专八改错套路(共27页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专八改错套路一.词汇错误：1.名词drug dependencies-drug independencies 反义词，指药物依赖payment支付，报答-pay工资2.动词memorizing-memory memorize是及物动词，名词形式应该是memory，记忆力。不要被learning and memorizing看似的并列结构忽悠了！Employing-employedCollect-collecting Focusing-focused 集中的，做动词become的表语，more focused on3.形容词：1）形容词变名词vital-vitality 2）形容词变副词significant-significantly most很，非常-mostly主要地/通常lonely adj.孤独的-alone adv.单独地 bowling alone，修饰动词bowling3）比较级、最高级older-oldgreat-greatera readiest-the readiestmore-fewer4）复合形容词fast-pace culture-fast-paced culture fast-paced=adv+v，快节奏的5）反义词easy-difficult reasonable-unreasonable6）形近词excess额外/附加的-excessive过分/度的alive-live, 用错alive活着的，有活力的；live现场的；应该是 live theaterpredictive 预言的/预告的-predictable可预见的，意料之中的7)同义词Less不可数-fewer 可数 fewer contacts4.副词：merely-mere mere放在不定冠词之后修饰名词 a mere 18 percent of respondents5.代词he-you 人称要一致nothing-something 反义词my-our 看清楚主语！such-so so用来代替上文中出现的内容6.冠词：in the years to come，加冠词to come是不定式短语做后置定语修饰years，years被限定，administrators-the administrators 加冠词，题中两次提及administratorsa/an+adj+n. 是否要加不定冠词a number of 许多- the number of 的数目8.搭配：be doomed to，用错doomingtend to，用错attendleave work behind when they 要加behindwe will confront elitism 删掉with confront sb/sth; confront sb. with sth; be confronted withcheck in（在旅馆、机场等）登记/报道，check做及物动词时不加in, another e-mail to checka couple of years ago 加a， a couple of表示不确定的小数目any-no by any means无论如何 by no means决不/并没有no other than除外没有/正是-other than 除以外，此例删了nolook to us指望/依赖，要加toremove from-remove remove作vi时，与from搭配，作vt时，意为去掉，驱赶be used to+n/ving习惯于-used to+v过去常常二.语篇错误：with-despite，表让步的介词therefore-however 逻辑关系and-but转折关系but-and并列关系whereas-but whereas一般出现在句中，不单独成句，表示后分句对前分句的转折before-after三.语法错误：被动语态：they had all been checked out漏了beenhas been privileged 漏了beenit is understood more widely than被动，不用现在分词，被理解得更加广泛倒装句：not onlybut also的句子要看清时态，部分倒装是用have还是doso+助动词+主语的倒装形式，助动词要与前一句谓语保持一致as-nor/neither ，as是表示肯定的结构，nor/neither表示否定的结构4.and-or 举例说明的句子，前有whether，后用or5.时态人称数要一致holds-hold threaten-threatens6.形式主语itit is more likely that 不是there be 结构，that 引导主语从句，后面是主语，it是形式主语this-it this不能做形式主语7.从句Which-that 宾从中引导词不充当任何成分，应用thatwhich-where 表语从句中，引导词在句中作状语，用连接副词where引导。8.代词Themselves-itself 题中指代的是set, of ties表所属，意为关系网，所以用itselfthem-themselves 看先行词 kids found themselves failures when they grew up to be campus cops.从句：主谓宾，定状补语从句要重新复习一遍，抓主干，判断需不需要用从句？是哪种从句？需不需要连接词、关系代词、关系副词？有没有用对，需不需要修改？需不需要删除？定语从句中是否需要删除或增加which前面的of, during, in, from等等？牛人经验一：一致性错误1)主谓不一致，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。the president of the company,together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose of solvingfinancial problems. 句中主语的主词为单数名词“president”，介词短语“together with the workers”与主语无关，是插入成分，故谓语动词应用单数is。2)名词单复数有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如many, several, a number of, avariety of等等，就要变成复数形式。computer, as we all know, has manypossible use in different fields. 句中名词use前的修饰语many是用来修饰复数名词的，所以use应改为uses。3)代词与先行词一致 代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。a knowledge of several languagesis essential to other majors' study because without them one can read booksonly in translation.? without them指的是没有几门语言的知识。them错指a knowledge of several languages，因为其中knowledge是中心词，所以要把them改为it。二：时态、语态、虚拟语气错误1)时态在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感，准确判断句中动作的时态。he can't remember what he onceknows. 主句用的是一般现在时，宾语从句中有once(从前)作为明显的时间状语，因而从句中动词应用过去时knew。2)语态最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动，因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外，不及物动词不能携带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。she was very angry at not tellingthe truth when she listened to the account.句这里“她”是被告诉的对象，因而telling应改为being told。3)虚拟语气虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。we strongly suggest that henry istold about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故is应改为be或should be。类似的动词还有demand, insist, order等等。三：连接词、并列句、从属句错误这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间的串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。science is the production of newknowledge that can be applied or not, since technology is the application ofknowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like.句中连词“since”用错了，逗号前后的两个句子从句意上是对照关系，但是since使之变成了因果关系，整个句子变得模糊不清。应把“since”改成“while”或“whereas”。四：形容词、副词比较级、最高级错误这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。microwave ovens are generally morecostlier than common ovens.此句costly是形容词，意思是“昂贵的”。它的比较级形式是more costly。costlier是错误的形式，须改成costly。五：平行结构错误平行结构错误主要指在连接词and前后语法结构不对等、不平行。computer analyzed marketingreports can help deciding which products to emphasize now, which to develop forthe future, and which to be dropped.? 本句中三个平行成份which products to emphasize now,which to develop和which to be dropped结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而to be dropped应改为to drop。六：非谓语动词错误非谓语动词包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。the idea that learn a foreignlanguage is hard work is realized by every student.分析句子结构可知：the idea是主语;is realized是谓语部分;that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语，而learn是动词形式，应改为动名词“learning”。七：固定搭配错误固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及其它许多惯用法等。解答这类题的关键在于考生掌握大量的短语及固定搭配。it also takes rise to a blurringof the distinction between science and technology.? 句中“takes rise to”是错误搭配，应把“takes”改为gives。“give rise to”是固定表达，有“引起、导致”的意思。八：词性错误词性误用句中，错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词上，首先要判断词性及词在句中的位置，然后根据它们在句中所处的位置来确定词性是否正确。一般说来，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词，副词修饰形容词。we are not necessary capable ofdoing such an exacting job.? 句中形容词necessary用于修饰形容词capable,属于词性误用，应改为副词形式necessarily。九：易混词错误英语词汇中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似，如assure/ensure, rise/arise/raise,effect/affect,但是它们的用法却迥然不同。his persistence was awarded when the car finallystarted. 句中“award”是“颁发，授予(奖赏)”之义，而文中想要表达的意思是“汽车终于启动了，那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。”应把award改成reward。2019专八改错常考点之冠词冠词：不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词(右边表示正确的搭配)(1)冠词多余1. on the either side on either side2. in the Europe in Europe3. in the winter in winter (季节前不加冠词)4. take the issue take issue(对持异议，不同意)(2)冠词缺漏1. among most among the most2. one of first one of the first3. atmosphere the atmosphere(表示独一无二的事物)4. between us and rest between us and the rest5. in minority in the minority6. around floor around the floor7. piano the piano (乐器前要有定冠词)8. english language the english language9. at heart of at the heart of10. in long run in the long run2019专八改错常考点之逻辑连词逻辑连词：根据上下文逻辑关系，选择正确的逻辑连词(右边表示正确的搭配)1. therefore nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however)2. and but3. but because4. moreover however5. after before6. since although7. that if8. from now on from then on9. all none10. if unless11. besides except12. therefore because13. so because14. thats why +结果 thats because +原因2019专八改错常考点之形容词副词混用形容词副词混用：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词或整个句子(右边表示正确的搭配)1. be well equipped as be as well equipped as2. heavy industrialized heavily-industrialized3. spread colossal spread colossally4. similar strong similarly strong5. feel hopeless thwarted feel hopelessly thwarted6. comparative high proportion comparatively high proportion7. in the passed 5 years in the past 5 years8. culture embedded attitudes culturally embedded attitudes9. increasing increasingly10. simple simply11. pure purely12. much many【1】固定搭配（箭头右边表示正确的搭配）1. in return to in return for 报答2. substitute a with b substitute a for b 用a代替b3. account 20%  account for 20% 占据比例4. attitude on life attitude towards/to life 对生活的态度5. in a quick speed at a quick speed 高速6. with many respects in many respects 在许多方面7. considerations to considerations for 考虑8. become victims of   become victims to  成为牺牲品9. the problems with the government the problems for the government 政府的难题10. resistance of resistance to 抵抗11. embark sth. embark on sth. 着手做某事12. with the belief that  in the belief that 信仰，相信13. at advance of sth. in advance of sth. 提前，在之前14. interpret to interpret as 把解释为15. take pride of take pride in 骄傲16. leap out to leap out at 扑过来17. inject them lethal strains inject them with lethal strains 注射18. charge him the same price charge him with the same price 收费19. imbalance of a and b imbalance between a and b a与b间的不平衡20. shortage of protein with them shortage of protein among them 他们缺乏蛋白质21. fortify sb. for sth. fortify sb. against sth. 加强以抵御22. cast/ throw/ shed light to sth. cast/throw/ shed light on sth. 给提供线索23. in proportion with in proportion to 与成比例24. pay for it with dollars pay for it in dollars 用美元支付25. be in liberty to be at liberty to 不受限制或支配26. be contrasted to be contrasted with 形成反差，对立27. commit an offence to commit an offence against 犯罪行为28. ability of (doing) sth. ability in (doing) sth. 做某事的能力29. defend sth. against defend sth. from 保护不受伤害30. at the first place in the first place 首先31. take to do take to doing 求助于，开始32. yearn to yearn for 渴望33. at average on average 平均34. identify oneself to identify oneself with 参加到中35. be successful on doing be successful at/in doing 成功做某事36. get ones teeth on get ones teeth into 埋头做，认真做37. approach to do approach to doing  做某事的方法38. succeed doing sth. succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事39. demand of luxury goods demand for luxury goods 对奢侈品的需求40. differ a from b  distinguish a from b 把a和b区分开【2】形近异义词的区分1. adapt v. 收养 adopt v. 采纳2. confirm v. 批准，确认 conform v. 遵守3. former adj. 前者的 formal adj. 正式的4. diary n. 日记  dairy n. 牛奶场5. personal adj.私人的 personnel n.人员6. beside prep. 在旁边 besides adv. 除了7. principal adj. 主要的 principle n. 原则8. conscious n. 意识 conscientious adj. 认真负责的，良心的9. stationary adj.固定的，不动的 stationery n. 文具，办公用品10. considerate adj. 体贴的 considerable adj. 大量的11. affect v. 影响 effect n. 影响12. contact v. 联系 contract v. 收缩13. moral adj. 道德的 morale n. 士气14. industrious adj. 勤奋的 industrial adj. 工业的15. desert n. 沙漠；v. 抛弃 dessert n. 甜品 1个s是沙漠，2个ss是甜品16. require v. 要求  acquire v. 获得，习得 inquire v. 咨询17. presence n. 出现，出席 presentation n. 展示18. transformation n. 改变 transmission n. 传播19. value n. 价值 evaluate v. 评估，测评20. tense n. 时态；adj. 紧的 tension n. 紧张21. cooker n. 厨具 cook n. 厨师22. complexity n. 复杂性  complex n. 合成体23. insurance n. 保险 assurance n. 担保24. provide v. 提供 provided/providing 如果25. perceive v. 理解 conceive v. 构想，设想26. effective adj. 有效的 affective adj. 受影响的27. latter adj. 后面的 later adj. 后来28. late adj. 迟的，已故的 latest adj.最晚的，最新的29. farther adj.距离更远 further adj.程度更进一步30. healthy adj.健康的 healthful adj.有益健康的31. continual adj.连续的 continuous adj.持续不断的32. respectable adj.可敬的; 体面的 respectful adj.值得尊敬的33. historic adj.有历史意义的 historical adj.有关历史的34. rise vi. 出现 raise vt. 提高35. producing v. 生产 productive adj. 产量高的36. lonely adj.精神上寂寞 alone adj.单独，一个人37. across prep. 从中间穿过（介词） cross v. 穿过（动词）38. permit n. 通行证 permission n. 允许39. memorizing v. 记住 memorable adj. 值得纪念的40. normal n.常态，通常标准 norm n. 规范，行为标准41. acceptability n. 可接受性 acceptance n. 接受42. economical adj. 节俭的 economic adj. 经济的43. agent n. 代理人 agency n. 代理机构44. reward n. 回馈 award n. 奖赏45. special adj. 特殊的 specific adj. 特定的【3】逻辑连词：根据上下文逻辑关系，选择正确的逻辑连词1. therefore nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however)2. and but3. but because4. moreover however5. after before6. since although7. that if8. from now on from then on9. all none10. if unless11. besides except12. therefore because13. so because14. thats why +结果 thats because +原因【4】冠词：不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词(1)冠词多余1. on the either side > on either side2. in the europe > in europe3. in the winter > in winter (季节前不加冠词)4. take the issue > take issue(对持异议，不同意)(2)冠词缺漏1. among most > among the most2. one of first > one of the first3. atmosphere > the atmosphere(表示独一无二的事物)4. between us and rest > between us and the rest5. in minority > in the minority6. around floor > around the floor7. piano > the piano (乐器前要有定冠词)8. english language > the english language9. at heart of > at the heart of10. in long run > in the long run【5】形容词副词混用：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词或整个句子1. have been currently > have been current2. be well equipped as > be as well equipped as3. heavy industrialized > heavily-industrialized4. spread colossal > spread colossally5. similar strong > similarly strong6. feel hopeless thwarted > feel hopelessly thwarted7. comparative high proportion > comparatively high proportion8. in the passed 5 years > in the past 5 years9. culture embedded attitudes > culturally embedded attitudes10. increasing > increasingly11. simple > simply12. pure > purely13. much > many【6】成分残缺、多余1. a world which i could get a world in which i could get2. the idea shows the idea that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词不可省略)3. take for granted that take it for granted that4. one of the most glaring form one of the most glaring forms5. their jobs engage in their interest their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表示“占用（某人时间），吸引（某人注意力）”)6. complain about sth. complain sth.7. work sth. work out sth.8. believe in believe (believe单独使用表示一般的“相信”，believe in表示“信任某人，信仰”)9. 20 percents 20 percent10. eyes contact eye contact11. seven seventh12. the process which it function the process by which it function13. communication service communications service (通信服务、通讯服务)14. average incomes average income (income为不可数名词)15. the like of the likes of (诸如此类的)16. be referred to xx be referred to as xx200个搭配a act as  充当,起作用 act for  代表,代理 adhere to  遵守,坚持answer back  无礼回嘴,顶嘴 answer for  对负责,承担后果 answer to  对有反应,适应,符合 apply to  适用于,应用于  b be as good as one' s word  守信 be compatible with  与兼容的(合得来的),相符 be consistent with  与一致,符合 be cut out  本质上适宜或适合 be exposed to  暴露于 be frugal of  节约的,节俭的 be guilty of 有.罪be independent of  独立于be indicative of  暗示的,表明的 be particular about  对挑剔   be positive of/about   对一肯定的,对有把握的 be reduced to   使陷入不良境遇 be relevant to   与. 相关的be sensitive to  对敏感的 be susceptible to  易受影响的,过敏的,易受感动的 bring down the house    博得全场观众的喝彩 buy/sell sth on credit    赊买(卖)某物 by chance  偶然地 by heart    用心by/in comparison with   与相比 by means of   依靠,凭借  c candidate for   候选人，人选check on   检查，阻止claim for sth   要求collision with sb/sth    碰撞冲突comment on/about     对的评论complaint of/about    报怨，控告compromise between/on     折中，妥协concentration on sth     专心，集中精力concentration of sth     集中，聚集concern about/for/over      担心confidence in      对，的信任相信connection between     关系，连按consent to sth     同意clear of     没有，不接触contest for sth    争夺，竞争contradiction between     矛盾，不一致contrast to/with sth      对比，对照