英语五种基本句子结构-及相关练习(共4页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语的基本句成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有（ ）和（ ）；次要成分有 （ ）、（ ）、（ ）、（ ）、（ ）和（ ）。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述_，一般位于_。但在_结构、_（当主语不疑问词时）和_中，_位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由_、_、_、_、_、_和_等表示。例如：写出什么词当主语During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（ ） We often speak English in class.（ ） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（ ） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（ ） Smoking does harm to the health.（ ） The rich should help the poor.（ ） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（ ） It is necessary to master a foreign language( )（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的_。_在句中作谓语，一般放在_之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如_ _, _,_， 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（ ） Is it yours?（ ） The weather has turned cold.（ ） The speech is exciting.（ ）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位_和_后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（ ） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（ ） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（ ） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（ ） He pretended not to see me.（ ） I enjoy listening to popular music.（ ） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（ ）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（ ） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（ ） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（ ） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（ ） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（ ） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（ ） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（ ）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词）状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（ ） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（ ） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（ ） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（ ） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（ ）Once you begin, you must continue.（ ）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（ In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（ ） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（ ） She works very hard though she is old.（ ） I am taller than he is.（ ） 英语句子结构英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：1_ 在此句式中，V是_动词(vi)。例如：2._ 在此句式中，V是_ (link v)，常见有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。3. _ 在此句式中，V是_(vt)，因此有_。4_ 在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：Give 类： _buy类：_5. 5S十V十O十C句式在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多能带宾语补足语的动词一定是及物动词。有以下几类：1.  含命名意义的动词，如：call, name, elect, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel +宾语+n这类结构和双宾语的结构有形似之处，要注意区别。如：They have made me chairman. (宾补)They have made me a nice chair. (直接宾语) 【注意】用作宾语补足语的名词表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称谓时，其前不 能用冠词。常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：2.接形容词：+adj believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, like, wish, see, consider, prove, have, leave, 以及paint, drive, turn, cut 等。You should keep your room clean and tidy. 3、只能用现在分词doing作宾语补足语的动词有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop, smell, excuse 等。例如： She caught her son smoking  4.、只能用 to do 作宾语补足语的动词有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for / think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。5. 、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。6、在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe 等动词后的不定式需省去 to 。Help 可有可无to 7、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider +adj/n +to do /从句、doing等。8介词短语，副词等也可作宾补9 过去分词用作宾补一、在表状态的动词keep, leave等的后面。eg: They kept the door locked for a long time. 二过分词用在get, have, make 的后面。1. 注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：）表"让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做"eg: I have had my bike repaired. 三、过去分词用在感观动词watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find等后面。如When we got to school, we saw the door locked. We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops四、过去分词用在want, wish, like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment. I would like my house painted white. 练习一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.专心-专注-专业