人教版七年级下册英语各单元知识点(共31页).docx
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上人教版七年级下册英语各单元知识点Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?短语归纳1. play chess 下国际象棋 2. play the guitar 弹吉他 3. speak English 说英语 4. English club 英语俱乐部 5. talk to 跟说 6. play the violin 拉小提琴7. play the piano 弹钢琴 8. play the drums 敲鼓 9. make friends 结交朋友 10. do kung fu 练(中国) 功夫 11. tell stories 讲故事 12. play games 做游戏13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末 14.help sb with sth.用法集萃 1. play +棋类/球类 下棋,打球 2. play the +西洋乐器 弹/拉乐器 3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 4. be good with sb. / sth. 和某人相处地好,善于应付的,对有办法 be good to+名词对友好 be good for+名词 对有好处 5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事6. can + 动词原形 能/会做某事7. a little + 不可数名词 一点儿8. join the club 加入俱乐部join用作1)不及物动词,意为“参加,加入”,后面加in,表示参加某项活动2)用作及物动词,意为“加入到之中,与一道去”,后接表示人的名词或代词做宾语,表示和这些人一起进行某项活动3)还用来表示参加军队、政党、组织等,并成为其中一员,相当于become a member ofjoin the party入党 join the army参军 join the league入团4) take part in 意思是“参加,参与“,着重指积极参加有组织的活动。Many students take part in the game.9. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事10.show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看11. talk about 谈论、议论、讨论。侧重谈论的内容talk with 两个人的交谈,是指谈话的双方有交流talk to和某人说话,对某人说。一般指某人在说,对方呈“听”的状态,侧重于一人说,另一人听12. help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事13. call sb. up打电话给某人 call sb. in招来、叫来 call at 停靠,停留 call for sb.去接某人14. say指用语言表达思想,着重说话的内容。speak强调说话的动作、声音,而不强调内容。表示在正式场合发言、演讲或表示说某种语言。talk表示两个人或多个人在一起讲话、谈论,多指随意谈论。tell意思是“告诉、讲述、吩咐”,通常跟双宾语。讲故事或笑话多用tell.She loves to stories.He Russian.Can you it in English?The teacher with his students.Dont to the boy. 典句必背1. Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I cant.2. What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club. 3. You can join the English club. 4. Sounds good./That sounds good. 5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer. 6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721. 语法1.情态动词can的用法及一般疑问句Can本身不表示动作,常表示体力或脑力方面的能力1)肯定句Can+动词原形,能够/会做某事2)否定式是cant或cannot+动词原形3)一般疑问句,把can提至主语前,回答也用canShe can swim.-She cant swim.-Can she swim? Yes, she can.4)特殊疑问句还可以与疑问词一起用在特殊问句中。Who can swim?2.选择疑问句问话人提出两种或两种以上的情况,让对方选择其中一种回答。并列的两部分用or连接,意为“或者;还是”。回答不用yes或no,而是从中选择一个正确的回答Is the car new or old? Its new. I bought it only three days ago.and表示并列关系,前后成分要一致。常用于肯定句My teacher is kind and helpful.or作并列连词时,用于否定句。表示转折时意为“否则”Put on your coat,or you will catch a cold.话题写作Dear Sir, I want to join your organization (组织) to help kids with sports, music and English. My name is Mike. I am 15 years old. Im a student in No. 1 Middle school. I can play the guitar well. I can sing many songs. I can swim and speak English well, too. I think I can be good with the kids. I also do well in telling stories. I hope to get your letter soon. Yours, MikeUnit 2 What time do you go to school?短语归纳 1. what time 几点 2. go to school 去上学 3. get up 起床 4. take a shower 洗淋浴 5. brush teeth 刷牙 6. get to 到达 7. do homework 做家庭作业 8. go to work 去上班 9. go home 回家 10. eat breakfast 吃早饭 11. get dressed 穿上衣服 12. get home 到家 13. eitheror 要么要么 14. go to bed 上床睡觉 15. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/下午/晚上 16. take a walk 散步 17. lots of=a lot of 许多,大量 18. radio station 广播电台 19. at night 在晚上 20. be late for=arrive late for 迟到 用法集萃 1. at + 具体时间点 在几点(几分) 2. eat breakfast/ lunch/dinner 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 3. thirtyhalf past +基数词 点半 4. fifteena quarter to +基数词 差一刻到点 5. take a/an +名词 从事活动 6. from to 从到 7. need to do sth 需要做某事 8. 介词 at 常用于具体时刻之前,意义为“在”,如:at 5:00 在5:00钟。oclock=of the clock 表示“点钟”,其前通常是整点如:six/seven/eight oclock 六/七/八点钟。注:介词at 除了指时间以外,还可指1)人物的所在之处,如:at my uncles home 在我姑姑家, at the station 在火车站.2)朝向,如:look at me!看我! 3)指速度或价格.如:she buys the book at a good price 她以优惠的价格买了这本书。9. about与on释:about作介词,意为“关于、大约、对于”。作“关于”解,可用on代替。例如:a song about him有关他的一首歌。on作介词,意为“关于”。侧重于书籍、文章、演讲的严肃性或学术性,指可供专门研究某一问题的人阅读的书籍。例如:a book on the history 有关历史的书。注:在动词learn、read、quarrel、hear和名词story后一般用about而非on。10. tell sb. about sth.告诉某人有关某事的情况。11.write sb. a letter=write a letter to sb.给某人写信。12. start/begin to do sth.和start/begin doing sth.13.do homework意为做家庭作业,其中homework为不可数名词,这个短语=do ones lessons14. love to do sth.=like to do sth.very much.喜欢做某事,强调具体活动。love doing sth.=like doing sth. very much则强调习惯。 典句必背 1. What time do you usually get up? I usually get up at six thirty. 2. Thats a funny time for breakfast. 3. When do students usually eat dinner? They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening. 4. In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games. 5. At twelve, she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch. 6. She knows its not good for her, but it tastes good. 7. Here are your clothes. u 语法1. 频度副词常用于动词be 、情态动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前。也可放在句首表示强调常见频度副词Never, sometimes, often, usually, always1)always 意思是“总是”、“永远”,指的是没有例外,表示动作重复,状态继续,中间没有间断,通常用来修饰动词的一般时态。例如:We always get up before six o'clock.我们总是六点前起床。若修饰动词进行时,则有“老是”,“再三地”的意思,带有厌烦、不满、赞美等感情色彩。例如:You are always coming late.你老是迟到。(含有责备的意思) He is always thinking of others.他总是想着别人。2)usually(75%)意为“通常”,着重表示已习惯的动作。反义词为:unusually。例如:They usually have four classes in the morning.他们上午通常上四节课。They usually do some shopping on Sunday.他们通常星期天买东西。3)often(50%)意为“时常”、“经常”,表示常常这样,但不总是这样强调动作发生的次数,反义词为: seldom。例如:She often helps her mother with her housework after school.放学后她常常帮助母亲做家务。We often go to see our teacher.我们常去看望我们的老师。来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K4)sometimes(20%)表示“有时”、“不时”的意思,说明的是偶尔发生的事情或情况。它的位置比较灵活,可置于句首、句中、句末。例如:Sometimes I come on foot.有时我步行来。It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold here.这里有时,热有时冷。5)never“从不”,表示否定下面的排列更直观地说明了这几个词的频率的"大小",频率由高到低。always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>never2. what 意为“多么的,何等的”,用于感叹句中,修饰后面的单数或复数名词,其句式结构为:(1)What a/an +形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!what a good girl she is!她是多么好的女孩啊!(2)What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!What good girls they are!她们是多么好的女子啊!(3)What +形容词+不可为名词+主语+谓语!What terrible weather it is! 多么恶劣的天气啊!注:how也可以引导感叹句,how 为副词,在感叹句中修饰动词,形容词或副词:(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How cold it is! 多冷啊! How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊!(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语) How he loves his son! 他多么爱他的儿子啊!(3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How tall a tree it is! 多么高的一棵树啊!3. 由疑问词what time(几点)/when引导的特殊问句。1)结构:What time +助动词do/does +主语+动词原形,when+助动词do/does +主语+动词原形,“询问某人做某事的具体时间”。例如:what time do you begin class in the morning?你们早晨几点开课?注:Whats the time=What time is it?也是用来询问时间,意为“几点了”。2)回答:its例如:Whats the time? Its 7:30.几点了?七点半了。4. what his job is表示“他的工作是什么 ”,其中,what his job I 作think的宾语。英语中类似的表达很多,它们在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语等。例如:What she says is very good.她说得很好。(作主语。注意,谓语动词要用单数。)The book is just what you want.这本书正是你想要的。(作表语)I don't know what you say.我不懂你说的话。(作宾语)5. 英语时刻的表达法:顺读法和逆读法。顺读法:钟点数+分钟数。例如:4:25four twenty-five,6:58six fifty-eitht,7:seven oclock说明:这种表达不论分钟数是多少,均可使用。逆读法:分钟为+介词to/past+钟点数,可分两种情况:1)分钟为不超过半小时,用分钟数+past(/pa:st/过)+钟点数。例如:4:23twenty-three past four,5:19nineteen past five.2)分钟数超过了半小时,用(所差的)分钟的+to+(下一个)钟点为。例如:7:31twenty-nine to eight,10:58two to eleven说 明:在逆读法中分钟数逢 “五”逢 “十”可省略minute(s)。否则应加上。当然,英语习惯上把十五分钟(fifteen)称作一刻a quarter(kwo:to),三十分钟(thirty)称为half/half,因此10:30,可以用两种表达方式,half past ten,ten thirty。6. 一般现在时(to do 句型)1)句型语序:主语+谓语(行为动词)+宾语+状语2)主谓一致:主语三单,谓语三单;主语非三单,谓语用原形。3)句型转换:变疑问句首加do/does,谓语动词用原形;变否定谓语动词原形前加dont/doesnt.注:一般现在时的第三人称单数动词的变化规则:(1).一般在动词词尾加“s”。如:likelikes,playplays。(2).以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的动词,在词尾加es,如:dodoes,teachteaches,gogoes(3).以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加es。如:flyflies, applyapplies studystudies话题写作 主题:谈论日常作息习惯 My School Day I am a student. I usually get up at seven, and I eat breakfast at seven thirty. Then I go to school at eight. School starts at eight thirty. I eat lunch at twelve. I go home at 17:00. I often eat dinner at 19:00 and then play the piano. I do my homework at 20:00. At 22:00, I go to bed. Unit 3 How do you get to school? 短语归纳 1. get to school 到达学校 2. take the subway 乘地铁 3. ride a bike 骑自行车 4. how far 多远 5. from home to school 从家到学校 6. every day 每天 7. take the bus 乘公共汽车 8. by bike 骑自行车 9. bus stop 公共汽车站 10. think of 认为 11. between and 在和之间 12. one 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩 13. play with 和玩 14. come true 实现 15. have to 不得不 用法集萃 1. take to = go to by 乘去 2. How do / does (sb)get to ? 是怎样到的? 3. How far is it from to ? 从到有多远? 4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。 5. How long does it take to do sth.? 花费多长时间? 6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是. 7. Thanks for + n. / Ving 感谢你(做)某事。 8. between和 among1)among指“在(三者或三者以上)之间”,其比喻通常是一个数量不明确的复数名词,或含有复数意义的代词,而between则指”在(两者)之间”,多与and连用,其宾语往往是一个有具体数目的人或物,或者是由and连接的两个具体的人或物We visit him at his workplace among the young trees.He says that he can come between 8:00and 9:00 on Wednesday.2)当between用于三者或三者以上时,强调”两两之间”,侧重指人或物各自独立,而among强调”彼此不分”This village is among the hills.We have too many desks in our class. There is hardly any room to move between them.9.boring指事物让人感到无聊,无趣,枯燥,指事物本身无趣,主语是物 bored指人感到无聊,无趣,枯燥,指人感到厌烦,主语是人I never get bored with reading and rereading this book.10.many修饰可数名词复数,表示许多how many多少,对名词复数进行提问Much修饰不可数名词,表示许多how much对不可数名词的量及价格提问e back回来; come down 下来;come from 来自;come up上来,发生; come out出来,出版; come on加油,改进; come in进来,进入; come over短暂造访12.get to 后面常接表示地点的名词,若后接home,here,there等副词,则get后省略toarrive不及物动词,后面接地点名词时需加介词in或at,大地点用in,小地点用atreach是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语,一般不接地点副词u 语法1. how far意为“多远”,对距离进行提问,答语常用“Its+数词 +miles/meters/kilometers”也可直接用“数词 +miles/meters/kilometers”How far is it from your home to school? Its three miles.2. how long,意为“多长时间”,表示一段时间,答语常用“For/About+时间段”,也可以对物体的长度进行提问how long does it take to get there? About half an hour.3. how soon意为“将过多久,多久以后”,常用在一般将来时中,答语常用“In+时间段”I hear there will be a concert of Sun Yanzi. How soon will it start?In two days.4. 用介词短语表示交通方式,介词短语在句中作状语1) 用“by+交通工具名词”表示交通方式By ship/train/plane/taxi/bus/car/bike2) 用“by+交通路线”表示交通方式By water/land/sea/air3) 用“in/out+冠词/形容词性物主代词/指示代词+交通工具名词”来表示。其中,in多用在car等交通工具之间,而on多用在bike,motorbike,horse,bus,train等工具之前On a bike, on a bus4) On foot是固定搭配,表示步行,不能用复数形式。5. 用动词短语表示交通方式,动词短语在句中作谓语1) 用“take a the+交通工具名词”表示交通方式Take a train; take a bus; take a ship; take a plane; ride a bike2) 用某些动词来表示交通方式Walk to ; drive to; ride to; fly to6. It is+形容词+(for sb.+)to do sth.,意为“(对某人来说)做某事怎么样”It is difficult to finish the work today.Its very important for us to study English well.7. It takes(sb.) some time to do sth.句型,如果对句中的时间进行提问只能使用how long典句必背 1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike. 2. How far is it from your home to school? 3. How long does it take you to get to school? 4. For many students, it is easy to get to school. 5. There is a very big river between their school and the village. 话题写作 主题:上学的交通方式 写作思路:开篇点题:点出自己的出行方式;具体内容:自己选择这种交通方式的原因;结束语: 表明自己的观点。 The Best Way for Me to Go to SchoolDifferent students go to school in different ways in our school, but I llike to go to school on foot. First, I live near the school, so my home is not far from my school. And it takes me a few minutes to get there. Second, there is a crossing on my way to school, and sometimes the traffic is very busy. I think it is safer to go to school on foot. Third, I think walking is good for my health. Its a kind of sport and it makes me study better. So in my opinion, the best way to go to school is on foot. What about you?Unit 4 Dont eat in class. 短语归纳 1. on time 准时,按时 2. listen to 听 3. in class 在课上 4. be late for 做迟到 5. have to 不得不 6. be quiet 安静 7. go out 外出 8. do the dishes 清洗餐具 9. make breakfast 做早饭 10. make (ones) bed 铺床 11. be noisy 吵闹 12. keep ones hair short 留短发 13. play with sb. 和某人一起玩 14. play the piano 弹钢琴 15. have fun 玩得高兴 16. make rules 制订规则 用法集萃 1. Dont + 动词原形+其他, 不要做某事。 2. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 3. too many + 可数名词复数 太多的 4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事 5. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 6. be strict in sth. 对某事要要求严格 7. leave sth sp. 把某物忘在某地 8. keep + 宾语+形容词 使保持某种状态 keep sb. doing sth 让某人继续/不断地做某事9. learn to do sth. 学会做某事 10. have to do sth. 不得不做某事11.Mr /mist / 先生。用于姓前Mrs /misiz/夫人。用于已婚女子丈夫的姓前。 Miss /mis/ 小姐。用于未婚女子的姓前。 Ms /miz/ 女士。用于婚姻状况不明或不想区分婚否的女子的姓前。 sir /s /先生,阁下。一般单独使用,不与人的姓连用。 Madam /m d m/女士,夫人,太太。一般单独使用,不与人的姓连用。12.arrive late for = be late for 做某事迟到 Dont arrive late for school.上课不要迟到。13.else / other 别的,其他的else修饰疑问词或不定代词,位于其后。Other修饰名词,位于其前。 What else do you have to do? 你们还必须做什么事? I have something else to tell you.我还有别的事情要告诉你。 Where are the other boys? 其他的男孩在哪儿?14.have to / must1) have to“必须,不得不”,表示客观需要,即受客观条件限制不得不或必须去做某事。2) must表示说话人的主观看法。3) must只用于现在时,在表示过去、将来和完成时,用have to 的相应形式来代替must.My mother is ill, I have to look after my sister at home.我妈妈病了,我必须在家照看我妹妹。You must be careful. 你一定要小心。4)在否定结构中,dont have to表示“不必”,mustnt表示“禁止”15.practice doing sth 练习做某事16.too much / too many / much tootoo much“太多”,修饰不可数名词。 too much water太多水too many“太多”,修饰可数名词复数。 too many children太多孩子much too“太”,修饰形容词或副词。 much too small太小17.after school放学后 after class 下课后18.on school nights 在上学期间的晚上19.No talking! 禁止谈话! No+名词或动名词,表示禁止、不要做某事。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No parking!禁止停车! No swimming! 禁止游泳! No photos! 禁止拍照 No noise!禁止喧哗!20.I have to be in bed by ten oclock.我必须在10点之前上床睡觉。 1)in bed “睡觉,卧床”in hospital在住院 in the hospital在医院里at table 在吃饭 at the table在桌子边 2)by + 时间:在之前 by Monday 在星期一之前by + 交通工具:乘某种交通工具by the way顺便问(说)一下21.on time”准时;准点;正点” In time“及时;迟早;终于”22.hear和listenhear是及物动词,表示听见,听到,强调听到的结果,可能是竭尽全力地听,也可能是无意识地听Louder,please. I cant hear you.hear sb. doing sth.“听到某人正在做某事”hear sb. do sth.“听到某人做了某事”“hear+that”从句,表示“听说”listen是不及物动词,表示有意识或注意地听,侧重听的动作,其后必须加to才能接宾语Listen还可单独使用,用以表示“提醒注意”,经常和现在进行时搭配23. relax是动词,意为“放松” relaxing是形容词,修饰物,是“使人放松的”意思relaxed是形容词,修饰人,是“感到放松的”,有feel relaxed的结构24.bring “带来,取来”,指从别处把某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点来,也可说成“由远及近”,有方向