英语简单句的五种基本句型SVO(讲解练习打印版)学生用(共5页).docx
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:(乡村音乐)hasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)(我们)oftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)(三分之一)ofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)(游泳)intheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)(吸烟)doesharmtothehealth.(动名词)(富人)shouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)(什么时候我们参加考试)hasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)Itisnecessary(学会一门外语).(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2、 谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。1)简单谓语:We(学习)forthepeople.2)复合谓语:I(可以说)alittleEnglish.We(正在读)books.He(已经去了)toBeijing.3、表语:它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。专心-专注-专业Mysisteris(一个护士).Isit(你的)(代词)Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)Thespeechisexciting.(分词)Threetimessevenistwentyone(数词)Hisjobis(教英语).(不定式)Hishobby(爱好)is(打篮球)(动名词)Therulermustbe(在你的包里)(介词短语)Timeis(到了).Theclassis(结束).(副词)Thetruthis(他没有去过国外).(表语从句)4、宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,Welike(英语).HowmanydictionariesdoyouhaveIhave(本字典).(数词)Theyhelped(老人)withtheirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)Itbegan(下雨).(不定式短语)Ienjoy(喜欢听流行音乐).(动名词短语)Ithink(他适合befitfor这份工作)(宾语从句)有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。Hegave(给我一些墨水).有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:Wemake(让他成为我们的班长monitor).5、宾补:就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的Iseeyou(正在横穿马路).HisfathernamedhimDavid.(名词)Theypainted(涂漆)theirboat(白色的).(形容词)Letthefresh(新鲜的)air(进来).(副词)Youmustntforcehim.(不定式短语)Wesawher(正走进办公室).(现在分词)Wefoundeverythinginthelab(井然有序order).(介词短语)6、定语:在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。Heis(新生)student.但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。Thebike(在那个方房间)ismine.Guilinisa(漂亮的)city.(形容词)Chinaisa(发展中)country;Americaisa(发达)country.(分词)Therearethirty(女性的)teachersisourschool.(名词)(她的)progress(进步)inEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)Ourmonitor(班长)isalwaysthefirst(进教室的人).(不定式短语)Heisreadinganarticle(文章)(关于如何学好英语).(介词短语)7、状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。Helives(在伦敦).Lighttravels(最快的).(副词及副词性词组)Hehaslivedinthecity(十年了).(介词短语)Heissorry(打扰你了).(不定式短语)Heisintheroom.(制造了一架模型飞机)(分词短语)(一旦你开始),youmustcontinue.(状语从句)状语种类如下:Howaboutmeetingagain(六点钟)(时间状语)Lastnightshedidntgotothedanceparty(由于下雨).(原因状语)Ishallgothere(假如不下雨).(条件状语)MrSmithlives(在三楼).(地点状语)Sheputtheeggsintothebasket(小心翼翼的).(方式状语)Shecamein(手里边拿着一本字典).(伴随状语)(为了赶上其他人),Imustworkharder.(目的状语)(inorderto)Hewassotired(以至于他立马就睡着了).(结果状语)Sheworksveryhard(尽管他年龄很大).(让步状语)Iamtaller(比他高).(比较状语)一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.5.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.6.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.7.Hewantstofinishtheworkintime.8.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice(建议).9.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay11.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress12.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.13.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.14.Henoticed(注意到)amanentertheroom.15.Theapplestastedsweet.简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构主语不及物动词S十V十P主系表结构主语连系动词表语S十V十O主谓宾结构主语及物动词宾语S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构判断类型和句子成分:ShecameShelikesEnglish.SheishappyTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.Sheboughtabookforme.ShegaveJohnabookMyheadaches.ShemakeshermotherangryThesunwasshining.Themoonrose.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.他们谈了半个小时。Thedinnersmellsgood.午餐的气味很好。Everythinglooksdifferent.一切看来都不同了。Heisgrowingtallandstrong.他长得又高又壮。Hisfaceturnedred.他的脸红了。Whoknowstheanswer谁知道答案?Heenjoysreading.他喜欢看书。Iwanttohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。Heboughtyouadictionary.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。Ishowedhimmypictures.Igavemycarawash.我洗了我的汽车。Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.他教我开机器Whatmakeshimthinkso他怎么会这样想?Thechildrenareplayinghappily.TheGreensenjoylivinginChina.Hebecameafamousdoctor.他成为了一名着名的医生。Theapplepietastesreallydelicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。基本句型一:S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词:appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,fall,happen,rise,如:学生们学习很努力。_基本句型二:S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有:be(是);get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。1)Weshould_anytime.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。2)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如:1)Springcomes.Itis_.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。2)Don'thavethefood._.不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。基本句型三:S十V十O主谓宾结构1)我昨天看了一部电影。_.2)Theyhave_ofthechildren这些孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四:S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish,write等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有:buy,choose,make,order,paint,play(演奏),sing,等。1) Yesterdayherfather_asabirthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。2)Theoldman_intheLongMarch.(正在给孩子们讲故事)这种句型还可转换为:动词直接宾语for/tosb.3)Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.=Please_.请把你的画给我看一下。4)I_thesalt.=I_thesalt_.我把书递给他。基本句型五:S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call(叫),choose(选),find(发现),make,name(命名)1)Keep_,please.请让孩子们安静下来。2)Theypainted_.他们把门漆成绿色。3)Wemust_.我们必须保持我们的学校洁。4)Heaskedme_soon.他要我早点回来。5)我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。_.注意:动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面接动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:6)Theboss_allday.(迫使他劳动)7)Wesaw_.(他出去)。考点突破训练1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyou_AtowaitBwaitCwaitedDwaiting2.Ifeltsomebody_me.AtouchBtouchedCtotouchDtouches3.Hetaughtme_speakEnglish.AhowshouldBhowChowcanIDhowto4.Ishallmakeyourdream_.AcomingtrulyBcometrueCtocometrueDcomestrue5.Hetold_home.AusnottogoBwenotgoCusnotgoDustonotgo6.Ithink_agoodhabittogetupearly.AthisBitCthatDits7.Rosesinbloomsmell_.AsweetenBsweetlyCsweetDsweetness8.Theweather_.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold9.Theappletasted_.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet10.11._wereallverytired,butnoneof_wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we12.Ithink_necessary(必要的)tolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis13.Thedog_mad(疯的).A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isntthere4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isntit9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.