现在完成时时态讲解(共4页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上现在完成时时态讲解一、意义现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。They have left. -他们已经离开了（也就是说现在他们人不在这里）I have had my lunch. -我已经吃过午饭了（也就是说我现在不饿）二·谓语动词的构成形式： have /has (助动词)+done(过去分词)三、基本句型结构 肯定句 He has finished the work. 否定句 He has not finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he finished t he work? 两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt 特殊疑问句 What has he done? 四·用法：1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 例：Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, I have finished my homework now. 2.过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 例：I have lived here since 1990.3在下列情形下用现在完成时already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 ，在句尾表示强调 例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已经 ，还 用于否定句和疑问句句尾 例：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾经 句中 例：Have you ever seen pandas?never从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 句中 例：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before. so far到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words. how long多久 例：How long have you lived here? how many times多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing? have<has>gone to去了某地 例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京) have<has>been to去过某地 例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)For two monthsfor +一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。6. 延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow7. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用，所以终止性动词不能用于现在完成时态的肯定句。但是非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时的否定句中。若非延续性动词要在现在完成时的肯定句中，必须将其改为相应的延续性动词。 He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用） 应改为： He has been dead for three days. 举例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here 例：I have come here for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away 例：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on 例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed 例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead 例：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over 例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch have 例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years. 例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep 例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错） 改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：break be broken get up be upmarry be married become be lose be lost用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Thanks a lot. Its sunny again. It _(rain) for a long time.2. _Mr. Li _(live) here since 8 years old?3. Since Mr. Li came here, he _(teach) in this school.4. Its the third time that I _(see) him this month.5. Is your mother at home? -No, she _(go) to work.6. Her mother _(become)a doctor in 1970. She _(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.7. He _(teach) English here since we _(see) him 5 years ago.8. How many times _you _(be) to Beijing?Only once. I _(go) there two years ago.9. Ive lost my cat. _you ever _(see) it anywhere?10. My parents are not at home. They _(leave) for Shanghai.11. Wait here, please. The train _(not arrive) yet.12. Where is my dictionary? -Li Ping _(take) it away.13. I _(lose) my pen, and I _(look)for it now.14. I _(not see) such a strange thing before.15. He joined the Party in 1990. He _(be) a party member for 10 years.16. How long _Uncle Wang _(work) in this factory? Since 1995.17. So far the children _(learn) 1,000 English words.18. _you _(mend) your bike? Yes. I mended it a moment ago.19. Ill tell him the news that our class _(win) already.20. She _(stay) here for over 5 years.21. The box is empty. Who _(eat) all the cakes?22. He has found his bike .When _he _(find) it?23. Her sister _ (go) to Shanghai. She _ (leave) this morning.24. My friend Wang Hai often _ (swim) in the river.25. The teacher _ (reach) Beijing two days ago.每处划线中有错误，在题后改正1. Jim has bought the book for just 3 days.2. Uncle Wang has died for 3 years.3. I have gone to Beijing three times.4. Jim isnt here. He has been to Beijing. He went there this morning.5. She has lived there since 8 years.6. Has he been a teacher for 1990?7. I lived here since 3 months ago.8. Have you finished the work yet? -Yes, I did.9. Jims brothers has made many kinds of kites.10. He has taked the books away.按要求句型转换Kate has already finished the homework.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_两回答：_ 特殊疑问句：_I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I_ already_(see) the film. I_(see) it last week.2. _he _(finish) his work today? Not yet.3. _ you _(be) to Hong Kong? Yes, I _(be) there twice.4. you ever _ (eat ) chocolate sundaes （圣代）? No, never.5. My father_ just _(come) back from work. He is tired now.6. Where's Li Ming? He _(go) to the teacher's office.7. Shanghai _(be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _(become) a large city.8. I _(work) here since I _(move) here in 1999.9. So far I - (make) quite a few friends here.10. How long _the Wangs_(stay) here ? For two weeks.II. 句型转换 _1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasn't come to school because he's ill. (就划线部分提问)_ _ he come to school?3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问)_ _ _ _learned English?4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写)I_ just _a new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago. (改为同义句)We_ English _three years.IV. 用for 或since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland_ three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country_1974.6. The bus is late. We've been waiting_20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _October. 宾语从句.一. 定义: 在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。二语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即主谓语序.三连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，可省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：I don't know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 但在下列情况下只能用whether：1.具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往 用whether.如： Let me know whether he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。 I don't know whether he does any washing or not（I don't know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether we go我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用whether。如： I'm interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。 在不定式前用whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I don't know whether to go我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：aPlease let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？四时态 含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I don't know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didn't know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。五注意：if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？Sorry，I don't knowWhen he comes back，I'll tell you对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。I don't know if he will come我不知道他是否会来。He will come if it doesn't rain如果不下雨，他会来的。习题(一)1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled习题(二)1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty A. who B. what C. when D. that2 I don't know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didn't know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose习题(三)1. They don't know their parents are. A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year. A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know _ A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _ A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing习题(四)1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if2. I don't know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where3. We never know _ the old man is. They say he is a teacher. A. what B. who C. which D. where4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when5. Do you know _ I'm going to see himSorry, I don't know.A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived6. W here do you think _ he _ the computerSorry, I have no idea. A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning.A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what the matter was D. what wrong was8. Where is Jack He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _ . A. that B. which C. where D. there感叹句解析我们都知道感叹句是用来表达较为强烈的情感如惊讶、喜悦等的句子。英语中的感叹句常用What或How来引导，它们与所修饰的词位于句首，其他部分用陈述句语序.感叹句在表达清楚的情况下，可以省略主语和谓语。但在运用时，一定要结合上下文。常用的句型有：1 What + a / an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他成分！= How + adj.+ a / an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他成分！例如: What a strong boy he is! 他是多么壮的一个小伙子啊！ What an honest girl Mary is!玛丽是一个多么诚实的小女孩啊！2What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！例如: What brave soldiers they are! 这些士兵们真勇敢啊！ What fine weather it is today! 今天的天气真不错啊！3How + adj.+ a / an +名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！例如: How e
