英语完形填空解题技巧点拨(共6页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第 2 讲 英语完形填空解题技巧点拨完形填空是一种综合题型，它测试了学生对空缺语篇的准确修补能力，考查了学生对词汇意思的辨析，对词法规则的灵活处理和运用能力，以及对生活常识和文化知识的掌握程度。 综观近年高考完形填空题，大部分都是记叙文或夹叙夹议的故事类文章。故事情节曲折、线索清晰、结构完整，并有一定的教育意义。1.利用逻辑关系解题尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。如：(1) 句中逻辑关系Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and_45_nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.45. A. mostly              B. partly              C. sometimes              D. rarely(2) 句间逻辑关系在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如：Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash（束缚）. _13_, she encourages them to get better ways to do business.13. A. Still              B. Yet              C. Instead              D. WhileThere is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, _1_ would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity.1. A. therefore              B. however                     C. moreover              D. otherwise(3) 段间逻辑关系这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如：. Not everyone sees that process（过程） in perspective(客观地). It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, _29_, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit （集成电路）during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.29. A. indeed              B. hence              C. however               D. therefore2.利用语法分析解题完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：A blind person wanted to buy scissors(剪刀). _51_do you suppose he asked for them?51. A. What  B. How  C. Who  D. Which_8_ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.8. A. Because   B. While  C. If   D. Since3.利用固定搭配解题完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如：They couldnt read or write. They didnt like to work and they never _12_ baths.12. A. took               B. washed               C. ran              D. coveredI did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said, “Youre never going to be _2_ but a failure.”2. A. anything              B. something          C. everything              D. nothing4.利用固定句型解题完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如：I havent had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and its several days _19_ I used a phone box.19. A. as              B. when              C. if              D. sinceIt wasnt long _18_the police caught the thief.18. A. after              B. when              C. before              D. until“Why _14_ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who is drunk.”14. A. dont              B. couldnt               C. cant              D. do5.利用复现信息解题语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：First of all, I respected his _3_ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom.3. A. attention              B. introduction              C. relation              D. devotionI put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _44_, dressed neatly. A. roommate              B. classmate               C. neighbor               D. companion 6.利用跳读法解题一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。 对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如：“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He_1_ up and looked around. A short distance away, a group of_2_ stood quietly watching us. One of them _3_ walking toward us. We both jumped to our _4_ not knowing what to expect.1. A. sat              B. stayed              C. thought              D. put2. A. pilots              B. natives              C. editors              D. assistants3. A. avoided              B. delayed              C. began              D. desired4. A. boat              B. car              C. horses              D. feet7.巧用排除法解题在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。如：The woman looked carefully at me _5_ through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low voice.5. A. as usual              B. for a while              C. in a minute              D. once againHe put the books into the return box. And after a brief _6_ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric.6. A. rest              B. break              C. walk              D. stopWhen I started playing _19_ him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous.19. A. at              B. by                            C. for                            D. around8.跳读首尾句进行预测一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。如：Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。9.巧用背景常识解题解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知识范围越广，则对文章的理解会更容易，整体上知道所选短文在说什么，那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。因此解答完形填空题时，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。如：After _2_ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.2. A. growing              B. putting              C. planting              D. layingSalina Joe began to _2_ when she was one-year old.2. A. say              B. cry              C. sing              D. talkEvery morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to _30_A. check              B.read              C. keep              D.signOwning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the _37_ areas like the desert.37. A. dry              B. distant              C. deserted              D. wild10.利用对比结构解题对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如：A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and_59_room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 59. A. furnished              B. expensive              C. comfortable              D. suitableIf he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather, _15_ he did, he would ask about their families or make jokes, always cutting his cloth according to his customers.15. A. and then              B. and so              C. even if              D. but if。11.利用平行结构解题平行结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。高考完形填空短文常常会出现这样一些平行结构，掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高我们的解题效率。如：Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is_51_for children to work at home in their free time. _52_, they argue that most teachers do not_53_ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.51. A. unnecessary               B. uninteresting          C. unfortunate             D. unimportant52. A. Nevertheless              B. however              C. Therefore               D. Moreover53. A. considerably              B. favorably              C. properly              D. pleasantlyCompanies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them _42_ and active.42. A. alive              B. vivid              C. mobile              D. diverse12.利用暗示和对应解题完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。如：.he would join student groups to discuss a variety of _47_: agriculture, diving and mathematics.47. A. questions              B. subjects              C. matters              D. contentsEverybody moved quickly in order to _6_ the seats they wanted. I was _7_ to get a seat near the tail, but6. A. fetch              B. hold              C. keep              D. get13.根据文章的感情色彩解题考生在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如：When Ed first phoned and _37_(suggested) we play, I 1aughed quietly, figuring on an _38_(easy) victory. After all, Eds idea of _ 39_ (exercise) has always been nothing more _40_(effort-making) than lifting a fork to his mouth. _41_(As long as) I can remember, Eds been the least physically fit member in the family, and _42_(strangely) proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. 读这一部分，我们明显看到作者是看不起Ed的，用词有laughed, victory, nothing more than, least fit, strangely, big stomach等。在这样的描述下，人们就会很容易地想到， “我”与Ed比赛，那简直易如反掌(an easy victory)，在“我”眼中他那么差，然而他却以自己为自豪，我们怎么会觉得不奇怪(strangely)呢？因此从对人物反面的描述，我们得出这些答案就不难了。I was so surprised that I was _47_(speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. _48_(As a result), at the point in our game when Id have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was _49_(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was _ 50_  (leading).surprised 一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort，get into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。14.综合利用各种线索解题完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文，弄清句子与句子之间的关系，准确理解全文。为了答好题，考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索，并根据有关的线索进行猜测，做出合理的判断。如：And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine oclock three days from that day Since he was _44_ in three days, Andy didnt lose anytime.44. A. moving              B. returning                C. staying              D. leavingMany experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their _12_. A. exercises                B. defects                C. mistakes               D. tests 专心-专注-专业