商务英语期末复习重点(共2页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上l The four cs model for evaluating human resources(评价人力资源的四个C模式)：l 1:competence 2:commitment 3:congruence 4:cost effectivenessl What is corporate culture?(什么是企业文化？)：is described as the personality of l an organization,or simply as how things are done around here.is a broad term used l to define the unique personality or character of a particular companyor organnization,l and includes such elements as core values and beliefs,corporate ethics,and rules of l behavior.An organizations culture is transmitted in different ways,including long standing l and often unwritten rules,shared standards about its importance,prejjudices,standardsfor l social etiquette and demeanor,established customs foe how to relate to peers and whatl is and what is and is not appropriate behavior.l Creation of corporate culture(企业文化的创建)：Three majior factors contribute to thel emergence of organizational culture.They are company founders,ecperience with thel genera business and industry environment,and contact with others.l Tools for transmitting culture(企业文化的传播途径)：symobols, stories, jargon,l ceremonies, and statements of principlel What is E-commerce?(什么是电子商务)：E-commerce is doing business through electronicl media or the practice of buying and selling products and services over the internet,utilizing l technologies such as the Web,Electronic Data Interchange,email,electronic fund trancsfersl and smart cards,without face-to-face meeting between the two parties of the transaction.l Types of E-commerce(电子商务的类型)：intra-organizational E-commerce;Business-to-Businessl (B2B)E-commerce;Business-to-Consumer(B2C)E-Commerce;Consumer-to-Consumer(C2C)E-Commerce;l Government-to-Citizen(G2C) E-Commerce;Government-to-Business(G2B)E-Commercel Compensation (报酬)：企业应该对员工进行公平而有竞争性的工资，额外福利一级其他l 形式的劳动补偿。l A work force will be an invalubale asset to the organization, and the firm should compensate them l with equitable and competitive wages and salaries,fringe benefits and other forms of rewardl What is human resources management?(什么是人力资源管理？)：It includes such basic l activities as human resource planning,recruitment,selection,socilaization,training and development,l performance appraisal,promotions,transfers,demootions,separations,and compensation.l Segmentation bases(细分依据)：Marketers can segment consumer markets according to geographicl ,demographic,psychographic,or behaviouralistic bases.Demographic segmentation bases divide a market l in terms of personal charactersitics such as age,income,education,occupation,sec,race,social class,l marital status,or family size.l The research process(调研过程)：五个步骤；Forming the research question;research design;datal collection;data analysis;choosing the best solutionl Marketing research(市场营销调研)：Marketing research is the process of systematically gathering,l analysing and interpreting date pertaining to the compants market,customers and competitors,withl the goal of improving marketing decisions.l Sole proprietorships(个人企业)：An organization that is owned,and usually managed,by one person isl called a sole proprietorship. Disadvantages:the owner is personally responsible for all aspects ofl the business.He has unlimited liability.If the business is being sued,so is the business owner.If the businessl owes money,the business owner is responsible for the debts,and the owner may have to use personal assets to pay.l Partnerships(合伙企业)：A general partnership is a business with at least one general partner who hasl unlimited liability for the debts of the business. A limited artnership is an arrangement where a personl can contribute to a business without being involved in the affairs of the partnershipp.l Mergers & Acquisitions(企业兼并和收购)：有三种，A horizontal mergerjoins firms in the same industry l and allows them to dicersify or expand their products. A vertical merger is the joining of two firms involvedl in different stages of related businesses-a manufacturer mergin with a aspplier of component products,or l a manufacturer merging with a distributor of its products. A potential competition merger(conglomerate)l unites firms in completely unrelated industries.l The marketing concept(市场营销观念)：The marketing concept is the philosophy that firms should analyzel the needs of their customers and then make decisions to satisfy those needs,better than the competition.l Difference between selling and marketing(销售与营销的差别)：Selling:1emphasis is on the product,2companyl first makes the product and then figures out how to sell it 3management is sales-volumeoriented,4planning isl shor-run,in terms of todays products and markets.5stresses needs of seller. Marketing:1emphasis l is on customerswants.2conpany first determines customerswants and then figures out how to make and deliver l a product to satisfy those wants.3management is profit-oriented.4planning is long term,in the sense of new l products,tomorrowsmarkets,and future growth.5stresses wants of buyers.专心-专注-专业