2022年动词的时态和语态2.pdf

动词的时态和语态动词的时态动词的时态一共有16 种，以 do 为例，将其各种时态的构成列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般did 进行完成完成进行一、一般体考点（一）一般现在时1. The geography teacher told us that the earth (move) around the sun. 2. Water (boil) at 100 . 3.The careless driver has just been fined $ 10 for stopping his car at a sign that (read) “NO PARKING ”.4. Whatever you (say), I will not change my mind. 5. Don t try to run before you (begin) to walk. 6. I ll go with you if I (finish) my work. 【总结】1定义：表示现在的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。时间状语： every day; often; usually; always; seldom; sometimes 2. 一般现在时可以表示或。3. 在让步、时间和条件状语从句中以及主语是祈使句时常用一般现在时代替将来时。（二）一般过去时1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she (promise)! 2. My uncle didn t (marry) until he was forty-five. 3. - You haven t said a word about my new car, Brenda. Do you like it? - I m sorry I (not say) anything about it sooner. I certainly think it s pretty on you. 4. - Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something. - Oh, how nice of you! I never (think) you (be) going to bring me a gift. 5. - Your phone number again! I (not catch) it. - It s 9598442. 【总结】定义：过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的状态。含有“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已经不这样。时间状语：then; at that time; just now; three days ago; yesterday; when 或 while 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句（三）一般将来时将来时用法例句1 will + 动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态（事物固有的属性或必然趋势）My sister ten next year. 2 be going to +动词原形1. 口语中表示“打算、计划”做某事；2. 根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；3. 用于条件句中，表将来；而will 不行It is going to clear up. We have a party tonight. If you come 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - to my house, you d better phone me first. 3 be + doing 进行时表示将来go; come; start; begin; move; leave; arrive; stay 等词可用进行时表示按照计划或即将发生的动作He to the south. Are they leaving for Europe? 4 be about to +动词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语I leave when the bell rang. The meeting is about to close. 5 be to + 动词原形表示按照计划或安排要做的事We meet at the school gate at noon. 6 一般现在时表示将来一些起止的动词come; go; leave; arrive; fly; return; start; begin; close; end; stop 等，用来表示时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情The meeting starts at five o clock. The plane at ten this evening. 【总结】1. 定义：将来某一时刻要发生的动作或所处的状态。时间状语：soon; next week; tomorrow 等2. be to + 动词原形的用法：(1) You are to do your homework before you watch TV . = have to / must “必须“(2) You are to report the police. = should / ought to “应该”(3) If we are to be there before 10, we ll have to go now. = intend / want “打算；想”(4) What are we to do next ？用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。(5) You are not to smoke in the room. = mustn t “禁止” ，用于否定句中(6) The news is to be found in the evening newspaper. = may / can “可以；可能”【题组训练】1. If a man (succeed), he must work as hard as he can. 2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to watered if they (survive). 3. Look at these clouds. It (rain). 4. - You ve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. I (go) and turn it off. 二、进行体考点1. As she (read) the newspaper, Grammy (fall) asleep. 2. The reporter said that the UFO (travel) east to west when he (see) it. 3. He always (think) of others first. 4. He is always making (make) the same mistake. 5. - Have you moved into the new house. - Not yet. The rooms (pain). 6. Shirley was writing (write) a book about China last year but I don t know whether she has finished it. 7. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not easy task because technology (change) so rapidly. 8. I don t really work here. I am just helping (help) out until the new secretary arrives. 【总结】1. 定义1）现在进行时：说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。2）过去进行时：过去某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 时间状语1）现在进行时： now; right now 等2）过去进行时： at this time yesterday等精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3. 一个长动作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作用进行体，短动作用一般体。4. 进行体表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪。常与always; continually; constantly 等连用。5. 进行体表示动作的未完成性、暂时性。三、完成体考点（一）现在完成时1. In the past few years, great changes (take) place in my hometown. 2. He (be) busy writing a book recently. 3. He (write) 8 books so far. 4. He has already turned (turn) off the light. (the light is off now) 5. Has the concert started (start) yet? (Is the concert on now?) 6. I have never seen (see) the film. (I don t know the film now) 7. I will not believe you unless I have seen (see) it with my own eyes. 8. I will go with you as soon as I have finished (finish) my work. 9. 改错1) He has come to Beijing since last year. He has been / lived in Beijing since last year. He came to Beijing last year. 2) He has joined the army for 3 years. He has served in the army for 3 years. He joined the army 3 years ago. He has been a soldier for 3 years. It is / has been three years since he joined the army. 【总结】1. 定义和时间状语：1）表示一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，（也许还将持续下去）。时间状语： lately; recently; in the last / past few years, since then; up to now; so far 等2.) 一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。时间状语： already; just; yet; never; before 等2. 在条件、时间或让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已经完成的动作3. 瞬间动词用完成时态不可以接一段时间的状语瞬间动词有：come; go; get to / reach / arrive in / arrive at; leave; buy; sell; open; close; get up; join / take part in; begin / start; return; give; borrow; lend; become; turn; bring; take; die; finish / end; receive / hear form; marry; break; lose; jump (二) 过去完成时1. She had learned (learn) some English before she came to the institute. 2. He said that he had been (be) around for 3 years. 3. By then he had learned (learn) English for 3 years. 4. Until then he had known (know) nothing about it yet. 5. I had meant (mean) to help you, but I was so busy at the moment. 6. I had hoped (hope) to meet Mr. Smith this morning, but I found nobody left in the room. 【总结】1. 定义：一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时。时间状语：before; 或从句和上下文。2. 从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作。时间状语：by then; by that time; by the end of + 过去时间3. 表示过去未能实现的愿望和意图。如：mean; expect; hope; intend; want; think; suppose 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 四、现在完成进行时1. We have been learning (learn) English for 5 years. 2. - Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? - No, but we have been trying (try) to get in touch with them ever since. 【总结】表示一个动作从过去开始， 持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。具有未完成性、暂时性和一定的感情色彩。五、 固定句型中的时态搭配1. This is the first time that I have come (come) here. It was the third time that he had made (make) the same mistake is have It / This the first / second time + that sb. done sth. was had 2. It is / has been (be) more than 2 years since we went to Tumote Middle school. It was / had been (be) ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. is / has been + 一般过去时It + 一段时间+ since was / had been + 过去完成时3. No sooner had I got (get) home than the rain poured down. Hardly had we started (start) when the car got a flat tyre. Hardly / Scarcely / Barely when + had done + + 从句（从句用一般过去时）No sooner than 4. The conference will have lasted (last) a full week by the time it ends. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left (leave). 现在时 将来完成时by the time + 过去时 过去完成时5. I was about to leave (leave) the room when the phone rang. He was doing (do) his homework when suddenly the electricity supply was cut off. sb. be doing sth. sb. be about to do sth. + when sb. be on the point of doing sth. sb. has / have done sth. 六、 高考时态易混点（一）一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 1. I read (read) the novel last month. 2. I have already read (read) the novel written by the world-famous writer. 【总结】1. 现在完成时“利用过去，说明现在” ，不能同表示过去的时间状语连用。2. 一般过去时“仅谈过去，不关现在” ，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。（二）一般过去时和过去完成时的区别1. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasn t ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost 2. - Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. - Oh! I thought they _ without me. A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone 【总结】两种时态建立的时间参照点不同：一般过去时是对说话时刻而言过去完成时是对某一时刻而言（三）现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1. I have read that book. 我已经读过那本书了。2. I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。【总结】两者都可以表示“从开始一直持续到”如着重表示动作的时，多用现在完成时如着重表示动作的时，多用现在完成进行时动词的被动语态以 do为例，将各种时态的被动语态构成列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般进行完成完成进 行一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考， 而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。（一）不能用被动语态的情况1. 不能用于被动语态appear, rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart, belong to, break out, take place等。Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. ( ) Great changes have taken place in my hometown. ( ) 2. 下列动词以及短语动词通常不用于被动语态此类动词及短语有： lack, fit, mean, hold, resemble, have, cost, equal, contain, become, last, benefit, fail, consist of, look like 等。The book costs 10 yuan. The book consists of 25 chapters. （二）主动形式表示被动意义的情况1. 用主动形式表被动意义。如look, smell, taste, fell, prove, wear, sound等。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - The flower smells sweet. The dish tastes delicious. The cloth feels very soft. 2. 某些及物动词表示事物的性质时用主动形式表示被动意义，常与等副词连用。如wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, lock, peel, iron等。The type of recorder sells well. That kind of shirt washes well. Ripe apples peel easily. 3. 等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。The book is worth reading. The children need looking after. The table wants cleaning. 4. 某些作表语的形容词后，用主动形式表示被动意义。The rock is hard to break. He is hard to please. The fish is not fit to eat. 5. 某些不及物动词如open, shut, start, act, keep, move 等与 can t, won t, doesn t 等连用时。The library doesn t open on Sunday. The door won t shut. （三）不定式符号to 在被动语态中不可省在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不带to,但在被动语态中要带to。I saw her pass by the window. She was seen by the window. The boss made Jim work overtime. Jim was made overtime. （四） get + 过去分词也可构成被动语态get 常同 marry, pay, damage, tear, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress 等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态。John and Jane got married last month. Jack got thrown out of college for failing his exams. 【注意】 get 型被动语态一般都能用be 型被动语态替代，但有些be 型被动语态可用get 型被动语态替代，有些则不行。如：She was born in a small village. The bridge is being built. （五）被动语态的固定结构be supposed to do/be 意为“应该”What am I supposed to do? He was supposed to be here at 8 o clock. 时态语态题的解题思路1.这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可参照的时间信息有哪些？（时间暗示法）2.这个动作处于什么状态？是进行中, 还是已结束（完成）？（语境推测法）3.这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 直击高考Part1. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.时态语态题在语法填空中的考查语法填空题提示词为动词时，若句中没有谓语动词， 或者虽然已有谓语动词， 但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。1. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _ (fly) to Shanghai. 2. Do you think Mom and Dad _ (be) late? No, Swiss Air is usually on time. 3. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldnt enter the house, for he _ (leave) his key at school. 4. Hurry up, kids! The school bus _ (wait) for us. 5. I felt very tired when I got home, and I _ (go) straight to bed. 6. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs_ (increase) sharply. 7. Tony, why are your eyes red? I_ (cut) up peppers for the last five minutes. 8. Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful. 9. Many trees_(plant)in the park last Sunday. 10. I m very pleased to say that our spoken English_(improve)greatly so far.Part2. 单句改错。2.时态语态题在短文改错中的考查1）分析句子成分，找出句子的主语和谓语动词；2）判断谓语动词时态语态是否准确。1. When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 2. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. 3. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. 4. I hardly remember my grandmother. I was only four when she passes away. 5. The teacher told that the sun rose in the east. 6. I havent seen her since two months. 7. The police found that the house has been broken into and a lot of things stolen. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 8. Mary is making a dress when she cut her finger. 9.If it wont rain, we will go to visit the zoo. 10. My father has bought that watch ten years ago. 高考真题1. Planing so far ahead no sense so many things will have changed by next year. (2011 全国) A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made2. I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if hepolite. (2011 全国) A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be3. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she there. （2011全国）A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain4. If you dont like the drink you just leave it and try a different one. （2011全国卷 II）A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered5. That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it us a whole week to get there. (2011 北京) A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking 6. Tom in the library every night over the last three months. （2011北京）A. works B. worked C. has been working D.had been working 7. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team four days later. (2011 上海) A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued 8. Bob has gone to California. Oh, can you tell me when he ? (2011北京) A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave9. On her next birthday, Ann married for twenty years. (2011天津)A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been10. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child everything! （2011山东）A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -