2018年中考英语试题分类汇编：专题1、单项选择精讲9-动词及动词短语辨析(共15页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2. (2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) Her father _ a taxi driver. Now he works for a charity.A. used to be B.is used to being C. is2. A 考查固定短语的用法。句意：她的爸爸以前是一位出租车司机，现在为慈善而工作。used to 意为“过去经常”; be used to意为“习惯于”。故选A。(2018福建A卷) 33. Grandma wants to watch the program Legal Report. Please _ the TV. A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down33. B 考查固定短语辨析。句意：奶奶想看今日说法这个节目，请打开电视。turn off关闭，turn on打开，turn down调低。由句意可知，奶奶想看电视，因此需要打开电视。故选B。(2018 湖北恩施)32. Miss Li lost her purse at my home. Please .A. give it to herB. give her itC. give it her32 A 考查动词短语的用法。结构give sb. sth. 中sth.需要用名词。如果是代词，则用give sth. to sb.31. (2018·湖北黄冈) I find it difficult to learn English well. I want to drop it. English is very important in our daily life. Never _. A. give up it   B. give it up   C. give away it   D. give it away31. B考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我发现英语很难学，我想放弃。英语在我们的日常生活中很重要，由此推知后句意为“不要放弃。”give up放弃；give away赠送；背叛。据此推知give up符合句意，give up是动词加副词构成的短语，代词作其宾语必须位于give up之间。故选B。13. (2018·江苏无锡)I dont have much money, but Id like to buy my dad something really special, if you know what I _.A. wantB. careC. meanD. prefer13. C 考查动词辨析。句意： 我没有很多钱，但是我想要买很特别的东西给爸爸，如果你知道我的意思的话。want想要；care介意，在乎；mean意思是，意味着；prefer更喜欢。根据句意可知选C。(2018·湖北荆州) 27.We are planning a Yangtze River Perfection Day this weekend. Do you have any advice?You'd better_ signs around the school to tell all the students about that.A. make up B. put up C. set up D. show up27. B 考查动词短语辨析。make up编造；put up张贴，搭起；set up建立；show up出现，露面。根据signs 可知是“张贴通告“，故选B。(2018·湖北荆州) 28.Summer vacation is coming! I am thinking about visiting some places of interest.Why not _Jingzhou and have a look at the ancient city wall? A. come out B. come along C. come up with D. come over to28. D 考查动词辨析。come out出版，发行，出来；come along 出现，到来；come up with想出，提出；come over to过来，顺便来访。根据句意“我正考虑一些参观一些名胜古迹”可知提出建议“为什么不来荆州看看古城墙呢？”。故选D。(2018湖北十堰)第一节：单项选择。（每小题1 分，满分15分） 从所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。(2018湖北十堰)32. A great person once said, “if you can follow your heart and never _, your dream will come true.” I think so. I believe I will enter a good high school this year if I try hard. A. give away B. give back C. give out D. give up32.D【解析】考查短语辨析 句意：一位伟人曾经说过“如果你能追随你的心，永不放弃，你的梦想就会成真。”我认为是这样。我相信，假如我努力学习，今年我就能进入好的高中。give away捐赠；give back归还；give out分发；give up放弃。根据语境可知是“放弃梦想”，故选D。32.（2018·湖北随州）As we _ on our new journey, we shouldn't forget where we came from.A. take out B. set out C. cut out D .blow out32.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们踏新的旅程，我们不应该忘记我们来自何处。Take out 拿出；set out 出发；cut out 删除；blow out 吹灭。根据题意选择set out on our new journey 表示动身，上路，及踏上新的旅程。故选B。30. (2018 湖北咸宁) Mary, how can I get to Xianning from Wuhan next week? Youd better take a train. _ the suitable trains in the timetable.A. Set upB. Look upC. Take upD. Put up30. B考查动词短语辨析。句意：玛丽，下周我怎么才能从武汉到达咸宁？你最好乘火车。在时刻表上找一下合适的火车。set up建立；look up查找，查阅；take up开始从事；put up搭建。结合后面的时刻表，故应是“查找”。故选B。33. (2018湖北宜昌)In the past five years, China has played an important role in the Belt and Road.It has _ many nations a great chance to communicate.A. offered B. supported C. included D. directed 33. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的五年内，中国在一带一路中扮演着重要的角色。它给很多国家提供一个交流的好机会。offered“提供”，supported“支持”，included“包括”和directed“指示”。结合句意可知A项正确。34. (2018湖北宜昌)A research suggests that walking helps people live longer.I quite agree, but it _ on when and how they walk. A. remains B. separates C. returns D. depends 34. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：调查研究表明走路帮助人们长寿。我相当赞同这一说法，但是它取决于何时和怎样走路。remain“留下；遗留”，separate“使分开”，return“返回；归还”和depend“依赖，依靠”。depend on意为“取决于，依赖”。故选D。38. (2018湖北宜昌)Were not supposed to _ those who failure.No one can be a winner all the time.A. turn out B. laugh at C. spread out D. share with38. B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不应该嘲笑那些失败的人。没有人一直是成功者。turn out“证明；结果是”，laugh at“嘲笑”，spread out“延伸；分散”和share with “分享”。结合句意可知选B。（2018山东菏泽）26. The Boeing 737 0f Cuba airline crashed（坠毁） in Havana on May 18, 2018, which _more than 100 deaths.A. caused B. influenced C. forced26.A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：2018年5月18日，古巴航空波音737客机坠毁，造成100多人死亡。caused造成；influenced影响；forced强迫。分析句意可推知：客机坠毁造成100多人死亡，故选A。（2018山东菏泽）29. During the Spring Festival, the young _kowtow磕头to the elders, but now they only give them best wishes.A. used to give B. were used to give C. were used to giving29.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：春节期间，年轻人过去常常给长辈们磕头，但现在他们仅仅是送去美好祝福。used to do sth 过去经常做某事；be used to do sth 被用来做某事；be used to doing sth 习惯做某事；根据语境可知是过去经常磕头，现在不这样做了。故选A。(2018·山西)23. If a student is able to _ somebody else what hes learnt from textbooks, it shows hes understood it well. A. post B. lend C. teach23. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个学生能够把他从课本上学到的东西教给其他的人，这就显示他已经理解得很好了。post邮寄；lend借出；teach教。课本上的所学的东西可以教给别人，一般不用来邮寄或转借。故选 C。(2018·山西)29. Nowadays China has made great achievements in many fields. We really _ our amazing China. A. take pride in B. take care of C. take an interest in29. A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如今中国在很多领域都取得了巨大的成就，我们真的为我们伟大的国家而骄傲。take pride in为感到自豪；take care of照顾，照看；take an interest in对感兴趣。根据第一句话表达中国取得的成就，很自然地我们会因它而骄傲；故选 A。(2018·江西)28. The food is very delicious in that restaurant. We could go and_it. A. sell B. help C. produce D. try28. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那家餐馆的食物非常美味。我们可以去_. sell卖；help帮助；produce产生，制作；try尝试。根据语境可知，餐馆的食物很美味，我们可以去尝试下。故选D。(2018江苏扬州)10. When will your sister go to England? She _ London since four months ago.A. went to B. has gone to C. has been to D. has been in10.D 考查现在完成时。句意：你的姐姐什么时候将去英国？她四个月前就在伦敦了。went to为一般过去时；has gone to去了某地；has been to去过某地；has been in待在某地(常和一段时间连用)。since引导的时间状语提示谓语动词用现在完成时态，修饰的谓语动词是延续性的动作或状态，用be in表示“在某地”和since表示的时间段连用。故选D。(2018江苏扬州)11. We should stop _ fireworks to reduce pollution. A. getting off B. turning off C. taking off D. setting off11.D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了减少污染，我们应该停止燃放烟花。fireworks“鞭炮”提示用动词短语set off和其构成动宾关系，表示“燃放鞭炮”。get off 下车；turn off关掉；take off脱下，起飞，都与句意不符。故选D。(2018江苏扬州)4. I offered Sandy a helping hand. However, she _ it. Maybe she can manage herself.A. received B. returned C. refused D. rewarded4.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我向桑迪伸出援助之手。但是，她拒绝了。或许她能够控制自己。receive收到；return归还,返还，回报；refuse拒绝；reward奖励，奖赏。承接上文意义，下文副词however“然而”表示的转折句意提示用动词refuse表示“拒绝”。故选C。10. (2018·江苏无锡)The king didnt take any notice of the noise in the crowd and _ with the parade. A. carry onB. carry outC. carried onD. carried out10. C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：过往根本没有注意到人群的吵闹声，而是继续游行。根据前面的“didnt”可知此处也应用过去时，故排除A和B；carry on继续进行，carry out实施，执行。根据句意可知选C。27. (2018·湖南岳阳)My grandmother is going to a hobby like shopping on the Internet.A. take up B. look up C. get up27. A考查动词短语词义的辨析。句意为：我的奶奶将要开始培养一种爱好，像网上购物。take up从事、开始(学习或某种爱好)；look up查阅、向上看；get up起床。故选A。（2018·四川自贡）27. Is that Mr. Wang in the classroom?It cant be him. He _ the village to be a volunteer.A. has been in B. has been to C. has gone to27.C【解析】考查现在完成时。句意： 那是王老师在教室里吗？不可能是他，他到村里去当志愿者了。has been in 已经在某处，并且现在还在那里，可能还要延续下去； have gone to去了某地，但是到目前为止还没有回来；have been to 去过某地，人已经回来。根据句意可知王老师已经去了，还没有回来。故选C。（2018·四川自贡）29. What do you think of the movie Fang Hua?It is moving and it _ my grandma _ the life in the countryside.A. reminds; of B. lets; down C. wakes; up29. A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意： 你觉得电影芳华怎么样？它令人感动，它让我奶奶想起乡村生活。remind sb. of是固定短语，意为“使某人想起某事”; let sb. down让某人失望；wake sb. up 唤醒某人。根据句意可知此处是指让奶奶想起乡村生活。故选A。25. (2018·四川资阳)The air in the morning is so fresh here that I_ early to exercise. A. get up B. get on C. get off D. get down25. A考查动词短语辨析。句意：早晨的空气如此的清新，我会早起床去锻炼。get up起床；get on上车；get off下车；get down下来、使沮丧、取下。根据后面的to exercise“去锻炼”可知选A符合语境。7. （2018四川泸州)The baby is sleeping. Please the radio.Sorry, Ill do it right now.A. turn upB. turn downC. turn onD. turn over7. B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：婴儿在睡觉。请把收音机的声音调小一点。对不起，我现在就做。turn up声音开大，出现；turn down声音开小；turn on打开；turn over换台。根据“The baby is sleeping”可知选B。5. （2018四川泸州)It about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth.A. paysB. costsC. spendsD. takes5. B 考查动词辨析。句意：光从太阳到地球需要大约8分钟的时间。此处是句类型：It takes time to do sth. 的搭配，A. pays用人做主语，B. costs用物做主语，主要用于花钱方面，C. spends也是用人做主语。故这三项都不符合。故选B。31. (2018·湖北襄阳)Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?Im afraid not. You cant _todays work till tomorrow. A. put off B. turn down C. give away D. look up 31. A 考查动词短语词义辨析。 句意：妈妈，我可以把家务放到明天做吗？我想恐怕不行。你不能把今天的工作推迟到明天。put off 推迟；turn down 调低；拒绝；give away 赠送；look up 抬头；查阅。今天的事明天做，应该是“推迟”。故选A。27. (2018·湖北襄阳)Is your brother at home? I want to tell him about our picnic.Oh, he is out at the moment. Can I a message for him? A. find B. give C. take D. tell27. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你的弟弟在家吗？我想告诉他有关我们野餐的事。哦，他此刻出去了。我可以给他捎个口信吗？find发现；give 给；给予；take 拿；取；tell 告诉；讲。由前句不在可推测，此处考查固定短语take a message “捎个口信”。故选C。28. (2018·湖北襄阳)China has _great progress in the fight against poverty(贫困) in the past five years.Thats true. The government has helped more than 68 million people get out of poverty. A. done B. made C. offered D. caught28. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去五年，中国在治理贫困方面取得了巨大进步。是的，我们政府已经帮助68, 000,000人们克服贫穷。由后句的成就可知，这是我们取得的进步，及固定短语：make progress。故选B。(2018·湖南怀化)28.Smoking is not good for your health. Please_.A. give up it B. give them up C. give it up28.C【解析】考查动副词组用法辨析。句意为：吸烟对你身体没有好处。请 。give up放弃，是动副词组，后跟代词作宾语时，代词必须放中间，可排除A项；从前一句内容可知只讲述了吸烟对健康不好这一件事，需用代词it可排除B项。故选C。(2018·新疆)30. Wow, your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it? Thank you. It _ me 30 dollars. A. spend B. paid C. cost D. take30. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：哇，你的毛衣很漂亮！多少钱？谢谢你。它花了我30美元。spend表示某人花费多少时间或金钱做某事，结构为Sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth./on sth.；paid表示某人为某物而付款，结构为Sb. pays (some money) for sth.；cost表示某物价值多少钱或某物花费某人多少钱，结构为Sth. costs (sb.) some money；take表示某人花费多少时间做某事，结构为It takes sb. some time to do sth. 由空格后面的me 30 dollars及主语it可知答案为C。(2018·新疆)31. Jim, its dark now. Please _ the light in the room. OK, mum.A. turn on B. turn up C. turn off D. turn down31. A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Jim，现在天黑了。请打开房间里的灯。好的，妈妈。由前句Jim, its dark now.及常识可推知，天黑了，需要打开房间里的灯。turn on打开；turn up调高；turn off关闭；turn down调低。故选A。(2018·甘肃天水)40.Always yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure.I feel the same way. One should believe in himself.A.connectB.complainC.compareD.consider40. C 【解析】考查动词的词义辨析。句意：总是把你自己和其他人_，你可能会有几顿重的压力。我也有同样的感觉。一个人应该相信他自己。connect连接；complain抱怨；compare比较；consider考虑。由“One should believe in himself”可知是指“不要总是攀比别人”，故用compare sb. with sb. 意为“把某人和某人相比较”。故选C。(2018·广西河池) 35. It's getting hot, you can _ your coat A. put off B. take off C. set off D. get off35. B【解析】考查动词短语的词义辨析。句意：天气正变得很炎热，你可以脱掉你的外套。put off意为“推迟”；take off“脱掉；(飞机)起飞”；set off“动身出发”；get off“下车”。由“get hot”可知应该是“把外套脱掉”。故选B。(2018·广西河池) 39. The boy ran out of his money to buy the book because he loved it very much. A. took up B. gave up C. picked up D. used up 39. D【解析】考查划线部分的同义替换。句意：这个小男孩用光了他的钱来买这本书，因为他非常喜欢它。选项A意为“占据(空间或时间)”；选项B意为“放弃”；选项C意为“拾起”；选项D意为“用光；用尽”。由“buy the book”可知：把钱花光了。run out of和use up意思相同。故选D。24. （2018. 贵州安顺）I think young phubbers（低头族）are supposed to the time they spend their smart phonesA. cut off；inB. cut down；onC. cut up；on D. cut in；in24. B. 考查短语动词的区别。句意：我认为年轻的低头族应该减少花费在智能手机上的时间。cut off 切断；cut up 切碎；cut in 插入；cut down削减, spend on sth.在某事上花费。故选B。(2018福建A卷) 22. Do you enjoy Chinese Folk Songs?Yes, the folk songs _ nice.A. sound B. smell C. look22. A 考查感官动词辨析。句意：你喜欢中国民歌吗？是的，民歌听起来不错。欣赏歌曲需要用耳朵听，sound 听起来，smell闻起来，look看起来。故选A。40. (2018·湖南湘西) Look! Whats on the ground? Oh, its my sweater. Please_.A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick my sweater up40. A【解析】考查动词短语用法。句意：看！地上是什么？哦，是我的毛衣。请把它捡起来。分析选项可知“捡起；拾起”用短语pick up表示。又前文中的sweater是单数形式，故后文用it代替，代词做动词短语宾语时，要放在短语中间，故选A。14. （2018·广东深圳） Jack _ to help at the underground station on Saturdays. Cool! Let's join him next Saturday.A. offers B. refuses C forgets14. A 考查动词的用法辨析。句意：杰克每周六主动到地铁站帮忙(做义工)。太棒了，下周六让我们也加入吧。 A选项表示“主动提供”; B选项表示“拒绝”; C选项表示忘记;遗忘”。原题题意为:杰克每周六主动到地铁站帮忙(做义工)。根据题意选择A。15. （2018·广东深圳） Have you noticed that Anna's spoken English is greatly improved?Yes, she sets us a good example. Hard work always_. A. makes a deal B. makes a difference C. makes a problem15. B 考查短语辨析。句意： 你有注意到安娜的口语大幅度提高了吗? 是的，她给我们树立了好榜样。勤奋刻苦总能带来改变。A项表示“达成协议”; B项表示“对.同/有影响/有改变/有重要作用;C项表示“制造问题”。根据句意选择B。21. （2018贵州黔南)The soup would_ better with more salt.A.eatB. sound.C. tasteD. feel21. C【解析】考查动词的用法辨析。句意：这碗粥如果再多加些盐会尝起来更美味。eat“吃”，是实义动词，后面不能跟形容词作表语；sound“听起来”；taste“尝起来”；feel“摸起来”。结合句意可知空格处应填taste。故选C。34. （2018广西贵港中考)Have you finished your homework, Sure?Yes. It me an hour to do it.A. spentB. tookC. costD. paid34. B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：你已经完成你的作业了吗？是的。做作业花费了我一小时。根据短语It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事，可知空格出应填took。故选A。39. （2018广西贵港中考)Many wild animals are in great danger.Lets to save them.A. take offB. take downC. take actionD. take after39. C【解析】考查固定搭配的用法辨析。句意：许多野生动物处于巨大危险之中。让我们采取行动拯救他们吧。Take off 意为脱下，起飞；take down记下；take action采取行动；take after与像。故选C。40. （2018广西贵港中考)I dont like practicing the piano.If you it, you will play it well.A. stick to B. get toC. talk toD. shout to40. A【解析】考查固定搭配的用法辨析。句意：我不喜欢练习钢琴 如果你坚持，你会弹得很好。stick to“坚持”；get to“到达”；talk to “和谈论”；shout to “对大喊”。故选A。41. （2018广西贵港中考)It seems that you have learnt a lot about Chengdu.Of course. I here for ten years.A. have been inB. have beenC. have comeD. came to41. B【解析】考查现在完成时态辨析。句意：似乎你很了解成都 当然！我已经来这里十年了。Here 为副词前不加介词in故排除选项A； for ten years “长达十年”应用现在完成时态的延续性动词表达，排除C和D。故选B。(2018 湖北恩施)26. Today, WeChat becomes very popular, and quite a lot of people like to use it to each other.A. get in touch withB. catch up withC. keep up with26 A 考查短语动词意义辨析。 原文大意是“当今，微信很受欢迎，很多人喜欢用微信相互联系。”A项表示“联系”，B项意思是“赶上”，C项为“跟上”。32. (2018河南中考) Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car. Pay no attention to him. He is just _ A. taking off B. showing off C. driving off D. setting off32. B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。杰克见人就说他买了一辆新车。别理他。他只是在炫耀。take off起飞；show off 炫耀；drive off赶走，击退；set off出发；开始。根据句意选B。26. (