薄冰高中英语语法之10·联系动词和助动词(共8页).doc
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薄冰高中英语语法之10·联系动词和助动词(共8页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 薄冰高中英语语法之十 联系动词和助词主 编 薄 冰 执行主编 庄志琳 葛炳芳 田绍慧山西教育出版社2014年最新版出 版 人 雷俊林 出版策划 苗补坤责任编辑 张荣荣ISBN 978-7-5440-5630-4 语法学习交流微平台 纸介图书京东旗舰店 纸介图书天猫旗舰店 百度阅读手持媒体免费读丨学英语,凭什么让我学语法吗?不时听到一些青年问道:学英语一定要学语法吗?语法应该怎么学呢?我们就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。对中国学生来说,尤其是成年人,我看是学点语法好。语法,顾名思义,乃是语言的法则和规律。学习语法,尤其是一些基本法则,至少有下列几个好处:第一 可以使你学得快些,因为已有现成的前人总结的法则,用不着你从头摸索。第二 可以使你学得透些,因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然,而且可以知其所以然。第三 可以使你学得准些,因为语法法则就是一条条准绳,可以用以衡量一句话是否正确。第四 语法不但可以引你入门,更可以引你入胜,使你逐渐眼界开阔,语感加深,从而使你的英语水平不断提高。丨那么应该如何学习语法呢?我认为在学习语法过程中,应该注意下面几点:第一 基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时,一定要把它的基本概念搞清,牢记在心。第二 要大量地实践,大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面,练习要着重说和写。第三 学习语法时,应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较,效果就比较好。 第四 要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法,就不必钻牛角尖,进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。第五 将一本语法书通读一遍,当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书,像词典一样地经常查阅,始能学得比较细致牢靠。第六 实用英语语法只应是入门的向导,像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定水平之后,就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑,影响你说和写的流利性。最后 可能还会有人说,语法应该学,就是太枯燥。我的感觉是:开头有点枯燥,过些时候,就会像嚼橄榄似的,越学越有味了。如若不信,请试试看。 薄冰高中英语语法之·联系动词和助词目 录101 连系动词 连系动词的类别 连系动词的用法102 助动词 助动词do 助动词be 助动词have 助动词shall和will 助动词should和would103 单元练习Unit 10 连系动词和助动词10-1 连系动词1 连系动词的类别 (1) 表示状态的连系动词be。除此之外,还有:stand,lie,stay,keep等。如: He is a good worker. 他是个好工人。She was very upset. 她很不安。There stands a big tree in front of the temple. 在庙的前面有一棵树。The shop stays open till five o'clock p.m. 店开到下午5点。(2) 表示动作或变化是由行为动词转化而来的。一般在这些连系动词后跟形容词作表语。常见的连系动词有:turn,become,get,grow,go等。如:His hair grows grey. 他的头发变花白了。It becomes warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。试题解析: 1. The driver said the gasoline was _ short. A. goingB. wearingC. runningD. getting【答案选C】译文:司机说汽油快用完了。 2. Soon the man _ sound sleep.A. becameB. fellC. gotD. turned 【答案选B】译文:不久这人睡着了。 (3) 表示“感觉”等的连系动词也叫“感官”动词,这样的动词有:taste,smell,sound,look,feel等。如:The song sounds wonderful. 这歌听上去很优美。The rubbish smells terrible. 垃圾闻起来很臭。A snake feels cool. 蛇摸起来很凉。An apple tastes nice. 苹果尝起来好吃。(4) 表示“终止”的系动词,表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turn out(是“证实”,“变成”之意)。如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult. 证实搜查很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表示终止性结果。)(5) 表示“像”的系动词。用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem,appear,look。 如: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。2 连系动词的用法 连系动词become,get,go,grow,turn 作“变化”解时,在实际运用中要注意它们的固定搭配。(1) 均可以表示颜色的“变化”。 如: It gets cold and leaves on the trees turn yellow. 天变冷了,树叶变黄了。Her face is becoming pale 她的脸色变白了。(苍白)Turn on the light. It's growing dark. 开灯,天色变暗了。My hair is going gray. 我的头发开始变白了。The girl is getting red in the face. 这个女孩脸红了。试题解析:She _ red at the news.A. gotB. becameC. seemedD. turned【答案选D】译文:听到这个消息她脸变红了。 (2) 均可表示“变质”,有时可以换用。 如: Milk soon goes / gets / becomes / turns / grows sour(酸)in hot weather. 在热天,牛奶很快会变酸。但在下面的句子中只能用go。These apples have gone bad. 这些苹果已经腐烂了。试题解析:The meat has _ bad.A. comeB. goneC. runD. turned【答案选B】译文:这肉已经坏了。 (3) 仅 grow,get,become 可表示“变富”,并能互换。如:Carl is getting / growing / becoming rich. 卡尔开始变富了。(4) 仅 become,get,grow,turn 可表示气候的“变化”。如:The weather turned fine. 天气变好了。The weather is becoming warmer. 天气变热了。It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气变得越来越热了。(5) 仅get,grow,become 表示年纪的“变化”,可换用。 如:He was wiser as he got / grew / became older. 随着年龄的增长,他更聪明了。试题解析:The stone steps have _ smooth.A. grownB. wornC. becomeD. gone【答案选C】译文:石阶已经变得很光滑了。 (6) 仅 become,turn,go 可直接接名词,表示“变成”什么样的人物,或表示存在的状态。如:His wish is to become a scientist. 他的愿望是成为一名科学家。He has turned thief. 他成了一个小偷。He went a child but returned a worker. 他走的时候是个小孩,回来时是个工人了。注意:turn 后跟的名词一般要省去冠词。(7) grow 所表示的“变化”常比较缓慢,多用begin to grow。如:The weather begins to grow cold. 天气开始变冷了。注意:下面的句中get,grow,become,go,turn 与其后面的词是固定的搭配,不能换用。如:She must have gotten lost. 她一定迷路了。I must get ready to start. 我得准备出发。Truth never grows old. 真理永远不会过时。They are becoming more awakened. 他们越来越觉醒了。The car was going cheap. 汽车越来越便宜了。He must have gone mad. 他一定是疯了。I turned fifty on my last birthday. 我上次过生日时已满50岁。10-2 助动词助动词本身无词汇意义,不能单独用作谓语。如:do,be,have,shall(should),will(would)等。它们在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。如:He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。(does是助动词,无词义;like是实义动词,有词义。) 如表: 功 能例 句表示时态 He is singing 他在唱歌。表示语态 He was sent to ngland 他被派往英国。构成疑问句 Do you like college life?芽 你喜欢大学生活吗?构成否定句 I don't like him 我不喜欢他。加强语气 Do come to the party tomorrow evening 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。构成虚拟语气 Hadn't been for the doctor,he would have died. 要不是医生,他就死了。最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would。1 助动词do(1) 构成一般疑问句。如:Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗?Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?(2) do not 构成否定句。如:I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。In the past,many students did not know the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。(3) 构成否定祈使句。如:Don't go there. 不要去那里。Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。但构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。(4) 放在动词原形前,加强语气。如:Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。I do miss you. 我确实想你。(5) 用于倒装句。如:Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.只有在开始大学生活时,我们才认识到英语的重要性。引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。(6) 用来代替动词。如:Do you like Beijing? 你喜欢北京吗?Yes,I do. 是的,喜欢。(do代替like Beijing。)He knows how to drive a car,doesn't he? 他知道如何开车,对吧?2 助动词be(1) be 现在分词,构成进行时态。如:They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。English is becoming more and more important. 英语变得越来越重要。 (2) be 过去分词,构成被动语态。如: The window was broken by Tom. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。 English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。be 动词不定式(1) 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。如: He is to go to New York next week. 他下周要去纽约。We are to teach the fresh persons. 我们要教新生。 但应注意: 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态的表达法。 (2) 表示命令。如: You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。 He is to come to the office this afternoon. 他今天下午要来办公室。(3) 表示征求意见。如:How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他? Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢? (4) 表示相约、商定。如:We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。3 助动词have(1) have 过去分词,构成完成时态。如:He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。By the end of last month,they had finished half of their work. 上月末为止,他们已经完成了工作的一半。(2) have been 现在分词,构成完成进行时。如: I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语,已达10年之久。I have been washing the clothes the whole morning. 整个上午我都在洗衣服。(3) have been 过去分词,构成完成时的被动语态。如: English has been taught in China for many years. 在中国英语已经教了多年。My car has been repaired. 我的汽车已修好了。4 助动词shall和willshall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。如:I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。注意:在传统语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称;但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词。试比较: He shall come. 他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)He will come. 他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)试题解析:They _ listen to the news tomorrow.A. shallB. willC. shouldD. would 【答案选B】译文:他们明天早上将听新闻。5 助动词should和would(1) should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称。如:I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。 (2) would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称。如: He said he would come. 他说他要来。 (3) would,should,could,might无词义,与动词的原形或完成时构成虚拟语气。如:We would have finished our paper if we had been given five more minutes.假如再有5分钟,我们就答完试卷了。10-3 单元练习选择最佳答案填空。(1) Jane _ to have traveled quite a lot .A. looks B. is lookedC. appears D. is seeming(2) I am 50 this year,but many of my friends say I don't _ my age. Do you think so?A. appearB. seemC. agree withD. look(3) The food you prepared _ .A. was tasted deliciouslyB. was tasted well C. tasted good D. tasted deliciously(4) Her parents wished her to be a doctor. But in the end she _ lawyer.A. becomeB. gotC. changedD. turned(5) You may _ cheated,robbed and murdered in that place.A. becomeB. turnC. getD. make(6) I'm sorry to keep you waiting.Oh,not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had beenC. were D. am(7) As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.A. read;was fallingB. was reading;fellC. was reading;was falling D. read;fell(8) Do you like the material?Yes,it _ very soft.A. is feelingB. felt C. feelsD. is felt(9) I _ to go to Taiyuan tomorrow.A. shallB. will C. am D. must(10) _ be quiet,please.A. Do B. Will C. HaveD. Does 【参考答案】(1) C (2) D (3) C (4) D (5) C (6) A (7) B (8) C (9) C (10) A专心-专注-专业