长城中英文简介(共3页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上长城修筑的历史悠久，工程雄伟浩大，是世界少有的奇迹。长城东西南北交错，绵延伏于我们伟大祖国辽阔的土地上。它好像一条巨龙，翻越巍巍群山，穿过茫茫草原，跨过浩瀚的沙漠，奔向苍茫的大海。根据历史文献记载，有20多个诸侯国家和封建王朝修筑过长城，若把各个时代修筑的长城加起来，大约有10万里以上。其中秦、汉、明3个朝代所修长城的长度都超过了1万里。现在我国新疆、 甘肃、 宁夏、 陕西、 内蒙古、 山西、河北、北京、 天津、 辽宁、 吉林、 黑龙江、 河南、山东、湖北、湖南等省、市、自治区都有古长城、峰火台的遗迹。其中仅内蒙古自治区的长城就达3万多里。 明朝在“外边”长城之外，还修筑了“内边”长城和“内三关”长城。“内关”长城以北齐所筑为基础，起自内蒙古与山西交界处的偏关以西，东行经雁门关、平型诸关入河北，然后折向东北，经来源、房山、昌平诸县，直达居庸关，然后又由北而东，至怀柔的四海关、与“外边”长城相接，以紫荆关为中心，大致成南北走向。“内三关”长城在很多地方和“内边”长城并行，有些地方两城相隔仅数十里。除此以外，还修筑了大量的“重城”。雁门关一带的“重城”就有24道之多！ 长城是我国古代劳动人民创造的奇迹。自秦始皇开始，修筑长城一直是一项大工程。据记载，秦始皇使用了近百万劳动力修筑长城，占全国人口的1/20！当时没有任何机械，除运土、运砖可以用毛驴、山羊能爬山的牲畜外，全部劳动都得靠人力，而工作环境又是崇山峻岭、峭壁深壑。可以想见，没有大量的人群进行艰苦的劳动，是无法完成这项巨大工程的。 万里长城的工程量，据粗略估计，仅以明朝修筑为例，若将其砖石、土方用修筑一道厚1米、高5米的大墙，可环绕地球一周有余。如果用来铺筑一条宽5米、厚35厘米的马路，那就能绕地球三四周了。如果把所有朝代所修的总计10万里来计算，则这道长墙可绕地球十几周，这条马路，可绕地球三四十周。 “因地地形，用险制塞”是修筑长城的一条重要经验，在秦始皇的时候已经把它肯定下来，司马迁把它写入史记之中。以后每一个朝代修筑长城都是按照这一原则进行的。凡是修筑关城隘口都是非曲直选择在两山峡谷之间，或是河流转折之处。或是平川往来必经之地，这样既能控制险要，又可节约人力和材料，以达“一夫当关，万夫莫开”的效果。修筑城堡或烽火台也是选择在“四顾要之处”至于修筑城墙，更是充分地利用地地形，如像居庸关、八达岭的长城都有是沿着山岭的脊背修筑，有的地段从城墙外侧看去非常险峻，内侧则甚是平缓，收“易守难攻”之效。在辽宁境内，明代辽东镇的长城有一种叫山险墙、劈山墙的，就是利用悬崖陡壁，稍微把崖壁劈削一下就成为长城 了。还有一些地方完全利用危崖绝壁、江河湖泊作为天然屏障，真可以说是巧夺天工了.长城，作为一顶伟大的工程，成为中华民族的一份宝贵遗产。 The Great Wall constructs history glorious, the project grand is vast, is the world unusual miracle. The Great Wall thing north and south interlock, are continuous bend down on our great motherland vast land. It looks like a great dragon, surmounts lofty hills, passed through the boundless grassland, bridged over the vast desert, rushes to the boundless sea. According to the historical literature record, some more than 20 feudal lords country and the feudal dynasty has constructed the Great Wall, if constructs each time the Great Wall adds, approximately above some 100,000 miles. Qin, the Chinese, the bright 3 dynasty repaired the Great Wall the length all to surpass10, 000 miles. Now province, the city, the autonomous region and so on our country Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan all have the ancient Great Wall, a peak fire vestige. Only Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Great Wall amounts to more than 30,000 miles. Ming Dynasty in "outside" outside Great Wall, but also has constructed"in side" the Great Wall and "in three passes" the Great Wall. "Incloses" Great Wall to build take Northern Qi Dynasty as the foundation, gets up from Inner Mongolian and west of Shanxi Pianguan, travels to the East closes, even Zhu Guanru after the wild goose gate the Hebei, then folds to northeast, after the origin, Fang Shan, Changping various counties, the direct link occupies the commonplace pass, then by the north but east, to Huairou's fourcustoms, with "outside" the Great Wall docks, take closes asthe center, approximately becomes the north and south trend. "In threepasses" Great Wall in very many places and "in side" Great Wallparallel, some places two cities are separated by only dozens ofmiles. Except for this, but also has constructed massively "the heavycity". Area the wild goose gate closes "the heavy city" to have 24 tobe many! The Great Wall is the miracle which our country ancient times theworking people created. Starts from Chin Shihhuang, constructs theGreat Wall always is a big project. According to the record, ChinShihhuang used the nearly million labor forces to construct the GreatWall, accounted for the national population 1,/20! At that time didnot have any machinery, except the earth moving, transported the brickto be allowed to use outside the domestic animal which the donkey, thegoat could climb a mountain, completely worked all must depend on themanpower, but the working conditions also were the high mountainridge, the cliff . May infer that, not the massive crowds carryon the difficult work, is unable to complete this huge project. Great Wall's resilience, according to the rough estimate, onlyconstructs take the Ming Dynasty as the example, if its bricks andstones, the folk recipe with constructs together the depth 1 meter,the height 5 meter big walls, may surround an Earth week to have -odd.If uses for to lay a strip width 5 meter, the depth 35 centimetersstreets, that could circle the Earth three all around. If repairs alldynasty the grand total 100,000 miles calculate, then this Daoistpriest wall may circle the Earth several weeks, this street, may circle the Earth 340 weeks. "Because of the terrain, fills with the dangerous system" is constructs Great Wall's an important experience, in Chin Shihhuang'stime already affirmed it, Sima Qian reads in it "Shihchi" in. Late reach dynasty will construct Great Wall all is defers to this principle to carry on. Every is constructs Guan Chengai the mouth all rights and wrongs choice between two mountains canyons, perhaps rivers transition place. Perhaps flat country intercourse, both can control like this importadnt, and may save the manpower and the material, reaches "Wan Fumo opens" effect. Constructs the castle or the beacon tower also is the choice in "looks in all directions wants place" as for to construct the city wall, fully uses the terrain, like the picture occupies the commonplace pass, Badaling's Great Wall all has is constructs along the mountain ridge back, someland sectors looked from the city wall flank is extremely precipitous, the inside then really is gentle, receives "Yi Shounan to attack" the effect. Within the boundaries of Liaoning, the Ming Dynasty distant Dongzhen's Great Wall has one kind to be called the steep mountainous place wall, to divide the gable, uses the cliff steep cliff, slightly divided truncates becomes the Great Wall. Also has some places completely using the precipitous cliff precipice, the rivers and streams lake took the natural blockade, really may say was wonderful workmanship The Great Wall, took a great project, becomes the Chinese nation a precious inheritance.专心-专注-专业