教师资格《初中英语学科知识与教学能力》第一章英语语言知识（上）.docx

教师资格初中英语学科知识与教学能力第一章英语语言知识（上）第一节 语音知识（江南博哥）1 单选题 Which of the following is the proper pronunciation of“his cat”in real life?A.B.C.D.正确答案：B 参考解析：his中最后一个音z受cat第一个音k的影响，发生清音化现象读做s。结合句子重读规律，物主代词his一般弱读，名词cat重读。故选B。2 单选题 A_ is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added.A.rootB.stemC.free morphemeD.suffix正确答案：B 参考解析：考查英语语素。root“词根”，stem“词干”，free morpheme“自由语素”，suffix“后缀”。词干是可以附加屈折词缀的语素或语素群。故选B。3 单选题 Which of the following correctly describes the English phoneme/t/?A.A voiceless alveolar fricative.B.A voiceless post-alveolar affricate.C.A voiced palatal affricate.D.A voiced alveolar fricative.正确答案：B 参考解析：考查辅音分类，按发音方式分，t属于塞擦音(affricate)；按发音部位分，t属于齿龈后音(post-alveolar)；按声带震动与否，t属于清辅音。故选B。4 单选题 k is not fully pronounced in_.A.parkB.backC.keyD.picture正确答案：D 参考解析：在picture中，k后出现塞擦音t，发 生不完全爆破，选D。5 单选题 A teacher is teaching students to speak words by circling the syllable that should be pronounced strongly. What is the teacher teaching in this activity?A. Stress of words.B.Pronunciation of syllables.C.Intonations and rhythms.D.Pronunciation of each letter.正确答案：A 参考解析：题干中教师让学生圈画单词中重读的音节，显然是在教授单词的重音，故选A。6 单选题 Which of the following shows the proper rhythmical pattern of the sentence?A.On my 'way to school, I 'lost my wallet.B.'On 'my 'way to 'school, I 'lost my 'wallet.C.On my 'way to 'school, I 'lost my 'wallet.D.'On my 'way to 'school, I 'lost my 'wallet.正确答案：D 参考解析：一般来说句子中的实词要重读，虚词多数情况下不重读。但是当介词位于句首时，往往要重读。并且，语流中要遵从轻重音节交替出现的规律。故选D。7 单选题 In English, the aspirated ph and the unaspirated p are_.A. in phonemic contrastB.minimal pairsC.two distinctive phonemesD.in complementary distribution正确答案：D 参考解析：ph和p都是p的音位变体，p只出现在咝音后，ph出现在其他位置，它们处于互补分布状态。8 单选题 In English if a word begins with a i or a r,then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a(n)_.A.assimilation ruleB.sequential ruleC.deletion ruleD.grammar rule正确答案：B 参考解析：考查音系规则。序列规则指支配音素水平组合的音系规则。9 单选题 English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. in terms of_.A.manner of articulationB.openness of mouthC.place of articulationD.voicing正确答案：A 参考解析：考查辅音的分类。辅音根据发音方式(manner of articulation)的不同可以分为爆破音、摩擦音、鼻音、滑音、边音和塞擦音。10 单选题 In terms of the manner of articulation, the following sounds p t g d share the feature of_.A.affricateB.fricativeC.lateralD.stop正确答案：D 参考解析：爆破音(stop)包括Pbtdkg。11 单选题 A says" He has gone to London. " What should B say if he wants to show doubt?A. He has gone to London.B.He hasn't gone to London. C.Has he gone to London? D.He has gone to London? 正确答案：D 参考解析：A项为陈述句，肯定所述内容；B项为否定句，否定所述内容；C项表示询问，非怀疑；D项为陈述句，但用疑问语调，表示对所述内容的怀疑。故选D。12 单选题 The following is a dialogue for students to practice. Can you distinguish which phoneme the teacher is guiding students to practice? A.wB.eC. æD.m正确答案：C 参考解析：考查语音教学的内容。此对话中的单词大部分都含有æ音，所以此对话的目的是在练习æ音，故选C。13 单选题 A high back lax rounded vowel refers to_.A.æB.:C.D.正确答案：C 参考解析：考查元音的语音特征。æ属于低前非圆唇松元音，:属于中后圆唇紧元音，属于高后圆唇松元音，属于中央非圆唇松元音，故选C。14 单选题 There is/are_consonant cluster(s) in the word" infrastructure".A.0B.1C.2D.3正确答案：D 参考解析：consonant cluster意为“复辅音”。一个音节中两个或更多的辅音结合在一起叫作复辅音，一般处于音节的开头或结尾。infrastructure中含有三个复辅音，即frstr和kt 。15 单选题 The phrase" I'd like to" involves_phenomenon.A.progressive assimilationB.liaisonC.regressive assimilationD.incomplete plosive正确答案：D 参考解析：爆破音d后面紧跟边音I时发生舌边爆破；两个爆破音kt相邻时，第一个爆破音发生不完全爆破。故选D。16 单选题 The sounds that begin and end the words" church"and"judge" are voiceless and voiced_ , respec-tively.A.stopsB.fricativesC.affricatesD.plosives正确答案：C 参考解析：church开头和结尾的音都是t；judge开头和结尾的音都是d，它们都属于塞擦音， 选C。17 单选题 Which of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the English plural morpheme?A.sB.zC.D.IZ正确答案：C 参考解析：英语复数词素-s-es在不同语音环境下有不同的发音方式。一般情况下在清音后读s，在浊音后读z,在咝音后读Iz。18 单选题 Since p and b are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be_.A.in phonemic contrastB.in complementary distributionC.the allophonesD.minimal pair正确答案：A 参考解析：音位对立(Phonemic Contrast)与互补对立(Complementary Contrast)相反，指最小对立中的两个音位出现在同一个位置并能够区别意义。19 单选题 Which of the following words does not have consonant cluster?A.Spring.B.Master.C. Test.D.Stream.正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查辅音连缀。辅音连缀是指在同一个音节内，有两个或两个以上的辅音音素结合在一起，并且在这些辅音中间没有元音的一种语音现象。A项中的spr为辅音连缀；C项st为辅音连缀；D项中str为辅音连缀。而B项中虽然s和t从表面上看是结合在了一起，但是根据发音可知，它们分别属于不同的两个音节，故B项中是没有辅音连缀的。20 单选题 Which of the following is a Suprasegmental feature?A.Deletion.B.Voiced.C.Stress.D. Stop,正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查超音段特征。超音段特征是指大于一个音位的语音单位所表现出来的音强、音长、音高等语音特征，主要包括音节、重音、语调及声调。故本题选c。21 单选题 The phoneme/rd in the following words changes to/EXCEPT_.A.bankB.foundationC. langueD.function正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查语音的同化。齿龈鼻音和软腭音相邻时，其发音部位变化，发成软腭鼻音，A、D两项中齿龈鼻音n后跟的是软腭音k，所以n发成软腭鼻音，C项中齿龈鼻音后跟的是软腭音g，n也发成软腭鼻音，而B项中n后跟的是爆破音d，所以n的发音不发生改变。故本题选B。22 单选题 Which one below has the proper word stress?A.systematicB.SystematicC.systematicD.systematic正确答案：A 参考解析：本题考查多音节词的重音。以-ic结尾的英语词汇的重音往往落在倒数第二个音节上，例如linguistic，photographic，economic。故本题选A。23 单选题 Which of the following is a front vowel in English?A./u:/B. /C./e/D./:/正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查元音的分类。根据舌最高部分的位置，单元音可分为前元音(front vowel)、中元音(central vowel)和后元音(back vowel)。选项中的e属于前元音，属于中元音，u:和:属于后元音。故本题选c。24 单选题 The following phrases exemplify the loss of plosion at the junction of words EXCEPT_.A.keep goingB. that carC. delicious appleD. a thousand pardons正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查语音的爆破现象。前一个单词以爆破音结尾，紧随的单词以爆破音开头，这时前一个单词末尾的爆破音只做发音的姿势，刚要发出时，立即发出第二个爆破音，这种现象叫作失去爆破，如，keep going中的p失去爆破，只做口型并没有真正发音；that car中的t失去爆破；a thousand pardon中的d失去爆破。而C项中的delicious以s结尾，s不属于爆破音，紧跟的音素为元音æ，所以不存在失去爆破现象。故本题选C。25 单选题 Which of the letter “a” in the following words has a different pronunciation from others?A.baseB. sakeC. lameD. dam正确答案：D 参考解析：本题考查开音节单词发音。根据开音节发音定义可知，包含单个元音字母加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音的字母e构成重读音节的单词为开音节单词。而在开音节中元音字母发本音。所以A、B、C三项都是开音节单词，单词中字母a都发的是/e/的音。但是D项中dam是闭音节单词，字母a发的是/æ/的音，故本题选D。26 单选题 The similarity of the English consonants/,/and/h/is that they are all_.A.fricativeB.affricateC. plosiveD.approximant正确答案：A 参考解析：本题考查辅音的分类。根据发音方式来分，/，/和/h/都属于擦音。fricative“擦音”affricate“塞擦音”，plosive“爆破音”，approximant“近音”。故本题选A。27 单选题 How many liaisons of sound are there in the sentence “Tell us all about it” ?A.One.B. Two.C.Three.D. Four.正确答案：D 参考解析：本题考查语音的连读现象。liaison意为“连音，连读”。在连贯地说话或朗读时，在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中，如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾，后者以元音音素开头，就会自然地将辅音和元音连读。本句中Tell US，US all，all about和about it：ISZ为连音，故本题选D。28 单选题 The vowel/u:/ in /fu:d/(food) is a (an)_vowel.A.backB.frontC.unroundedD.central正确答案：A 参考解析：本题考查元音的发音特征。根据发音时舌最高部分的位置，元音可分为前元音、中元音和后元音。根据唇的圆展，元音可分为圆唇元音和非圆唇元音。u：属于后圆唇元音。故本题选A。29 单选题 In English, the phonemes of/t/in “top” and “stop” are_.A.nasalB.approximantC.minimal pairD.allophones正确答案：D 参考解析：本题考查音系学。top中的th是送气音，stop中的t是不送气音，两者是同一音位t的音位变体。故本题选D。30 单选题 Which of the following has a plosive through the nasal?A.Start now.B. Good luck.C. Make sure.D. What time.正确答案：A 参考解析：本题考查爆破音。A项start now为“t，d+鼻音m，n”形式，t，d在词尾需通过鼻腔爆破；B项good luck为“t，d+边音l”形式，t，d在词尾需由舌两侧爆破；C项make sure为“爆破音+摩擦音”的形式，爆破音不完全爆破；D项what time为“爆破音+爆破音”的形式，前一个发不完全的爆破音。故本题选A。31 单选题 Which of the following words does not contain a fricative?A.Five.B.Change.C. Show.D.Three.正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查擦音。change含有两个塞擦音t和d，不含擦音。A项含有擦音f和v，C项含有擦音，D项含有擦音。32 单选题 Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop?A./t/B./m/C./p/D./b/正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查辅音的发音特征。题干：哪个是不发声的双唇爆破音?爆破音包括p，b，t，d，k，g。因此首先排除B。在另外三个选项中，p，b都是双唇音，t是齿龈音，而b是发声的双唇音。故本题选C。33 单选题 Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A.chemistryB. brochureC. echoD. stomach正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查ch组合的发音。ch组合在B项单词里的发音为，在A、C、D三项单词里的发音均为k。故本题选B。第二节 词汇知识1 单选题 When the idea of winning in sports is carried to excess, _competition can turn into disorder and violence.A.honestlyB.honestC.honorableD.honorary正确答案：C 参考解析：考查近形词辨析。honestly是honest的副词，不能修饰名词；honest“诚实的”;honorable“光荣的，可敬的”；honorary“(学位、称号等)作为一种荣誉而授予的，名誉的”。句意为“当体育中的必胜意识发展到极端时，光荣的竞争可能变成混乱和暴力”。故选C。2 单选题 Children may get into some bad habits_ they lack self-discipline.A.whenB.unlessC.thoughD.until,正确答案：A 参考解析：考查连词辨析。句意为“孩子们可能会养成一些坏习惯，_他们缺乏自律性”。因前后句是条件关系，故空缺处应填的是表示条件的连词，though表示让步，until表示时间，故排除C、D。当unless作为连词时表示“除非，如果不”，含有否定意义，相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式，unless=ifnot。这里when相当于if引导条件状语从句。3 单选题 The choice that has a plosive through the nasal is_.A.start nowB.good luckC.make sureD.what time正确答案：A 参考解析： 式，爆破音不完全爆破；D项what time为“爆破音+爆破音”的形式，前一个发不完全的爆破音。故选A。4 单选题 John had never been abroad before, _he found the business trip very exciting.A.becauseB.thoughC.whileD.so正确答案：D 参考解析：考查逻辑关系及连词辨析。根据句意“约翰之前从未出过国，因此他觉得商业旅行很令人兴奋”。so“因此”，表示因果关系，后接结果，符合句意。其他三项均不符合题意。5 单选题 The need for sleep varies _ from person to person.A.conservativelyB.alternativelyC.considerablyD.influentially正确答案：C 参考解析：考查副词辨析。conservatively“保守地，谨慎地”，alternatively“二者择一地，作为选择，或者”，considerably“非常，相当地”，influentially“有影响地，有力地”。四个选项中，只有considerably能修饰动词vary，表示程度，句意为“不同的人对睡眠的需求差异相当大”。故选C。6 单选题 The dilemma for modem people is that they hate cell phones whereas they cannot live_ them.A.withB.withoutC.onD.for正确答案：B 参考解析：考查介词。句意为“现代人的困境就是他们讨厌手机但是离开手机他们又活不下去”。without表示否定，“没有，无”，符合题意。7 单选题 The relationship between "furniture" and "desk" is_.A.superordinateB.antonymyC.hyponymyD.homonymy正确答案：C 参考解析：考查语义学中的涵义关系。hyponymy“上下义关系”，体现的是概念上的种属之间的关系。在上下义关系中，概括性较强的词为上义词(superordinate)，特定性较强的词为下义词(hyponyms)。题干中的furniture“家具”与desk“桌子”为上下义关系，桌子属于家具，家具是上义词，桌子是下义词。antonymy“反义词”，homonymy“同形异义词”。故选C。8 单选题 What vocabulary learning strategy does the following activity help to train? The teacher created a situation and asked students to think of words and expressions that can be used in that situation.A.Association.B.Generalization.C.Collocation.D.Contextualization,正确答案：D 参考解析：考查词汇教学。该教师在词汇教学中创造情境，让学生了解词汇在具体情境下的使用，意在训练学生在情境中学习词汇的学习方法，故选D。9 单选题 Teaching, a test of_, intelligence, and teamwork skills, requires a lot of energy.A.patienceB.positionC.privacyD.direction正确答案：A 参考解析：考查名词辨析。patience意为“耐心，忍耐，容忍”，position意为“位置，方位，职位”，privacy意为“隐私，秘密，隐居”，direction意为“方向，指导，趋势，用法说明”。句意为“教学是对人的耐力、智力和团队合作技能的测试，需要大量的精力”。故选A。10 单选题 The words "make" and "chair" are called _ because they can occur unattached.A.derivational affixB.bound morphemesC.free morphemesD.inflectional affix正确答案：C 参考解析：考查语素的类型。自由语素(free morpheme)是指能够单独出现，即能够独立成词的语素。黏着语素(bound morpheme)不能单独使用，要与其他语素共同使用才能构成词。defivational affix“派生词缀”，inflectional affix“屈折词缀”词缀是只能附着于另一个语索上的语素，其本质是黏着的。题干中的make和chair都可以独立存在。都是自由语素。11 单选题 When the word"law" means"the whole system of rules that everyone in a country or society must obey", it´ s _ meaning.A.connotativeB.conceptualC.associativeD.complementary正确答案：B 参考解析：考查意义类型。connotative meaning“内涵意义”，指一些附加的，尤其是带有情感色彩的意义；conceptual meaning“概念意义”，指词典中所标注的意思，即字面意思；associative meaning“联想意义”；complementary meaning“互补意义”。law(法律)这里是概念意义。12 单选题 Which aspect do students focus on when they learn the usage of vocabulary?A.Spelling.B.Lexical rules.C.Collocation.D.Pronunciation.正确答案：C 参考解析：考查词汇教学。当学生学习词汇的用法时，学生应注意词汇的搭配(collocation)、短语(phrases)、习语(idioms)、风俗(style)和语域(register)等，故选C。A、B、D三个选项均属于词汇的信息(basic information)。13 单选题 No doctor would like to see a change for _worse in a patient;they hope he or she can improve in _ health soon.A.the ;/B.the ; theC./;theD./;/正确答案：A 参考解析：for the worse“向坏的方面发展，恶化，更坏”；improve in health“健康有所改善”；两者都为固定用法。14 单选题 Much to her delight, two _ neighbors showed up and several of them even brought with them some candies and cookies.A.dozenB.dozen ofC.dozensD.dozens of正确答案：A 参考解析：考查表示确切数字的用法。当dozen与具体数字连用时，既不用复数形式，也不和介词of连用。15 单选题 The word" motel" is formed via word formation rule of_.A.clippingB.blendingC.acronymD.combining正确答案：B 参考解析：motel是由motor和hotel混合而成的，故选B。16 单选题 Which of the following statements best explains the reading strategy of inferring?A. Locating specific information the readers want from the text.B. Moving eyes quickly to get the gist of the text.C.Glancing quickly through the text to find a specific piece of information.D.Making use of clues to discover the meaning of unknown elements.正确答案：D 参考解析：inferring意为“推理，猜测”，是从文本的字里行间推测深层含义的能力。17 单选题 Vocabulary building strategies outside classrooms include reviewing regularly,_, organizing vocabulary effectively, and using learned vocabulary.A.neglecting the meaningB.remembering the translationC.reciting the spellingD.guessing meaning from the context正确答案：D 参考解析：考查词汇积累策略。课外积累词汇的方法有：定期复习、根据语境推测词义、及时整理词汇和运用学过的词汇。18 单选题 -There is a smile on Miss Li's face. She must be_with Sam's work. -I think so. No one did as as him in our class.A.angry; wellB.pleasing; goodC.strict ; goodD.pleased ; well正确答案：D 参考解析：“angry”生气的；“strict”严格的；“pleas-inf”令人满意的，主语通常为物；“pleased”(感到)满意的，主语为人。根据题意第一空填pleased；第二空修饰的是did，须用副词，故用well。19 单选题 In 1776 the United States announced the Declaration of Independence to_from the British Empire and became an independent country.A.pull downB.break awayC.get offD.drop off正确答案：B 参考解析：pull down“拆毁，拖垮”；break away from“脱离，摆脱”；fet off'出发，离开”；drop off“减低，减少”。句意：美国于1776年颁布独立宣言，宣布脱离英帝国的统治，成为一个独立的国家。20 单选题 One of the main reasons for getting students to listen to spoken English is to let them hear varieties and _, rather than just the voice of their teacher with its own idiosyncrasies. In today's world, they need to be exposed not only to one variety of English, but also to varieties such as American English, Australian English, Indian English and so on.A. languageB.mother tonguesC.accentsD.natives正确答案：C 参考解析：在实际生活中，由于地域差别和说话者个人的发音差别，人们说的都不是标准英语，而或多或少都带有口音，因此听力教学中要听口语，使学生熟悉英语变体和口音，以提高学生的听力水平。21 单选题 Look at the real-life situation below ;the purpose of listening is_."A housewife listens to her neighbour's greeting in a supermarket. "A.to get informationB.to be amused