2020专升本核心词汇(共19页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专升本核心词汇Lesson 1 英语词汇的基本构成 音节 make 单音节 ugly 双音节 beautiful 多音节1. 象形 M- 山 mountain - man - male - match- watch -major H - 高 high - happy - hail 欢呼 - height - hill- head - hat W- 水 water - wave - wine- well 井- woman-wife-widow寡妇-weep眼泪-wage - 薪水L- 长 long - lace necklace 项链 - leg - line - log 原木,日志整个单词的象形: eye - see - peep 偷窥 旦2. 拟声1>模仿大自然的,人的或动物的声音自然界的声音:wheel车轮 /whirl急转,旋转/ click 点击鼠标的声音模仿动物的声音:cock鸡叫,公鸡 hen 母鸡,her 、wolf狼 mammal 哺乳动物 mum 妈妈模仿人类的声音:thrill毛骨悚然,兴奋/chill N寒冷 adj chilly /giggle 咯咯的笑 /gay高兴的- 同性恋 / sip 吸/ soup 汤/ supper 晚饭 dinner 正餐2> 外来语的音译: sofa 沙发/ coffee 咖啡/ cheese芝士、起司/ chocolate巧克力/ salad 沙拉/ calorie 卡路里 / 太极 Taiji shadow boxing /豆腐toufu3> 谐音联想 exhaust “一个早死的” - 筋疲力尽 curse “克死”- 诅咒 reluctant = unwilling “驴拉个坦克”- 不情愿的3. 合成1. > 直接合成 : sea-dog; hard - working; warm-hearted; outgoing外向的; easygoing 随和的; highlight 高光 - 强调,重点; smog = smoke + fog 烟雾 ; brunch = breakfast + lunch早午餐; ice- cream 冰激凌2. > 词根词缀:英语的前缀和词根相当于汉字的偏旁部首 从 - 休 人 淼 - 沐 水 Prometheus 普罗米修斯 先知 - pro-/pre-/pri- 在前面 Promote(move) 晋升,促销/ preface 前言 forehead 额头/ primary 首要的3. > 词性转换 后缀加后缀转换词形: act - actor- actress - action - active 爱动的,活跃的 - activate 激活 - activity 活动 - actual 事实上的- actually Wait - waiter - waitress Lesson 2英语中重要的后缀:1. 副词后缀 -ly:slight - slightly; happy- happily;careful - carefully;immediate - immediately make +ing =making 以-ly 结尾的单词绝大多数是副词,只有friendly, lonely, lovely, lively, deadly 致命的, likely,可能的 silly, early, daily, 等少数几个是形容词。2. 形容词后缀:通常是在名词词尾加上这些后缀-y: luck - lucky; health - healthy; keep sb healthy wealth - wealthy; - ful - full : color - colorful; wonder n奇迹 v 想知道- wonderful; fruit - fruitful; pain - painful -ous: fame n 名声 - famous; danger - dangerous; anxiety - anxious; vary v变化 - various 多样的 - variety n 多样性 -al: nature - natural ; nation - national; history - historical ; economy - economic al 经济实惠的-ive: act - active; sense - sensitive 敏感的; -able : accept - acceptable; rely - reliable sensible区分: respectable 值得尊重的 - respectful 对。充满敬意的 -less: 唯一一个否定后缀 hope - hopeless; price - priceless 无价的 value +able = valuable valueless 3. 名词后缀:-er/-or : 动作的发出者(不一定是人) cook - cooker厨具; employ - employer 雇主 ; sail - sailor -ee : 动作的承受者: examine - examinee 考生; examiner 考官; employee 雇员-ist : 专家 artist 艺术家; chemist 化学家; typist 打字员;capitalist 资本家-ion/-ation/-ment/-ness/-ure/ -ance/-ence/-ancy/-ency (抽象名词后缀):impress - impression; agree - agreement ; state - statement busy - business; fail - failure; press - pressure ; ill -illness; -ity/ -dom /-ship spaceship 宇宙飞船 (抽象名词后缀):real- reality; free - freedom; wise - wisdom; pure- purity, friend - friendship ; hard - hardship; -ant/-ent : adj 或.人: attendant 服务员,侍者; accountant 会计, important - importance, patient n 病人Adj 耐心的 - patience 4. 动词后缀:-en : en无论加在前面还是后面,都是把原来的单词变成相应的东西 short- shorten; long - length - lengthen; broad - broaden, light - lighten , large - enlarge 扩大-ify : class - classify 分类; clear - clarify - clarity; beautiful - beautify v 美化 Lesson 3 词根 动作,前缀 方向和强度 后缀 词性英语中重要的前缀:1. un-(not): un + adj “ 不.的”believe - unbelievable 难以置信的 ; able - unable 不能够的 ; un + 动词 = 反义词 fold 折叠 - unfold 展开 2. dis-(not):agree - disagree 不同意 ; advantage 优点 - disadvantage 缺点 dis approve ing 不支持的 Dislike 不喜欢 VS unlike 不像; disable 使。残疾 VS unable adj3. im/ir/il/ixx (not): impossible 不可能的 ;illegal 非法的 ;ir regular不规律的 ;4. non- : nonsense 胡扯八道 ;nonstop 不停的在阅读理解当中 非常重要5. re- (back 往回): return 回来; react 反应;reflect 反映response 回应 (again 再次):repeat 重复;recycle 回收;rebuild 重建;restore 恢复,还原 rewrite 重写6. co-/con-/com- (共同,一起): cooperate 合作 ;co-worker 工友,同事;7. sub-(下面,次级):subway 地铁 ;= underground subtitle 副标题subordinate 次级的8. super-(上面,超级):superhero superficial 表面的- 肤浅的 ;superior 高级的,be superior to 优于9. ex-(out): exit n. 出口;except 除了 VS expect 期望;ex clude (close)排除 include 包含 conclude 总结Cat mouse - mouth10. pre- (静态的 在前面): preface 前言; preview 预习;- review 复习predict 预言;foresee 预见 precious 珍贵的 11. Pro- 动态的 向前: promote 提拔,促销;progress 进步; process v 列队前进 n 过程12. Pri- 主要的:primary 主要的,初级的; prior 优先的,在前的;be prior to 先于. prime 最好/高级的13. Anti-(相反): arctic 北极Antarctic 南极 ;antivirus 反病毒;antivirus software 杀毒软件 antibody 抗体; ,第二部分 阅读理解中的高频词汇Lesson 4 (细节题题干)according to 根据 except 除了 expect 期望passage 文章paragraph 段落sentence 句子line 行,线条author 作者mention 提到,提及following 以下的,接下来的statement 陈述,表达underline 下划线true = correct = right 正确的reason = factor = cause 原因,理由翻译:1. which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 2. which of the following is the authors suggestion? 3. the last sentence of the first paragraph implies_. 4. which of the following statements is true except_.5. As is mentioned in the passage, the guide dogs will do the following except for _6. according to the last paragraph, the solution to the problem of post-80s couples is that_Lesson 5 (推理题题干)discuss v 讨论; discussion n 讨论mean v 意思是; meaning n 意思proper 合适的replace 替代tip = advice = suggestion 建议infer = imply 暗示 suggest 建议,暗示;conclude 总结,推论 - 推理题标志词learn 学习,了解lesson 课程,教训翻译:1. It can be inferred from the passage that _2. The passage implies/suggests that _3. It can be concluded from that last paragraph that _4. Which of the following might be discussed after the passage?5. The sentence “.” in paragraph x can be best replaced by _6. In this passage, the expression “ walk in the shoes of” is similar in meaning to _. Lesson 6 (标题题题干)major 主要的; 大部分的;n 专业; v 主修major point 要点majority 大多数; minority 少数; 少数民族title 标题 focus 聚焦,中心 = center purpose 目的 describe 描述topic 话题example 例子show 展示fact 事实; in fact = as a matter of fact 事实上(写作文的万能句)main 主要的; main idea 大意; mainly 主要地view = opinion 观点,看法翻译:1. The main idea/ major point discussed in the second paragraph is _2. The best title for the passage would be _3. The authors purpose in writing the passage is _4. What does the passage focus on?Lesson 7 (态度题)态度题题干: attitude/ tone / feeling 态度题选项:1. 客观类:objective 客观的; impartial 不偏袒的,公正的(这几个词出现往往是正确选项)2. 主观类:subjective 主观的,想当然的;indifferent 漠不关心的; partial ; puzzling 令人困惑的; uninterested 不感兴趣的 (这些通常为干扰项,可直接排除)3. 积极类:positive 积极的,正面的; encouraging = inspiring 鼓舞人心的; optimistic 乐观的;enthusiastic 热情的;pleasing 令人愉快的4. 消极类: negative 负面的; pessimistic 悲观的 5. 支持类:support 支持 = favor = in favor of = approve; defensive 自卫的,防御用的 Supportive = favorable = approving adj 支持的6. 反对类:disapprove v 反对; disapproving adj 反对的; critic 批评; disgusting 令人恶心的;doubtful = suspicious 怀疑的; oppose = object 反对; protest 抗议7. 中立类: neutral 中立的;(注意区分迷惑选项 natural 自然的)Ex: The authors attitude towards gift giving is _ (2014.70) 【不用看文章,直接选C】A. Indifferent B. protesting C. objective D. supportive Lesson 8 (社会生活类)advertise v 做广告; advertisement (缩写成ad或ads) n 广告;boarder 寄宿生 suicide 自杀; crime 犯罪; psychology 心理学;depression 抑郁;unemployment 失业Disaster 灾难; study = research 研究; survey 调查;critic 批评; traffic accident 交通事故Divorce n 离婚; marriage 婚姻; drug 毒品; alcohol 酒精; generation gap 代沟Sympathy 同情;charity 慈善; volunteer 志愿者; racial discrimination 种族歧视Illegal 非法的; tendency 趋势; grow-up 成年人; adventure 冒险;security 安全refer to 指的是; infer 暗示; prefer A to B 比起B更喜欢A solve v 解决; solution n 解决办法; mental 精神上的,心理上的; physical 身体上的advantage 优势; disadvantage 缺点,劣势; burden 负担take measures 采取措施; victim 牺牲品,受害者; burglary 盗窃; cause v 引起;n 原因 = reason = factor ;obesity 肥胖; pedestrians 行人,路人 report 报道household 家庭的;history 历史; future 将来; culture 文化concern 担心; be concerned about. ; background 背景Lesson 9 (教育科技类)indicate 暗示,表明;experiment 实验; experience 经验,经历; curiosity 好奇心; cheating 作弊activity 活动 ; miserable 不幸的,可怜的; digital 数字的; gadget 电子产品; piracy 盗版organize v 组织; organization n 组织 ; diligence = industry 勤奋; intelligence 智力; talent = gift天赋Discipline 纪律; drop off 辍学; statistics 统计;forum 论坛; annually;每年一次地;teenager 青少年; adult 成年人;dorm 学生宿舍; library 图书馆; lab 实验室college 大学;burden 负担campus 校园;education 教育university 大学 college 学院graduate 毕业; post- graduate 研究生; English major 英语专业的学生rule v 统治,n 规则; ruler n 尺子,统治者; regulation 规则primary 首要的; primary/ elementary school 小学technology 技术 information 信息;hi-tech 高技术Lesson 10 (经济医学类)financial 经济的,财政的;interest 利息,利率,利益; profit 利润; consumer 消费者merchandise 商品; purchase 购买, retailer 零售商;overtime 加班;credit 信用,学分Economy 经济; economic 经济(学)的; economical 节约的,节俭的;domestic 国内的definition 定义; define v 给。下定义; classification 分类; dementia 老年痴呆Cancer 癌症; heart disease 心脏病; stroke 中风; aging 老龄化; pet 宠物parent 父母;patient 病人; 耐心的; patience n 耐心program 项目,节目,活动; brand 品牌; fashion 时尚analyze v 分析; analysis n 分析 result 结果; real adj 真实的; really adv; realize v 实现,意识到; reality n 现实 media 媒体; multimedia 多媒体truth = fact 事实communication 交流; trade 贸易;contract 合同manage v 管理; manager n 经理Flu 流感; fever 发烧; cold 感冒第二部分 词汇辨析中的高频词汇 Lesson 11 核心名词辨析(一)access VS excess: access 入口(跟to搭配); excess过量place VS position: position 岗位;place 地方; condition 条件,情况instrument 乐器;instruction 说明,指导; equipment设备;tool 工具application 申请,应用;(app 应用软件) appliance 器具 (electrical appliance 电器)catch sight of 看见;view take notice of = pay attention to 注意commitment 承诺; commission 委托,授权 ;任务; affairs 事物, foreign affairs 外交事务source 来源; resource 资源; origin起源,源头,根源。effect n 效果,影响;(side effect 副作用)affect v 影响;effective 有效果的;efficient 高效率的mess 混乱; mass 大量;majority 大多数;minority 少数people 人们;person 个人;population 人口数量;popularity 流行性【练习】1. The people living in these apartments have free _ to that swimming pool.A. accessB. excessC. excursionD. recreation2. I took the medicine, but it didnt have any_ on me. A. effectB. relation C. touchD. affect 3. Although its tough finding a job these days, Henry got a _in a famous company.A. PlaceB. PositionC. postD. patch 4. Many people complain of the rapid _ of modern life.A. RateB. paceC. speedD. growth 5. We discussed this problem for several days, but could not come to a(n) _.A. ResultB. endC. conclusionD. judgement Lesson 12 核心名词辨析(二)benefit n. 好处;v. 受益 benefit from。 从。中受益 reward v. 回报;award 奖品,奖励 奥斯卡金像奖,学院奖;awkward 笨拙的,尴尬的length n 长度;width 宽度; weight 重量; height 高度wealth n 财富- wealthy adj 富有的health n 健康 - healthy adj 健康的conflict n 冲突;crisis n 危机; critic n 批评accident 事故(traffic accident 交通事故); incident 主观事件event 重大的事件或活动change 改变,零钱; chance 机会= opportunity; challenge 挑战 Bench 长凳; branch 树枝,分支机构【练习】1. We develop trade with that company for our shared _.A. Honor B. rewardC. benefitD. prize2. Your brother is very tall. What is his exact _?A. SizeB. lengthC.height D. breadth3. These opinions are now out of _.A. OrderB. formC. moodD. fashion 4. Our English professor is a man of French _.A. Birth B. origin C. sourceD. breed broodLesson 13 核心名词辨析(三)contact 接触,联系contract 合同contrast 对比,对照 by contrast 相反tension 紧张;intention 意图,打算;relaxation 放松attitude 态度altitude 海拔,高度gratitude 感激,感谢; devotion (to)献身,奉献Profession 专业,职业; career 职业生涯; employment 雇佣Plan 计划; plane 飞机;schedule 时间表Progress 进步;purpose 目的fault 错误 固定搭配 find fault 找茬; err = mistake 错误Burden 负担,load 装载; bother 麻烦; brother 兄弟【练习】1. It wasnt an accident. He did it on _.A. Reason B. intention C. purpose D. Determination 2. The airplane arrived one hour behind _.A. Plan B. date C. timeD. schedule3. Harry and Sam both denied that the fight was their _.A. Blame B. criticism C. causeD. fault Lesson 14 核心动词辨析(一)transfer 转移,调动; transport 交通,运输; transform 变形 (transformer 变形金刚)transplant 移植; transmit 传播,传输 interfere (with) 干预,干涉;interrupt 打断,中断; disturb 打扰bother 打扰,brother 兄弟prefer A to B 比起B更喜欢A; refer to 提及; infer 暗示 recognize 认出,再认; illustrate 说明,解释remind sb of sth 提醒某人做某 Inform sb of sth 通知某人做某事rob sb of sth 抢劫了某人的某物press v 按,压- pressure n 压力 Impress v 给。留下印象; impression n 印象express v 表达; expression n 表达,表情push 推; pull 拉; rush 冲 ensure 保障,确保; insure 保险【练习】1. The football player is hoping to _ another team soon. A. TransferB. transportC. transplantD. transact2. I am sorry to have _ you with so many questions on such an occasion.A. Interfered B. offendedC. impressedD.disturbed 3. The engineer tried to _ the problem with several drawings.A. RecognizeB. impressC. illustrateD. identify ID 4. It is wise to _ your property against storm damage. A. InsureB. assure C. reassureD. ensureLesson 15 核心动词辨析(二)convey 传递,表达; Confront 面对,正视; confront with 使面临。,使面对。cost 主语是物或it,花钱;n. 代价,成本take 主语是物或it,花时间 ex: It takes me 2 hours to get to the station. spend 主语是人,花钱或时间;spend sth on sth; spend sth (in) doing.pay 主语是人;pay . for . reject = refuse 拒绝; object to 。 反对/抗议。arrive in/at = get to = reach 到达 reach an agreement/conclusion 达成协议/ 得出结论out of reach = without reach 够不着; within reach 够得着divide A into B 把A 分割成B; separate A from B 把 A 跟B 分开match 配对,搭配; suit with = fit for 适合。approach n 方法,途径 approach to. 。的方法/途径 v. 靠近,接近【练习】1. Careless driving may _ your life. A. Cost 代价B. pay C. spend D. buy 2. Id like to _ my parents greetings to you and your family.A. ConfrontB. display C. consultD. convey 3. No agreement was _ in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.A. Arrived B. obtainedC. reachedD. gained Lesson 16 核心动词辨析(三)depend on = rely on 依赖,依靠; independent 独立的;reliable 可靠的explain 解释; explanation n 解释; complain v 抱怨;complaint n 抱怨contribute to 有助于。; contribution n 贡献attribute to 归功于。; distribute v 分配search sb 对某人搜身;search for sb /sth 搜索。; research 研究spoil 溺爱,宠坏;hurt 泛指身体/精神受伤;wound 刀/枪伤,n 伤口;destroy 摧毁;injure受伤follow v 跟随;fellow n 伙伴儿strike (struck,struck)打击,袭击,罢工knock 敲门【练习】1. The car was badly smashed up, but the driver got away without serious_.A. damage destroy B. wound C. pain D. injury 2. The color of the skirt does not _ that of the coat.A. balanceB. matchC. suitD. accord 3. The boy is eager to _ knowledge in different fields. A. accomplishB. absorb C. arrangeD. approachLesson 17 核心动词辨析(四)rise vi.(不及物动词) 上升;具体概念 ex: The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起arise vi (不及物动词)升起;抽象概念 ex: A lot of questions arise in my mind.raise vt(及物动词) 提高;筹集;养育;升起;具体概念 ex:Why did they raise prices? arouse vt 唤起;抽象概念 ex:I like the song because it can arouse my feeling.adapt VS adopt: ad