger,_ elephant or _ horse?A.a,the B.an,a C. the,a D.an,the3._ monkey can climb _ trees.A./,the B.A,/ C.The,a D. /,/4.After _ quick breakfast,I hurried to _ school.A./,/ B. the. The C. the,/ D. a,/（ ）1. There is _ apple on the desk.A. a B .the C. an D./（ ）2. The girl under _ tree is my sister. A. a B .theC .an D./（ ）3.Mary is from _ USA. A. a B. the C. an D./（ ）4.Mr Black will go back to England_.a .by air b .by a plane c. by trains d. at a train（ ）5.Yesterday i went to work on foot. a. /， / b ./， thec .the， / d. the， the（ ）6.There is “h” in the word “hour”， but “h”doesnt make a sound. a. a， a b. a， thec. the， ，an d .an. the（ ）7.Im going to see my mother. she is ill _.a. in hospital b. in the hospitalc. in a hospitald. at a hospital（ ）8. We have three meals day. We have breakfast at 6：30 in morning every day.a. the， the b. the， /c. a， / d .a， the（ ）9.Tina，could you please play piano for me while Im singing？with pleasure.a .a b. an c. the d. /（ ）10. I want to try again. please give me third chance again. a .a b. the c. an d. /（ ）11. whats the matter with you？ I caught_bad cold and had to stay in_ bed. a. a; / b. a; thec. a; a d. the; the（ ）12._ sun is shining brightly. a. A b. Anc. The d. /练习：在下列名词前填入a或an.1 month 2 clinic 3 apple 4 carnation 5 knife 6 fridge 7 hospital 8 photo在下列词组前，填入a、an、或the.9 piece of paper 10 Great Wall11eat pineapple 12 old friend of my fatherss13on right 14 nice holiday 15 letter 16in year 按要求填入the，不需要的填写“/”.17.Beijing is capital of China.18 . boys often play table tennis after school .They seldom play 19. She cant go to school today. She stays in bed.20.February is 2nd month in a year.21. I usually have bread for lunch. 用a、an或the 填空.22 There is egg in box. egg is small.23Look，thats old monkey.24Mary has uniform .Its orange uniform.25What s in bag ？ There is eraser.Its small one.26Shanghai is in east of China.选择正确的答案，并把编号填入括号内。（）27There is apple on the desk. A . a B./ C.an（）28 Tine ，could you please play piano for me while Im singing？ With pleasure. A . a B./ C.the（）29 sun is shining brightly.A . / B. A C.The（）30 The girl under tree is my sister.A . a B. the C./（）31 Whats that ？ Its interesting book. A . an B./ C.a（）32 Tom is under the tree.He is beside tony.A . the，/ B./ ，the C.the，the（）33Mary has fish .Its smallA . a ，a B./ ，/ C.a，/（）34 Is Mr .Black teacher of park school？Yes，he is . teacher is my friend.A . a，The B.the，The C.a，A（）35 Where is the Bund？ Its near Huangpu River.A . the，the B./，/ C.a，a（）36 There are sixty minutes in hour.A . a B.an C./ 阅读短文，用适当的冠词填空，如不需要，用“/”表示。Im HongWei . Im in37 Class 1，Grade5. Can you see 38 Photo on 39 wall？Its 40 old photo of my family.Whos 41 old man？Hes my grandfather. 42 man in 43 blue is my uncle . 44 woman in 45 brown dress is my aunt.My father is behind 46 my mother.He is in 47 black coat. He is in 48 No.1 Middle school.Look， 49 dog beside 50 boy is my friend.Its name is Bobby.All 51 people in 52 photo are very happy. Unit 3 代词及其用法 一常用的代词1、常用的代词记忆表代词主格宾格所有格名词性反身代词第1人称Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第2人称youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第3人称hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves2、代词的分类人称代词 I/me, you/your she/her (主/宾格)物主代词 my , your, hers (形容词性/名词性)反身代词 myself, yourselves不定代词 one, each, another, neither指示代词 this, that, those, these疑问代词 who whom whose what which3、人称代词数单数复数格主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemshehertheythemitittheythem1）在句子中作主语，用主格。如：I am a teacher. Are you OK? She is a good student.2) 在动词和介词后作宾语，用宾格。如：Please give me a pen. His mother is waiting for him outside.3）几个人称代词并列作主语时，它们的顺序是：单数形式：（第二人称、第一人称、第三人称）you ,he/she, me复数形式：（第一人称、第二人称、第三人称）we, you, they4、物主代词人称形容词性名词性单复数单数复数单数复数第一人称my ourmine ours第二人称youryouryoursyours第三人称His/her/itstheirHis/hers/itstheirs1)形容词性物主代词用在名词前，不能单独使用。This is my bag.His parents are both doctors.2)名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，使用时后面不再加名词。形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词如：This is his bike. That bike is his. 5、指示代词1）近指this（这个），these（这些）远指that（那个）, those（那些）2）指示代词在句子中作主语、定语、表语和宾语成分This is her book. (作主语)What is the use of those books? (作定语)I want is that? (作表语)She likes painting, but I dont like that. (作宾语)3)用了一次指示代词，后面要用it和they 来代替。What are these? They are apple.5)this 可指下文要提到的事，that 可指前面刚刚提到过的事。Please remember this: No pains, no gains.He was ill. That was why he didnt go to school.6)打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。This is Mary speaking. Whos that? 6、代词it 1）it 用作人称代词，指动物或者其他事物，有时指人，尤指婴儿，小孩。如：I have a ball-pen. Its very nice. Whos it? Its me.2）it 用作指示代词，表示“这”或“那”如：How far is it from here? Its about 1km away.7、疑问代词1)who （谁）whom（谁 宾格） whose （谁）who 在句中作主语、宾语和表语。whom 只能用作动词宾语或介词宾语。Who will go to the party?Who are you waiting for?2)whose 表示“谁的”，后面跟物品。Who