现在完成时讲解及练习(已用)(共6页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上现在完成时一 基本结构 ：助动词 have/has+ 过去分 词 （done）二 句型： 否定句：主 语 +have/has+not+ 过去分 词+其他 .一般疑 问句： Have/Has+ 主语+过去分 词+其他 .三用法（ 1） 现在完成 时表示 过去发生或已 经完成的动作对现在造成的影 响或结果I have spent all of my money.（ 含义是 :现在我 没 有钱花了 .）They have come here. （含义：他们现在在 这儿）（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一 时刻的,持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 for 和 since 连 用 for+时段 since+ 过去一个时间 点（译为：自从以 来） since+ 时 段 +ago since+ 从句（ 过去时） It is+时 段+since+ 从句（ 过去时）Mary has been ill for 3 days. （since 3 days ago）I have been in the university since 2002.四 has gone （to）,has been （to）, has been （in） 的 区别Have/Has gone（to） : 去了 （ 现在不在 说话现场 ）Where is your father ？ He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to） :去过 （已不在去 过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in ：呆了多久（ 还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五现在完成时的标志 现在完成时的含义是过去已经完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: 以 already, just 和 yet 为标 志He has already got her help. 他已得到她 的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电 影。以 ever 和 never 为标 志This is the best film I have ever seen.这 是我曾经看过的最好的一部 电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经 去过美国三次了。以 so far （到目前 为止）为标志He has finished all of his work so far.到目前为 止他完成了所有的工作注意： 1）现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 2） 不能与 when 连用六过去分词1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词 的过去式的构成规则相同。 (1)、一般动词，在 词尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e 结”尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3) 、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4) 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一 个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不规则动词 ：· AAA 型burst hurt let cast cut hit put set shut spreadread 原形发音为/ri:d/ 过去式， 过去分 词 发音 为/red/· AAB 型beat beat beaten· ABA 型become became become run ran runcome came come· ABB 型build built builtcatch caught caught feel felt felt· ABC 型begin began begun break broke broken choose chose chosen( buy,die,join,come ， go ,leave,join buyhaveborrow keepcome/arrive/reach/get tobe ingo out beoutleave beaway不能直接 与 for since 连 用。要改 变动词beginbe onfinish beoveropen beopenclose be closeddiebe dead七 瞬 间动词变 延续 性动词专心-专注-专业 1.have 代替 buyMy brother has had this bike for almost four years. 2 、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept the book for quite a few days. 3 、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher? 4 、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a coldsince the day beforeyesterday. 5 、用 wear 代替 put on 6 、用 be+ 代替 终止性 动词 ·用“be形容词”代终止性 动词1、2、3、be married 代 marry be ill 代 fall (get) ill be dead 代 die6、be gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen 代 open8、 be closed 代 close/shut4、be asleep 代 fall (get) asleep5、be awake 代 wake/wake up9、be missing(gone,lost) 代 lose用“be副词”代终止性 动词1“beon”代start,begin2“beup代get up3“ be back(to) ”代return to,come back to,go back to4“ be here (there) ”代come(arrive,reach,get)here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等·用“be介词短语”代终止性 动词1. “ be in/at +地点”代替 go to /come to2. 用 be in the army 代替 join the army举 例：常用瞬 间动词变 延续 性动词1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in/oant sw2. have come/gone back/returned have been back3. have com e/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have got up have been up ；6. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep ；7. have finished/ended/completed have been over ；8. have begun have been on9. have borrowed/bough t have kept/had10. have/has gone to have been in现在完成时练习（一）A) 选用 have, has 填空:1.I told him the news.2.She come back from school.B）按要求改写下列各句:4. They have bought a computer.（ 改成否定句 ）5. He has lost his book.（先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答）C) 单项选择6. -Where have you , Kate?-I've to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfather for two years.A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died8. It's six weeks I met you last.A. when B. since C. before D. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reached现在完成时练习(二)一、单项选择 。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they what's happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li ？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、 Our country a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan already in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see9、 These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone10 、 you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、His father the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12 、Do you know him well ? Sure .We friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made13 、How long have you here ? About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14 、Hurry up! The play for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began15、 It ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . Was二、句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ? （ 反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000. （ 对划线 部分提问） have they been here?3、The old man last year. He for a year. （die） （ 动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.（ 同义句 转换） This factory for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. （ 同义句转换 ）Miss Gao an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years . （同义句） Her mother the Party three years .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同义句转换 ） two years the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （ 把 两个句子合并成一个句子）三、汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作 业，他现在有空了。 Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.2、他昨天收到一封信。 He received a letter yesterday.3、我父亲以前到过长城。 My father has been to the Great Wall before.4、她还没有看过那部新 电影。She hasn't seen the new film yet.5、她去过上海。 She has been to Shanghai.6、他这些天上哪儿 去了？Where has he been these days ？参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来， 重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难 度较大，往往无 时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上 两侧根据上下 文分析、推理，正确答案是。2、现在完成时常与 already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before （以前）， yet（仍然）等连用。故 2 应选 B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/ “last一 +段 时间”等时间状语连用。因 为上述短语表示的是 从现在起往前推算的一段 时间，句中的 动作是从过去某一 时间 或时刻开始持续到现在的。故 4 应选 D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故 6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还与once （一次）， twice （两次）， three times （三次）， several times （几次）等表示重复次 数的词语连用。故 8 应选 B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有 区别：一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的 状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有 关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等）连用。故 9 的正确答案为 B。10、B11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for 和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动 词来代替。故 11 的正确答案依次 为：D。12、B 13、A 14 、C 15、A。16 、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连 用。“have/has been to + 地点”表示经“曾去过某地（但 现在已不在那儿）。”故16 的正确答案为 A。17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C二、句型转换。1、 has he? 2 、 How long 3 、died, has been dead4、 has been open 5 、 has been away 6 、joined ； ago7、It is, since 8 、 The bus has been here for ten minutes.三、汉译英。1、 Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.2、 He received a letter yesterday.3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.5、She has been to Shanghai.6、Where has he been these days ？