2022年初二英语上册知识点集锦上课讲义.pdf
资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑初二英语上册知识点集锦1、如有 always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a.,every.用一般现在时,第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形,第三人称单数后跟动词加s/es 。2、 如有 now ,look! ,listen, at the moment .用现在进行时,结构是 be (am, is, are) +v-ing 3、如有 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间 , some day, next.用一般将来时,结构: will + v 原 /be going to +v原(没有动词用 be )4、如有 yesterday, .ago , last.just now. 用一般过去时动词加 ed5. 比较几个“花费”spend : sb. spend some time on sth. 某人花费时间做某事sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物sb. spend some money (in) buying sth. 某人花费钱买某物Cost: sth . cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱Take: It takes (took) sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花去某人时间6.else常修饰不定代词,关系代词或副词,也可修饰all, much,little 等,else要位于其后。所有格为 elses. else 修饰不定代词 something ,everything anything , nothing, somebody, anybody ,nobody 和 who, what ,when ,where 时放后。(something else )7.the number of 的数目,后跟名词复数,动词用三单, a number of =many,大量, 许多后跟名词复数, 动词用复数形式。 (a large number of ,a small number of )8.四说, 1,speak说语言, 2.say说内容, 3,talk 与谁说, 4,tell 告诉,讲述,四看,1,watch 观看电视,比赛和表演, 2,see看人,电影,医生,风景,3,read看书,报,4,look 就看。看场电影要用 see ,读书看报用 read 电视、戏剧、比赛,凡是表演用watch,observe细观察,一时注意用notice. 9. it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth. 写性格,品质 ,如:kind, good, nice , right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish等。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价,如: difficult ,easy hard, dangerous, important,等10.建议:1. why dont you do sth?=why not do sth? 2. How about doing sth?=what about doing sth? 3. You should /can do sth. 4. Remember to do sth. 5. Dont forget to do sth. 6. can you do sth ? 7. Lets do sth. 8. Itsa good idea to do 9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do? 11.Youd better (not )do sth. 回答: Thats a good idea. Thanks a lot. Great, OK. Thats right. All right. Good idea. Sure. 11.现在完成时:in the last+一段时间 ,in th past +一段时间 in the recent+ 一段时间,这三个用于现在完成时用法: 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或结果, 常与 recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still连用;表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。结构: have(has)+过去分词,12.连系动词,一是 be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,) 一感觉 feel ,二是保持 keep,三是变 become,get turn ,四是起来 taste ,smell , look, sound ,后跟形容词作表语。13.不定代词:somebody, some one 某人,anybody,anyone任何人 nobody,no one ,没人 everyone,everybody 每个人 ,something 某物 ,anything 任何物 ,nothing 没事,everything 一切事物,修饰他们的形容词放后。 (something wrong)14.such+a /an +adj+ 单数名词 =so +adj+a/an+单数名词(名前 such,形副 so,多多少少也用 so,little 属特殊, “ 小” 用 such,少用 so.) 15.交通工具的乘坐, take the(a) +交通工具to , =go.by+交通工具 =go.on /in+a(the)+交通工具 (小汽车只能用 in ,其余的可用 in ,on); 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑16.already 早已,用于完成时的肯定,; yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问;just,用于完成时17.so .that 如此.以致于 .如果 that 后是否定 ,就可以用 too.to 转换,如果是肯定就用 ,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth. 18. over,在.上面,正上方 ,中间有段空间 ,反义为 under on 在.上面,贴着物表 ,反义 beneath, above在.上方,高出,反义 below 19. none 用于三个以上的全否定,反义为all;neither 两个都不,反义为both, 23.反意疑问句 : 1)先断定,判断是否定或肯定 . 如有 not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否定 ,后面该用肯定 . 2)后找 动,观察前面的动词 ,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形 ,用 do,三单用 does, 过去式用 did, had better用 had 3)换代,主语定代词 ,三单用 he ,she ,it , 复用 they we ; somebody,nobody 类似的用 they,和 thing 一起的用4)肯定祈使句, 反问句部分可用 will you /wont you ?否定祈使句, 用 will you ?5)Lets.用 shall we? let us.用 will you?, 6)在 think ,believe, suppose+ 从句结构中等表示“我的想法、建议等”,疑问句部分与从句保持一致,同时主句的否定转移到从句中。但第二,三人称与主句保持一致: I dont think you have done it ,have you? /He doesnt think you have done it ,does he? (即:当主句人称是一,从句是二时,看二;当主句是三时,就看三。 )7)回答只针对事实作答 ;Yes+肯定,No+否定24.过去进行时用法: .表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态,一般常和at that time ,at 点 yesterday, then, last night ,this time yesterday ,the whole morning ,when I arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。 表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行 ,常与 when,while 引导的时间状语从句连用。结构: was /were +V-ing 25.感官动词 see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste 后+名词或代词 +动词原形 (表示动作已经发生 )后+名词或代词 +Ving(表示动作正在进行 ) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑26.英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时,先后顺序是“二、三、一”27.not .until 直到.才.(主句中常用非延续性动词 ) till/until 直到.为止(主句中常用延续性动词 ) 28.when,while ,as的区别When 可与持续性动词连用 ,表示一段时间 ,也可与短暂性动词连用 ,表示时刻。 主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生 .如果主从句都是短暂性动词时 ,只能用 When While 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的 动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态 ,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态.如果 主从句都是进行 时,只能用 While as与 When同义,但 as指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展. 29. no one, 一般不与 of 连用,动词用单数,只指人,一般用来回答who none ,可与 of 连用,动词可用单数或复数,指人或物,回答how many /how much引导的问句,以及含any+n 的一般问句Nothing,指物,动词用单数30.被动语态的结构是: be+及物动词的过去分词1)主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语 ,将谓语变被动语态 ,将主语变 by 宾语. 2)主+谓+间宾+直宾将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态 ,直接宾语不变. 3)主+谓+直宾+间宾+to 或 for 将直变主 ,将谓变被告 ,其余不变 .by 原主4)主+谓+宾+宾补 宾作主 ,谓变被 ,其余不变 ,by 原主. 5)主+谓+宾+宾补 (let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listen to )变为被动时,后加to 6)主+短语动词 +宾语, 宾作主,短变被,其余不变,by 原主. 7) 带有 be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to 等要将 to 后来动词变以被动语态的每种时态31.other其他的,另外的,别的;another另一个人或事物;the other两个中的另一个;the others其余的,剩下的人或事物;others其他的,另外的,别的人或物32.四个也:also,肯定,行前 be 后;too 肯定,句末;either,否定,句末;as well,肯定,句末。33.bring,从外往里拿,take ,从里往外拿,carry 无方向 , fetch 往返拿 , 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑34.across ,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行 through,从中间通过或穿过 ,里面进行 ;over 上方通过 ,不接触表面 ; 35.both.and既.又. ;neither.nor 既不.又不; either.or 要么.要么;there be有; not only.but also不仅而且其后的谓语形式采用就近原则。Both Tidy and Mary is a middle school student. Neither she nor I am reading a book now. There is one book and two pens. 36.die of 患.而死,常接 hunger, cold, illness,cancer内部原因 , die from 由于.,而死,常接 a wound ,an accident,carelessness 外部原因 , give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物how about doing sth.=what about doing sth. 做.怎么样each other 互相. thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢Thats all right. =Youre welcome.= ThatOK.= Its my pleasure.=Not at all. Why dont you+V 原.=why not+.V 原 为什么不help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事with ones help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth. 请自用食物watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事,(现在没有做,做过)watch sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see, hear类似 remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事,未做事remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事welcome back欢迎回来, give sb. some advice给某人一些建议 , make a mistake=make mistakes 犯错误 , correct spelling正确的拼写 , what else?=what other things? 还有什么a piece of advice 一条建议 , follow /take ones advice采用别人的建议 , send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人send for派人去请 /取send up发射. all the time 一直enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快lots of =a lot of =many(可数)much(不可数 )许多 , , ask for 请求,要求 , ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事a piece of一块精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事finish , practice , mind, miss , consider , keep, continue, 这些词语后跟动名词形式 V-ing place sth .in =put sth. in 把某物放在 里面take a deep breath 深呼吸 , catchhold ones breath屏住呼吸 , out of breath上气不接下气 , wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 , invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样try to do sth. 尽力做事try doing sth. 尝试做某事try not to do sth .尽力不做某事try ones best 尽某人最大的努力 , a group of 一组,一群 , borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物 , lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth. 借给某人某物keep借一段时间practice doing sth., 练习做做某事come from=be from来自 , look for 寻找 , look after=care for=take care of 照顾l oo ku p向 上 看 , 查 阅 ,l oo kl i k e 看 起 来 像 , look at 看着 , look on sb. as 把某人看作, look forward to doing sth. 盼望,期待做某事look over检查,翻阅, look out 当心,向外看, look through仔细查看 , be ready for =get ready for=prepare for 为, be ready 准备好, be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事,乐意做某事translateinto 将译成,take a message 捎个信,leave a message 留个信,be good for 对有好处,be good at =do well in擅长于 be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in 不擅长 Think of 想起,think about 想出,think over 仔细考虑,make+宾语+补足语(形容词)使某人某物怎么样。make+宾语+do 让某人做某事make+宾语+过去分词使某人被怎么样; make friends with sb.与某人交朋友,hear of听说,hear from 收到某人的来信be bad for对有害,write to 给写信,next to 在旁边,do some concerts 办音乐会,speak to sb. 和某人讲话,say hello to sb. 给某人问好,say bye to sb. 向某人说再见,show sb. around somewhere 带某人参观某地,learn sth from sb.向某人学习choose the correct answers 选择正确答案 , correct the mistakes改错, match with 把和搭配起来精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑get into=enter进入, whats the price of =how much is 问价格dream about梦到, dream of 梦见, around the world=all over the world全世界 , stay with sb.与某人呆一起stay in bed呆在床上, stay at home呆在家里 , take off 脱下,起飞 , land on/in /at 着路, all over China,全中国 , take a seat =have a seat 请坐 , come ture实现, fly to =go to .by plane(by air),坐飞机drive to =go to by car开车,walk to =go toon foot步行去sell out 卖光, at the end 在结束时 , at the end of在尽头 /结尾 , have been to去过(现在不在那儿), have gone to 去了(现在不在说话地)everyday English日常英语,first price 一等奖,The most exciting experience最激动人心的经历,before long不久,long before=soon=a little later很久以前,no problem没问题,have a problem in doing sth. 做某事有困难,work out a problem 解决一个问题,invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事invite sb to some place邀请某人去某地 , one day, 某一天, (过去或将来)some day某一天(将来), different kinds of =all kinds of 不同种类的,各种各样的,by the end of 到末为止,不迟于give a concert=give concerts举办音乐会,in the end =finally, 最后,终于,take a photo=take photos照相,店cook sth for sb.=cook sb.sth. 为某人做饭 buy,make walk to some where=go to.on foot; fly to somewhere.=go .by plane ride to somewhere=go.by bike, drive to somewhere=go to by car, a kind of 一种 , be kind to sb对某人友善since then从那时起,take off 脱下,起飞,请假, reckon=consider =regard =think考虑,认为, be reckoned (to be) , 被以为reckon.as. 相当于regard .as. 把当成in the photo,在照片里go abroad, 出国be abroad, 在国外travel abroad, 到国外旅行sell out,卖光sell to , 卖给某人sell well 卖得好 , go to sleep, 去睡觉the price of,.的价格,形容价格用high,low。sell sth at a high price, 以高价出售,sell sth at a low price, 以低价出售。yet ,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中;have a wonderful time 玩得高兴 , would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事arrive at (小地方 )/in(大地方 )=reach=get to , 到达more than ,=over, 多于less than, 少于alone,个体单独,独自;lonely,孤独,寂寞,也表示荒凉,most of. .的大多数 , a visit to 对 .的参观 , 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑on a visit to.,参观. for a visit 参观, pay a visit to ,拜访as .as. 和.一样not as .as.=not so .as 不如, be famous for 因.面著名 (原因), be famous as以.身份或产地而著名prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth 更喜欢做某事 , prefer to 更喜欢 . prefer to do sth rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 , return from a visit to 从.访问返回 , be named after 以.的名字命名 , be proud of 以.自豪, be up to sb. 由某人决定 , up to 从事于 ,忙于, space station在太空站 , show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看 , on business出差,因.公事, 在.的上面in the sky=in the air在天空中 , by air=by plane坐飞机 , in the last three years 在过去三年里 ,用于现在完成时 , the lastest news, 最新消息,share sth.with sb. 与分享某物MODULE4 get on /along with sb,与.相处, get on well with sb. 与.相处融洽hear about ,hear of 听说, in fact 实际上 , the Hope Schools, 希望学校look after=take care of =care for, 照顾drop out of school,缀学take part in, 参加pay for ,支付,付钱how long ,多长时间how soon,多久get on badly with ,与.相处不好hear from sb. 收到某人的信 ,电子邮件等on the farm ,在农场上because of因为. , sell sth.to sb.=sell sb .sth., 把某物卖给某人buy sth from .buy sth for sb. 给某人买东西get an education接受教育 , take part in=join 参加, in good/bad health身体健康 /不健康 , care about关心,在乎, take care 当心, how often 隔多久一次 , stop doing sth. 停止做某事 , stop to do sth. 停下来去做别的事 , dress /undressr+ 人, put on/wear/take off+衣, drop out 退出,离队, drop in 顺便来访 , drop out of school 退学point at 指着, point to 指向, put on ones clothes穿上衣服with the help of sb.=wiht sbs help 在别人的帮助下 without the help of sb.无人帮助的情况at home and abroad 在国内外a fan of ,. 的迷give a concert =give concerts,举行音乐会be famous for ,因.而著名 (后+人或物某方面的特点 ,特长) be famous as , 作为.而闻名 (后+身份职业 ) at the age of =when sb.was.years old, 在.岁的时候精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑not only.but also. 不仅.而且(就近原则 )上classical music, 古典音乐belong to ,属于sth belong to sb. 物属于人hear of 听说, be born出生, go through穿过, Im not sure我不确定 , Im sure肯定, make sb.+adj使某人怎么样 , make sb .do sth. 使某人做某事 , take sb. around带人四处走走 , a piece of music一首乐曲 , in addition to 除.以外, buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him 给某人买吉他 , go on with sth.继续做某事 , go on doing sth.继续做某事 , learn to do sth学做某事 , learn from sb.向某人学习 , Learn.by heart熟记,背诵, learn ones lesson from. 从. 中吸取教训 , give sb.sth=give sth.to sb. 给某人某物 , give in 投降, give up doing sth 放弃, give out 分发, give a way to 对.让步, on the earth在地球上 , may be可能是 . maybe=perhaps大概,也许In addition to . 除.以外(还有) =besides, but 除.之外,常与否定意义词连用,当 but前有 do时 but后接原形 , except,除.之外(不包括 ) on holiday 度假, of course=,sure当然all types of 呼种 , part time job,一份兼职工作on ones own独自 , be led by由.带领go on 继续, go on doing sth 继续做某事 (同一件事), go on to do sth 继续做某事 (另一件事 ), go on with sth 继续做同一件事 ,但中间暂停过 , How is it going ?=How are you getting on /along? 近况如何 ? by the river,在河边at this time yesterday昨天 的这个时候 , in a tree=in the tree ,在树上 (外来物) on a tree =on the tree, 在树上 ,(树本身的 ) smile at sb. 朝着某人微笑 , laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人fall into , 掉进,跌入fall off 掉下来 , fall behind ,落后,跟不上fall in love with, 爱上be careful,小心by mistake由于出错at taht /this time 在那/这时have nothing to do 没事可做 , nothing strange没什么奇怪的,take sth. out of . 把.从.拿出来, happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事under th hedge在树篱下面 , go down 下去, think about 考虑, think of 想起,认为, 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑think over 仔细考虑 , think out,想出think hard,努力想,努力思考What happened to sb.? 某人发生了什么事?be on 上演,go off 熄灭,停,something wrong with.,出了毛病 , lie in bed 躺在床上 , jump out of 从.跳出来 , on ones way to someplace, 在某人去某地的路上on ones way home在某人回家的路上 , from .to,从.到.(动词+Ving) wear out 穿坏,穿旧,用坏, cheer up 使振奋 ;使兴奋 , follow ones advice听从某人的建议 , look into 向.的里面看 , stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop .from doing sth. 阻止 .做某事 , what kind 哪种, a kind of 一种, all kinds of =different kinds of 各种各样的 , kind of =a bit=a little 有点, walk along 沿着.走, by mistake 错误地,无意地 , by oneself单独,独立地 , by the way, 顺便说墙的表面用 on,墙的内部用 in have something to do 有事可做, have something to eat 有可吃的东西 ,have nothing to drink 没有什么喝的东西feel tired 感到疲劳without doing sth.没做,be tired=get tired累了,during the day 一整天精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -