中考英语动词讲义+习题(共7页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上语法专项五动词【考点直击】1.动词的八种时态的构成及用法； 2.动词被动语态的构成及用法；3.非谓语动词的构成及用法； 4.近义动词的用法区别。一、动词的分类动词是表示动作或状态的词，有时态、语态形式上的变化。动词的分类实义动词（行为动词）及物动词（vt）不及物动词（vi）系动词be, look, sound, taste, smell, become, turn, seem等助动词be(+doing)be(+done)have(done)have(been doing)do, does, didwill, shall, would, should情态动词can, may , must, could , might, should, need等二、实义动词：也叫行为动词，是在句中能够独立作谓语的动词。1、及物动词：后面须跟名词或代词做宾语意义才完整的实义动词叫作及物动词。eg: Mr. Li reached Shanghai he day before yesterday.EG：I like swim in summer.（1）接双宾语的及物动词：1）接to的：bring, give, lend, offer, pass, pay, return, send, show, each, tell, write, ask等2）接for的：buy, call, cook, choose fetch, get make, order, do, find等3）感官动词，使役动词后面接动词原形。2、不及物动词：后面一定不能直接跟宾语，但可以跟一个介词，再加一个宾语。实际上“不及物动词+介词”就相当于一个及物动词了。没有被动形式。Eg:Zhu Tao always laughs at his brother.Eg: She is looking at the picture.注意：很多动词既可以是及物动词，又可以是不及物动词。Eg: Lets begin. Eg：We will begin our class in an hour.三、系动词：也叫连系动词，本身有意义，不能独立做谓语，必须和其后的表语（由名词、形容词、动名词、不定式、介词短语及副词充当），一起构成系表结构，充当句中的谓语。系动词没有被动形式，也不能用于进行时态。类别功能例词例句状态系动词表示主语所处的状态beWe are very happy.She is from Beijing.持续系动词表示主语继续保持某种状态或态度keep, remain, stay, standDo more exercise to keep healthy.感官系动词表示主语-起来怎么样feel, smell, sound , tastelookThe soup tastes salty.The girl looks careful.变化系动词表示主语变成了什么样子become, grow, turn,get, go, come, seemThe leaves turn yellow in autumn.三、助动词：协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词。本身没有词义，不能独立使用，在句中和其他动词连用，构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。（be, have, do兼有实意动词与助动词的功能）Eg: It is made in China. Eg: I havent had my breakfast yet.四、情态动词：1、概念：表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词有词义，但意义不完整，其后一定要跟不带to的动词不定式。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。不能单独作谓语，和其他动词原形构成谓语。有can(could), may(might), must, need, ought to, dare(dared), shall(should), will(would)，have to2、用法1）can的用法表示能力，“能，会”，即有这种能力，尤指生下来就具备的能力。eg： This room can hold 60 people. I can see. 注意：can 只有现在时和过去式could，在表示能力时如需用示其他时态时，可用be able to来代替。Eg:He has been able to make a homepage and do online shopping on the Internet.他已经会在互联网上制作主页和进行网上购物了。表示说话人的猜测（即可能性），常用于否定句和疑问句中。eg: It cant be ture.表示请求或许可。eg: You can go out to play if you finish your homework.2) could的用法是can的过去式，表示主语具有某种能力。-Could David swim well at the age of four? -Yes , he could .(No, he couldnt)表示委婉语气，常用句式Could you -?Could I turn on the TV? Yes , you can.(No, you cant)3）may的用法表示许可，用于肯定句或疑问句中。You may come to the party tomorrow.表示推测，可能 或许，常用于肯定句和否定句中，指现在或将来的可能性。He may be at home at the moment.对may的回答，Yes,may pleaseOf courseCertainlySure. 否定 No,you may not No, you mustnt.4) might的用法表示许可 Might I -?比May I -?更客气。Might I have a talk with you ?表示说话人的猜测，把握性比may小。You might be right.5)must的用法表示已义务或强制。“必须，应该”You must obey the school rules. 注意：must与have to的区别：must侧重于个人意愿和主观上的必要，have to 侧重于客观上的必要。Eg：I know I must study hard. The last bus has gone. We have to take a taxi.Must 只有一种形式，而have to 则有更多的形式，可以用于各种时态。表示说话人有把握的猜测或判断，“一定，准是”只用于肯定句。The hair band must be Graces because she is the only girl at the picnic.must用于一般疑问句时，其肯定答语用must, 否定用neednt 或dont have to.-Must I go there tomorrow? -Yes ,you must.(No, you neednt或No ,you dont have to)must的否定式mustt 表示禁止，不允许。You mustnt park your car here. Please look at the sign.6)need 的用法表示必要性，“需要，必须”，主要用于疑问句或否定句. You needworry about it.Need I stay here any longer? Yes, you must . No , you needntneed 还可以做实义动词。I need to buy a new one.五、动词的基本形式动词有几下几种基本形式：动词原形（即前面不带to的动词不定式形式）、动词第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。1、动词第三人称单数的构成 构成法 例词 读法词尾加shelp-helpss在清辅音后读【s】know-knows在浊辅音或元音后读【z】get-gets在t后读【ts】ride-rides在d后读【dz】词尾加es以字母s/ x/ ch/ sh结尾的动词加esguess-guesseses读【iz】fix-fixeswash-washes以o结尾的动词加esgo-goeses读【z】do-does以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为I,再加esfly-flieses读【z】study-studies2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成构成法例词读法一般加edwork-worked, worked词尾ed在清辅音后读【t】,在元音和浊辅音后读【d】,在辅音【t】【d】后读【d】以e结尾的加dlive-lived, lived以辅音字母+y 结尾的，改y为i,再加edstudy-studied,studied cry-cried-cried以元音字母+y结尾的词，直接加edplay-played, played以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加edstop-stopped, stopped 3、 动词现在分词的构成构成法例词一般加ingwork -working 以e结尾的动词去e后加inglive-living以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词stop-stopping要双写这个辅音字母，再加ing以ie结尾的重读开音节的词，改ie为y,再加ingdie-dying 动词专项练习题一、单项选择1. Im interested in animals, so I _ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.A. pay B. get C. take D. spend2. -Listen Helen is singing in the next room.-It _ be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.A. cant B. mustnt C. may D. should3.-I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.-Oh, I am sorry I _ dinner at my friends house.A. have B. had C. was having D. have had4.-How long have you _ the moteobike?-For about two weeks.A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. lent5. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _English on the radio the day bofore yesterday.A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught6. Susans parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive.A. must B. can C. mustnt D. cant7. Coffee is ready. How nice it _ ! Would you like some?A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels8. “ Mr. Zhu, youd better _ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat9. “Dont always make Michael _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife.A. do B. to do C. does D. did10. Dont _ your coat, Tom! Its easy to catch cold in spring. A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out11. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_ you _ your homework yet?A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finishing D. Have; finished12.Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?Yes, you _.A. must B. can C. may D. need13. Must I be in hospital for a week， Doctor?  No， you . You can go back home tomorrow. A.mustnt        B.neednt    C. must 14. The desk is not dirty.You_clean it. A.mustnt B.shouldnt C.neednt C.cant15.What is your mother going to do this Saturday? -Im not sure.She_go to see my grandmother.A.canB.mustC.may16.Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening?-No, it _be her. She_ to Japan.A.mustnt ; has gone B.mustnt ;has been C.cant ;has gone D.cant ;has been17. Its the library! So you_ know shouting is not allowed here. A.can B.must C.need D.may18. I visited many places including the History Museum last Saturday; When I_ at the hotel, it was very late. A. got B. reached C. arrived19Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning.-No, he_ ,because he didnt know my address.A.couldntB.cantC.mustntD.may not20.Must I mop up the follr now?-No,you_. A.neednt B.cant C.shouldnt D.mustnt21. Another cup of coffee?-No, thanks. I _ be off. Mary is waiting for me.A. can B. may C. must D. might22. -Im a little tired. Lets go to the zoo by taxi.-We take a taxi. Its not far from here. A. cant B. mustnt C. couldnt D. neednt23. -Lets go to the West Hill Park by taxi.-Oh, it is not far away from here. We _take a taxi.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. cant24. Must I finish watering the flowers now?-No, you_.A. must B. wont C. neednt D. cant25. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would 26. -_I borrow these magazines?-Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed.A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need 27. If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its dangerous.A. dont B. neednt C. mustnt D. wouldnt28. -May I watch TV for a while？-No, you _. You have to finish your homework first. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. wont29. -Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting?-Im not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He know.A. can B. may C. need D. shall 30.How is your friend coming?-Im not sure. He _ drive here. A. may B. can C. must D. will31. -Is Lucy knocking at the door?-No. It _ be Lucy. She is in Japan now.A. neednt B. must C. cant32. -Lets go to the concert tonight, Michael!-Sorry, I _. I have to help my mother with the houseworkA. mustnt B. may not C. neednt D. cant33. -I have spent too much time playing computer games these days.-I think so. You _ stop, for your study and your health.A. will B. must C. can D. may34. We _ fight against pollution. A. may B. should C. mustnt D. neednt35. Thomas, please be quiet. The others _ hear very well.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 36.- I like reading. - Great! It can   your mind.A. read B. lose C. feed D. feel37.-   you play golf? - No. But I can play table tennis.A. Can B. May C. MustD. Should38.- I can't stop playing computer games. - For your health, my boy. I'm afraid you  .A. can B. may C. will D. have to39. Must I finish that work today? No, you  . You may finish it in three days.A. mustn't B. needn't C. shouldn't D. couldn't40.- Where is mum now? - I'm not sure. She   be in the kitchen.A. shall B. may C. need D. must41.-   I take some photos in the hall? - No, you  .A. Can; needn'tB. Must; mustn'tC. Could; won'tD. May; mustn't42.- Who's that girl swimming in the pool? Is it Lucy?- It   be Lucy. She is sleeping in her bedroom now.A. may notB. can'tC. mustD. should43. - Must I park my car behind the building? - No, you  . You   park it here.A. mustn't; may B. may not; must C. don't have to; may D. shouldn't; must44.Tom, you   play with the knife; you   hurt yourself.A. won't; can't B. mustn't; may C. shouldn't; must D. can't; shouldn't45.The old man   live in a quiet room, but his house is very near to a busy street, so it be quiet.A. can; can B. should; mustn't C. should; can't D. can; must46.In winter, you   go out with wet hair, or you   catch a cold.A. needn't; may B. mustn't; must C. shouldn't; may D. can't; must47.-   you like to go shopping with me this afternoon?- Sorry, I'm busy. I   not be free until tomorrow afternoon.A. Will; mayB. Would; mightC. Will; mustD. Would; need二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子) 48. We (应该听)     to the teacher in class carefully.49. Sam       (能回答) these questions in Chinese.50. He thought there (一定有)     someone in the dark room.51. I think you     (应当知道) her address and telephone number.52. You (不必担心)     about your mother's health. She feels better now than before.53.   you   (能否等候) a few minutes for her?She will be back soon.54. The policeman said, “You     (可以打电话) the police if you have any difficulties."55. Tom will  (度过) the evening with Jenny tomorrow.56. They invited me to the party, but I had to  (拒绝) because I was very busy.57. 一些球迷甚至会放弃工作去为他们的国家赢得比赛助威。Some football fans will even   their jobs to see their country win the game.58. 这所房子两年前属于我姑姑。This house   my aunt two years ago.59. 我认为用毯子扑灭火是个好方法。I think it's a good way to     the fire with a blanket.60. 不用担心，妈妈，我能照顾好自己。Don't worry, Mum. I can     myself well.61. 从广州开车到济南需要多长时间? How long does   to drive from Guangzhou to Jinan?62. 这儿有本字典你可以用, 你不需要买。There is a dictionary you    . You   buy one.63. 地球是我们美丽的家园, 我们必须保持地球清洁。The earth is our beautiful home. We      .64. 这个人不可能是个演员。 This person     an actor.65. 吸烟对身体不好。你最好戒掉。Smoking is bad for your health.     give it up.66. 千万不要玩火。You       fire.67. 你想来一瓶橘子汁吗？       a bottle of orange?68. - 你能否告诉我怎么走？- 当然可以。- you show me the way?- Of course I  .69. 你可以明天再交作文,但明天必须交上。You hand in your composition tomorrow, but you hand it in by then.70. 他问我是否愿意同他们一起去。He asked if I   go with them.71. 我们最好马上出发。We     start at once.三、补全短文 Do you 71. sleepy after lunch? Well, that's normal.Your body naturally 72. down them. What 73. you do about it? Don't reach for a cup of coffee! Instead, take a nap. It's good to have a daily nap. First of all, you are more efficient(有效的) after napping. You remember things better and 74. fewer mistakes; also, you 75. learn things more easily after taking a nap. A nap 76. make you more active and even cheer you up. But, there are some simple rules you 77. follow about taking a nap: First, take a nap in the middle of the day, about eight hours after you wake up in the morning. Next, a 20-minute nap is best. If you 78. longer, you 79. fall into a deep sleep. After waking from a deep sleep, you 80. feel worse. Also, you 81. set an alarm clock. That way, you 82. fully relax during your nap. You won't 83. keep looking at the clock for fear that you'll oversleep. Next time when you feel sleepy after lunch, you 84. get stressed. Put your head down, 85. your eyes and take a nap.【练习答案】1-4 DA