初中英语应考短语——S开头(二)(共6页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初中英语应考短语S开头(二)sooner or later 迟早;早晚近义短语early or late用法sooner or later是由两个比较级搭配而成的副词短语，表示对事物结果的一种预测，只能用于一般将来时态或表示将来含义的句子中，一般放在句子末尾作时间状语。与early or late可以互换。例如： You'll be sorry for it sooner or later/early or late.你迟早会后悔的。 He will find his shortcoming sooner or later/early or late.他迟早会发现他的缺点的。 Don't worry.He will return it sooner or later/early or late.不用担心，他迟早要将它归还的。so.that. 如此以至于近义短语such.that.用法so.that.中的so是副词，后面接形容词、副词原形或分词，that后面接结果状语从句，具体描述前面形容词、副词原形或分词的程度。在口语中，that通常省去。so.that.可与几种简单句进行转换：(1)当that后面的从句是否定句，且主句与从句的主语一致时，常与简单句too.to.(太而不能)，too.for sb.to do sth.或not.enough to do sth.(enough前面的省略号处用so.that.或too.to.结构的形容词或副词的反义词形式)转换。例如： I'm so short that I can't reach the apples on the tree.=I'm too short to reach the apples on the tree.= I'm not tall enough to reach the apples on the tree.我太矮了，够不着树上的苹果。(tall是short的反义词。) He is so young to go to school.=He is too young to go to school.= He is not old enough to go to school.他太小，不能去上学。(old是young的反义词。) This math problem is so hard that he can't work it out.= This math problem is too hard for him to work out.这道数学题对他来说太难，他算不出来。(2)当that后面的句子是肯定句，且主句与从句的主语一致时，常与简单句.enough to.(.enough to.不能用从句结构)或.enough for sb. to do sth.转换。例如： He worked so hard that he passed the exam.= He worked hard enough to pass the exam.他学习如此努力，结果通过了考试。 This maths problem was so easy that we could work it out.=This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out.这道数学题对我们来说很容易算出来。(3)当so.that中的that从句是肯定句，但其含有否定义，如：miss= not catch (up with)， fail= not pass，fall behind=not catch up with时，可以与too.to.转换，也可与.enough.to do sth.转换。例如： The movie was so sad(that)it made us cry.= The movie was sad enough to made us cry.这部电影是如此的伤感，以至于我们都哭了。(其中that可以省去。) She runs so fast that nobody can catch up with her.= She runs too fast for us to catch up with.= We can't run fast enough to catch up with her.她跑得如此之快以至于没有人能赶上她。辨析so.that.such.that.such是形容词，表示“这样的;这种”之意，其后接单数、复数名词或不可数名词;so是副词，其后接形容词、副词的原级或分词，在句子中两者可互换。但是当that前面有few/little/many/much等指数量的词时，前面只能用so，不能用such。例如： It's so hot today/It's such a hot day (that)we want to have a swim.今天天气太热，我们想游泳。(so后面接形容词hot，such后面接名词短语a hot day。) We have so much homework to do that we can't go out to play.我们有太多的家庭作业要做，不能出去玩。(此句不能用such.that.转换。) My friend is such an outstanding boy that we all like him.= My friend is so outstanding that we all like him.我的朋友是那么优秀的男孩，以至于我们都喜欢他。(so后面接形容词outstanding，such后面接名词短语an outstanding boy。)sound boring 听起来无聊用法sound boring是系动词sound+形容词boring结构，不能用于被动语态。例如：This story sounds so boring.这个故事听起来很无聊。知识拓展(1)sound表示“听起来”之意，后面接形容词作表语。类似的系动词还有appear/feel/look/seem/smell/taste。例如： Your story sounds very interesting.你的故事听起来很有趣。 Though silk feels soft and cool，it's difficult to be taken care of.丝绸摸起来既柔软又凉爽，但很难打理。 Don't eat the meat. It smells terrible.不要吃这肉，它很难闻。 The picture looks very beautiful.这图画看起来很美。(2)sound后面还可以接介词like，再后面接名词或动词的-ing形式。例如： That sounds like fun.= That sounds funny.那听起来挺有意思。 It sounded like beating a piece of metal.听起来好像是在敲打一块金属。(3)类似的短语有：feel like(感觉/摸起来像)，look like(看起来像)，seem like(似乎像)，taste/smell like(尝/闻起来像)。例如： This kind of cloth feels like silk.这种布料摸起来像丝绸。 That man looks like your uncle.那个男子看起来像你的舅舅。 The moon-cakes taste like foreigners' pies.月饼尝起来像外国人的小甜饼。 Today seems like a rainy day.今天像是个雨天。 This dish smells like Beijing Duck/Roast.这道菜闻起来像北京烤鸭。speak highly of 高度赞扬近义短语think highly of用法speak highly of和think highly of都是固定搭配短语，后面可以接人/事情或事件等，两者可以互换。例如： People speak/think highly of his deeds.人们高度赞扬他的行为。 The people who know him all speak/think highly of him.认识他的人都对他评价很高。speak to 同交谈近义短语speak withtalk to/with用法speak to是不及物动词speak+介词to结构，其中的to也可换成with，构成短语speak with。但是speak to可以用于短暂的交谈，也可用于长谈;speak with通常用于长谈。speak to可以与talk to/with互换。例如： I'll speak/talk to him about the matter.我会同他谈这件事情。 I spoke/talked with him for an hour.我同他谈了一个钟头。spend.(in) doing sth. 花费金钱;消磨/度过时间做某事近义短语spend.on. pay for用法spend.(in) doing sth.的主语通常是某人，可以搭配以下两种句子结构。(1)当后面接动词时，构成sb.+spend+time/money+(in)doing sth.结构，其中in后面必须用动词的-ing形式，in可以省略。例如： We spent a pleasant hour or two(in) talking with our friends.我们跟朋友交谈，愉快地度过了一两个小时。 She spent five hours (in)cleaning the garden yesterday.昨天，她用了五个小时打扫院子。(2)当后面接名词时，构成sb.+spend+time/money+on sth.结构，其中on后面所接名词表用途，表示“某人花费时间/金钱在某事上”之意，可以与sb.+spend+ time/money+(in)doing sth.结构转换。例如：She spent two hundred pounds on her coat. = She spent two hundred pounds (in) buying her coat.她花了200英镑买大衣。知识拓展spend，take，pay，cost的辨析：它们都有“花费”的意思，很多时候都可以互换。具体用法如下。(1)spend用于句中时，其主语通常是人。(2)take常用来表示某人花多少时间做某事，常用句子结构为it+takes/will take/took+ some time+to do sth.。句中的it是形式主语，后面的to do sth.才是真正的主语。另外，可以不用形式主语，直接用某物作主语，后面的to do sth.省去。例如： It will take him two weeks to complete the task. = The task will take him two weeks. = He will spend two weeks (in)completing the task.他完成这个任务将花两周时间。 It took the spacecraft Shenzhou about ninety minutes to fly around the earth once.“神舟六号”宇宙飞船绕地球飞行一圈约九十分钟。 The bus ride usually takes me about an hour.乘坐公共汽车通常花我大约一个小时。(3)含有pay的句子中，主语往往是人，与for搭配加某物，表示“付款;偿还”之意。常用句型是：sb.+pay+money+ for sth.(某人为买某物付钱)，pay sb.+ money(向某人付钱)，pay sb.+ money+for sth.(付给某人钱买某物)。另外，pay还可以用作名词。例如： How much did you pay for the dictionary?那本字典花了你多少钱?I paid twelve dollars for the dictionary.我花了12美元。 We pay the babysitter three hundred yuan every month.我们每个月付给保姆300元。 Did you get your pay this month?这个月你领工资了吗?(4)含有cost的句子中，主语是物，而不是人。常用句子结构是：sth.+cost +sb.+ time/money(某物花了某人时间/金钱)。例如： That book cost me five dollars. = I spent five dollars on the book/in buying the book.= It took me five dollars to buy the book.那本书花了我5美元。 Your MP3 is so nice. How much is it?你的MP3真漂亮。多少钱?It cost me $500. = I spent $500 on it/in buying it.= I paid $500 for it.我花了500元人民币。专心-专注-专业