2020浙江中考英语专项突破训练：专题一-完型填空(共37页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上见学生用书P1完形填空又称综合填空，英语中的叫法是cloze test，朗文词典上的解释是a test used in teaching，where the student must supply the missing words in a short piece of writing.完形填空是当前各级各类英语测试中普遍被采纳的题型，一般都以一篇短文形式出现，是对考生英语语言运用能力的综合考查。中考完形填空设置15小题，每小题1分，总分为15分。1选材完形填空的选材以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，多为反映现实生活的人物故事。其主题必须积极向上，传递正能量。常见话题涉及亲情、友情、爱情、关怀、助人、励志、奋斗等。2文章长度一般说来，文章长度在250350词之间。3设空设空以语义空格为主，也就是以考查动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词为主，也会少量出现连词、介词等虚词。设空的平均密度一般为615个单词，平均词距约11词，最长一般不多于20词，最短不少于5词。句首一般不设空。4考查方向从考查内容上来看，主要有词语辨析、词语搭配、语篇理解和逻辑推理等。其中，单纯考查语法结构的题目数量相对较少，重在文意干扰，每题的四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。如果是动词，则都是动词。如果孤立地看挖空的句子，一般每个选项都能满足句子的需要。但要确定最佳答案，只能根据全文内容和情节的发展来作出判断。近三年来，动词、名词、形容词、副词在具体语境中的使用是考查重点。特别值得指出的是，完形填空虽然以考查词汇为主，但绝不是过去对同义词或近义词辨析的考查，而是考查在特定语境中正确词汇的应用；另外，完形填空已经由对单词与单句的局部理解向对段落与篇章的整体理解转移：根据单词本身与单句设计的试题数量明显减少，根据语篇理解设计的试题数量显著增加，突出了对上下文乃至全篇意思理解的考查。宏观层面方法论【三步解题法】1浏览全文，掌握大意速读、选做第一遍应该是快速阅读，但并不仅仅局限于阅读，而是要在阅读过程中做出那些相对简单的选择。其原则是：先易后难、避难就易只做那些比较简单的、自己有把握的题目。2仔细阅读，字斟句酌详读、全做第二遍应该是全文详读，选出剩余空格的答案并检查第一遍所选答案。在做出每一个选择时，应该是基于对上下文乃至全文的理解，而不是仅仅对某一个单句的理解。3再次通读，贯通全文复查、审核第三遍应该以较快速度通读全文，其主要目的是查漏补缺、贯通全文，力求做到文从字顺、不留遗憾。微观层面微技能完形填空是基于对语篇整体理解的考查，因此，不能只盯着某空格所在句子，必须结合上下文来做出选择。这里的上下文不仅仅指上下句，可能是比较遥远的上下文，信息点跨段也是常有的。瞻前原则指利用上文信息解题。This _30_ moment was the warmest in my heart and it gave my day and my life a brand new start.It brings me such a joy to simply love and bless.2018·湖州30A.luckyBinterestingCamazing Dsuccessful答案：本题所在的句子本身并没有给我们提供解题依据，但当我们结合文章首句“In San Francisco，I had this amazing experience.”可以很容易地得出，正确答案为C项。顾名思义，顾后原则是指利用下文信息解题。同样，这里所说的下文信息，可能是下句，也可能是较远的下文。I was _20_ home from a meeting while Daniel's eye was being stitched.Mike drove _21_ to the airport after they left the doctor's office.He greeted _22_ at the gate while Daniel was waiting in the car.2018·绍兴20A.flying BdrivingCboating Dwalking答案：如果我们孤立地看第20题所在的句子，是无法做出选择的。当我们看到下文信息“Mike drove _21_ to the airport(迈克径直开向机场)”和“He greeted _22_ at the gate while Daniel was waiting in the car.(他在机场门口迎接我，而丹尼尔在车里等着。)”可知作者是乘坐飞机回家的，所以正确答案为A项。Working as a team，we finished the job in no time at all.I _23_ Josiah，realizing that I'd enjoyed working with him.2018·舟山23A.hated BforgotCsaved Dthanked答案：如果只看上半句“I _23_ Josiah”，我们无法做出选择。结合下半句信息“realizing that I'd enjoyed working with him”可知，作者已经喜欢跟Josiah一起干活，因此他应该“感谢(thanked)”Josiah的参与。在一篇文章中，上下文往往存在某种有机的联系。这种联系可以是并列，可以是转折，也可以是递进，当然，也会有前后呼应和对比。对比可以是同义对比，也可以是反义对比；可以是时间层面的对比，也可以是地点层面的对比，还可以是逻辑层面的对比。The next afternoon，when Mum said it was time to play the game，I told her I was _20_. She allowed me to lie down for a while.So I went to my room and _21_ myself in bed.This was difficult for me because I was fine and just _22_ to avoid softball.2017·嘉兴20A.bored BsickCshy Dsad答案：如果只是看本段第一句话，我们是无法对第20题做出选择的，因为四个形容词似乎都可以填入。但是，当我们看到下文的“This was difficult for me because I was fine”这句时，答案就浮出水面了。因为作者本来身体好好的(fine)，却要装作生病(sick)，所以让他在床上睡觉是很难的。由此可知应该选择B项。对于被考查词，有时候会在文中重复出现。因此考生可以利用文中已有信息来解题。In fourth grade，she and some of her friends started a food project.They _21_ $700 and collected 800 pounds of food._22_ twelve.Amano set up the nonprofit(非营利的)group Hawaii's Future Isn't Hungry.She hoped to raise $10，000 _23_ she finished high school.She ended up raising more than $500，000 in four years.2017·嘉兴21A.paid BsavedCraised Dborrowed答案：第21题考查“筹集资金”的表达，而下文中正好出现了两次这一说法的表达。它们分别是“She hoped to raise $10，000”和“She ended up raising more than $500，000”。因此该题正确答案为C项。阅读理解中有推理判断题，在完形填空解题过程中，基于已知信息以及生活常识做出合理推断也是需要的。However，our instructor，Mr.Lee，pointed out that it might flood(淹没)if it rained.In the end，we found a _39_ area.2018·杭州39A.nearer BlowerCbigger Dhigher答案：由上文信息可知，Mr.Lee 指出：如果下雨，我们搭在草地上的帐篷会被淹没。且根据生活常识“草地地势低洼和水往低处流”可推断出“我们应该把帐篷搭在更高的地方”，因此正确答案为D项。词组或短语也是完形填空考查的项目之一，尤其是动词短语和介词短语。我们如果能准确识别句中所考查短语并明白其含义，则问题迎刃而解。When we looked at the album，all the sweet memories came _22_We hoped it showed how _23_ she was to us.2018·温州22A.back BdownCoff Don答案：本题考查动词短语。结合从句“当我们看着相册时”可知主句表示“所有美好的记忆都浮现在脑海中”。come back是固定短语，意为“回想起”。因此正确答案为A项。我们也可以通过判断上下分句之间的逻辑关系来解题。这种逻辑关系包括并列、转折、递进、让步、因果等等。It does not always come easy to discover oneself.From a young age，I had a strong sense of who I was to become，_1_ an accident made me redefine(重审)myself.2018·宁波1A.and BbutCor Dso答案：根据空格前一句可知，作者从年轻的时候起，就强烈地意识到自己要成为什么样的人；根据空格后一句可知，一场意外让作者重新定义了自己。显然，前后两句之间存在转折关系，因此正确答案为B项。_25_ the third graders were allowed to answer anonymously(匿名)，most wanted to include names.2017·绍兴25A.Unless BThoughCBecause DOnce答案：本句是一个复合句。主句意为“大部分学生还是想加上他们的名字”，从句意为“这些三年级学生被允许可以匿名来写”。很明显，主从句之间存在让步关系，因此正确答案为B项Though(虽然；尽管)。NO.1话题：个人成长 体裁：记叙文 难度：词数：274 建议用时：15分钟【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小害羞，可是他/她通过自己的努力，最终战胜了害羞并走向成功。I was a shy kid.I didn't even like to answer the telephone for fear I'd have to talk to somebody I didn't _1_However，at school I had to _2_ all day with others.I spent a lot of time studying and was rewarded(奖励)with good grades._3_ I went to college.During my third year of college，I had enough of being _4_ and decided to change my view and behavior.One day，I _5_ an advertisement for positions on the local classical music radio station.I had _6_ listening to classical music，and I could easily pronounce names such as Tchaikovsky，Albinoni，and Chopin.I had no background in radio，and no _7_ of getting the job.The idea of talking to thousands of listeners in “radioland” made me feel _8_However，I did well in the interview.I was _9_ a public service announcement(通知)to read，and a list of composers' names to pronounce.It wasn't _10_ for me.I left with a sense of achievement.About two weeks later I actually got the job.It was a challenging job，but I grew to _11_ it.I began to feel _12_ talking to people._13_ I now spend many hours each week talking with people，I'm still basically a quiet person.My former shyness is an advantage，as I can talk to people who feel discomfort(不舒服的)when they talk to newspaper reporters.I still enjoy moments of _14_，but I'm also glad I decided to make a _15_ in my life that has opened many doors and chances.(B)1.A.like BknowCexpect Dbelieve【解析】 由文章开头作者说自己从小害羞可知，他/她应该是害怕接陌生人的电话，故选B。(B)2.A.live BspendCwaste Dpass【解析】 根据“However”可知在学校里，作者只能整天都和别人待在一起，spend sometime with sb.花费时间和某人在一起。(A)3.A.Finally BHopefullyCActually DGradually【解析】 上文说作者学习勤奋，所以此处表示“他/她最终上了大学”，故选A。(A)4.A.shy BweakCcurious Ddifferent【解析】 根据上文作者从小害羞可知，他/她对此已经受够了，想做出改变。故选A。(D)5.A.imagined BdesignedCcreated Dnoticed【解析】 此处表示作者无意中注意到了一则招募广告，故选D。(D)6.A.turned out Bgiven upCtaken over Dgrown up【解析】 根据后半句作者对一些音乐家很熟悉可知，他/她是听古典音乐长大的，故选D。(B)7.A.luck BhopeCplan Dway【解析】 由于作者没有任何广播电台工作的背景，因此他/她认为自己没有任何得到工作的希望。故选B。(C)8.A.happy BluckyCafraid Dangry【解析】 根据上文可知作者没有经验和信心，性格也比较害羞，因此他/她一想到要通过电台对数千人讲话就很害怕。故选C。(A)9.A.given BofferedCallowed Dordered【解析】 由作者去参加面试可推知，此处表示“被安排(给予)去读一则公共服务通知”，故选A。(A)10.A.difficult BeasyCstrange Dinteresting【解析】 根据上文“ I could easily pronounce names”可知，对作者来说读这些名字是小菜一碟，故选A。(B)11.A.refuse BenjoyCdiscover Dmiss【解析】 根据but可知前后两句之间是转折关系，所以此处表示“虽然这份工作充满挑战，但是作者慢慢喜欢上了它”，选B。(C)12.A.anxious BsatisfiedCcomfortable Dnervous【解析】 联系上文作者从对通过电台和数千人讲话感到害怕到慢慢喜欢上这份工作可知，他/她跟人谈话时越来越从容。故选C。(A)13.A.Although BBecauseCNow that DAs though【解析】 前后两句之间存在让步关系，故选A。(D)14.A.happiness BsuccessCsadness Dloneliness【解析】 此处与上文作者从小害羞呼应，表示“作者至今依然会享受孤独的时刻”，故选D。(A)15.A.change BplanCdifference Djourney【解析】 此处表示“虽然作者依然有安静内向、享受孤独的一面，但是他/她很高兴自己所做出的改变”，故选A。NO.2话题：案件重现 体裁：记叙文 难度：词数：304建议用时：15分钟【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Sarah和Stephanie去一家店里喝了冰茶，令人吃惊的是，喝了四杯的Sarah平安无事，而只喝了一杯的Stephanie却被毒死。这是怎么回事呢？Sarah and Stephanie are good friends.They went shopping together _1_ Saturday.After a whole day，they were both very _2_So they decided to stop at a cafe to have a drink.They walked to the counter(柜台)and _3_ two cups of iced tea.The waiter thought the two young ladies were beautiful.While he was making the tea，he _4_ them to see a movie with him after he finished work.But they both turned him _5_After some time，the waiter brought out their iced tea.Sarah was so thirsty that she drank hers very quickly.So quickly，_6_，that she decided to order more.She drank four glasses of iced tea altogether.But Stephanie drank hers quite _7_By the time that Sarah finished four glasses of iced tea，Stephanie had drunk only one.Stephanie drank hers _8_ slowly that the ice in her glass had completely melted(融化)by the time she finished her drink. After they finished their drinks，they started to return home.But on the way，Stephanie suddenly felt very _9_She fell to the sidewalk and stopped _10_Sarah called for an ambulance(救护车)，but by the time they arrived，it was too _11_. Stephanie was dead.The doctors told Sarah later that Stephanie had been _12_ by the poison(毒药)in her iced tea.But Sarah also drank the tea，and she didn't die.How is this _13_？Here is the _14_The poison was in the ice cubes(块)in their drinks.Sarah drank her iced tea quickly，so the poison didn't have time to come out of the ice cubes._15_ Stephanie drank slowly，so the melting ice released(释放)the poison into her drink and killed her.(B)1.A.in BonCat Dof【解析】 表示在星期几要用介词on，属于固定搭配。(B)2.A.hungry BthirstyCtired Dsad【解析】 根据后一句“So they decided to stop at a cafe to have a drink.”可知她们都很渴，故选B。(C)3.A.made BaskedCordered Ddrank【解析】 此处表示“她们去柜台点了两杯冰茶”，故选C。(A)4.A.invited BforcedCallowed Dbegged【解析】 根据上文“这名服务员觉得Sarah和Stephanie很美”可推知，他想邀请她们在他下班后去看电影，故选A。(D)5.A.on BoffCup Ddown【解析】 根据转折连词But可知Sarah和Stephanie拒绝了服务员的邀请。turn down意为“拒绝”。(A)6.A.in fact Bafter allCat first Dat all【解析】 由前一句可知此处表示“事实上，Sarah喝得如此之快以至于她决定多要几杯”，故选A。(B)7.A.quickly BslowlyCcarefully Dloudly【解析】 根据上文Sarah喝得很快以及该句中的But可知，此处表示“Stephanie喝得很慢”，故选B。(A)8.A.so BtooCvery Dquite【解析】 此处表示“Stephanie喝得如此之慢以至于喝完的时候杯子里的冰块完全融化了”，so that意为“如此以至于”，是固定句型。(D)9.A.angry BexcitedCnervous Dsick【解析】 根据下文“She fell to the sidewalk”可知此处表示“Stephanie突然感到非常难受”，故选D。(C)10.A.talking BwalkingCmoving Dsinging【解析】 根据下文Sarah打电话叫救护车可知此处表示“Stephanie倒在路边不能动了”，故选C。(B)11.A.early BlateChot Dcold【解析】 根据后一句“Stephanie was dead.”可知此处表示“救护车来得太晚了”，故选B。(D)12.A.beaten BhitCharmed Dkilled【解析】 根据后一句“Sarah也喝了冰茶但是她没死”可知此处表示“Stephanie是被冰茶中的毒药杀死的”，故选D。(D)13.A.dangerous BdifficultCnecessary Dpossible【解析】 由Sarah和Stephanie两人都喝了同样的冰茶，Stephanie死了，Sarah却没事可知，此处表示“这怎么可能呢？”，故选D。(A)14.A.answer BquestionCproblem Dfact【解析】 本段解释了这一谜题背后的答案和真相，故选A。(C)15.A.And BBecauseCBut DOr【解析】 前后两句之间是转折关系，故选C。NO.3话题：名人故事 体裁：记叙文 难度：词数：235建议用时：14分钟【语篇导读】本文摘自世界著名钢琴大师郎朗的个人自传，主要讲述了他担任联合国儿童基金会亲善大使后去非洲看望受灾儿童的经历。作者由个人奋斗走向关注慈善，他的人生从而得到升华。In 2004，I was greatly honored to be appointed (任命) international goodwill ambassador (大使) to UNICEF，the youngest in its _1_After that，I would travel to different parts of the _2_ and see the terrible _3_ that AIDS and other diseases had on children.I _4_ told UNICEF that I would leave at the first break in my trip.My decision was based on my love for children，on a _5_ to continue to balance and deepen my life，and on memories of my own _6_ childhood.It was nothing compared to what I would discover in Africa.At some schools，the children would entertain(娱乐)me with their stories or plays，and I _7_ many who were dying from AIDS.Where I could，I played the piano for them and watched their faces _8_ into smiles，even laughter.I _9_ teachers，doctors，and volunteers from dozens of countries.I thanked them _10_ saving and building lives and communities.As a UNICEF ambassador，I _11_ to spread the word at my concerts and in interviews that _12_ more help was needed here and needed _13_Many times I was moved to tears at the _14_ conditions.Yet by the end of my trip，my _15_ were ones of hope.I had always had a strong will to succeed，and this task would be no different.(C)1.A.record BtraditionChistory Dculture【解析】 此处表示“作者是联合国儿童基金会历史上最年轻的亲善大使”，故选C。(D)2.A.town BcityCcountry Dworld【解析】 作者担任联合国儿童基金会亲善大使后将会走访世界各地，故选D。(A)3.A.influence BdiseaseCparts Dfacts【解析】 have an influence on意为“对有影响”，由空格后的“that AIDS and other diseases had on children.”可知此处应选A。(B)4.A.naturally BimmediatelyCgradually Dformally【解析】 根据下文“My decision was based on my love for children”可知作者喜爱孩子，所以此处表示“他立刻通知联合国儿童基金会自己的行动计划”，故选B。(D)5.A.project BdreamCview Dhope【解析】 此处表示“作者的决定也是建立在一种继续平衡和深化自己人生希望的基础之上”，故选D。(A)6.A.poor BhappyCstrange Dboring【解析】 由后一句作者将自己的童年跟非洲儿童的童年相比可知，他的童年也是不幸的，故选A。(B)7.A.heard BsawCknew Dimagined【解析】 此处表示“作者在学校中看到了很多即将死于艾滋病的儿童”，故选B。(B)8.A.keep BbreakCput Dtake【解析】 根据后面的“even laughter”可知在场的儿童脸上都展露出了笑容。break into smiles“绽放笑容”。(C)9.A.asked BofferedCmet Drespected【解析】 此处表示“作者在非洲遇到了来自很多国家的教师、医生和志愿者”，故选C。(A)10.A.for BinCon Dat【解析】 此处表示“作者为他们在非洲挽救生命和建设社区方面作出的贡献而感谢他们”，thank sb.for(doing)sth.“为某事感谢某人”。(D)11.A.advised BansweredCwanted Dpromised【解析】 此处表示“作者承诺将在自己的音乐会及访谈中传播这一信息”，故选D。(A)12.A.even BstillCyet Dinstead【解析】 根据上文虽然有来自世界各地的志愿者们的热心救助，但非洲儿童仍饱受各种疾病的困扰可知，非洲甚至需要更多的帮助。故选A(A)13.A.quickly BcarefullyCsuddenly Dhopefully【解析】 此处表示“非洲不但需要更多的帮助，而且急切地需要帮助”，故选A。(B)14.A.great BterribleCstrange Dnormal【解析】 根据“Many times I was moved to tears”可知非洲儿童的处境很糟糕，故选B。(C)15.A.joys BstoriesCtears Dsmiles【解析】 由本段首句可知，此处表示作者所流下的泪水。故选C。NO.4话题：幸福之道 体裁：记叙文 难度：词数：301建议用时：15分钟【语篇导读】本文通过琼斯夫人的故事，告诉我们“幸福是一种态度”这一主题，同时在文章结尾告诉我们获得幸福的五大秘诀：心中无恨，脑中无忧，简单生活，多一些付出，少一些期待。Mrs.Jones is a 92­year­old lady.She is blind and her husband died recently.This made it _1_ for her to move to a nursing home today. After many hours of waiting in the lobby of the nursing home，she smiled sweetly when told her room was _2_As she went to the elevator on her wheelchair，I provided a simple description(描述)of her small room. “I _3_ it，” she stated with the enthusiasm(热心)of an eight­year­old having just been presented(赠送)with a new pet dog.“Mrs.Jones，you haven't _4_ the room just wait.”“That doesn't have anything to do _5_ it，” she replied.“_6_ is something you decide on ahead of time.Whether I like my room or not doesn't _7_ how the furniture is arranged(安排)It's how I arrange my _8_I have already _9_ to love it.It's a decision I make every morning when I wake up.I have a choice to _10_ every morning.I can _11_ the day in bed thinking of the difficulty I have with the parts of my body that no longer work，_12_ get out of bed and be thankful for the ones that do work.Each day is a gift，and as long