英语介词连词数词(共36页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上辅 导 讲 义教师陈观玲科目英语上课日期2014.总共学时学生年级上课时间第几学时类别基础提高培优科组长签字教务主管签字校区主任签字一、教学目标：介词.连词.数词1、掌握介词的定义和用法2、掌握连词的定义和用法3、掌握数词的定义和用法二、上课内容： 1、介词的定义和用法2、连词的定义和用法3、数词的定义和用法 4、介词.连词.数词的基础练习 5、介词.连词.数词的提高练习三、课后作业： 介词.连词.数词的练习题 四、家长签名（本人确认：孩子已经完成“课后作业”）_介词一、介词的概念 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的词与句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用，可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语在句中可以作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. (定语)那边的那个男孩儿是约翰的哥哥（弟弟）。The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)那个女孩儿将在两小时以后回来。Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)我们的英语老师来自澳大利亚。Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)随便吃些鱼吧。二、介词的用法讲解1. 表示时间的介词表示时间的介词主要有at, in, on；具体区别如下： （1）表示时间点用at。例如：at six oclock 在六点钟 at noon 在中午 at midnight 在午夜 （2）表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the ninth century 在第九世纪 in 2002 在2002年 in May在五月in winter 在冬天 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon在下午 （3）表示具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上时，用on。例如： on Monday 在周一 on July 1st 在七月一日on Sunday morning 在星期日的早上表示时间的介词还有before（在前）, after（在后）等。例如：before ten oclock 在十点前 after breakfast 在早饭后2. 表示地点或者方位的介词或词组（1）at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面上”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 他昨天到达上海。They arrived at a small village before dark. 他们在天黑前到达了一个小村庄。There is a big hole in the wall. 墙上有一个大洞。The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 老师在墙上挂了一张画。 （2）between，amongbetween指在两者之间，among指在三者或三者以上的人或者物之间。例如：The library is between the post office and the market. 图书馆在邮局和市场之间。The teacher is among the students. 老师在学生们中间。 （3）in front of，in the front ofbefore in front of表示在(物体外部的)前面，in the front of表示在(物体内部的)前面，before既可以作介词也可以作连词，既可以表示在某时间和位置的前面，也可以表示在顺 序或次序的前面。例如：In front of our classroom, there is a big tree. 我们教室前面有一棵树。There is a big TV set in the front of our classroom. 在教室的前面有一台电视。Please come before ten oclock. 请在10点钟以前来。He puts his work before everything. 他把工作放在第一位。 （4）in the middle of, in the center of1）center中心、中央，该词大体上接近于几何概念，即一个圆或一个球内的一点，这一点与周围的任何一点的距离相等，也可喻为政治商业中心。2）middle表示的中间，是相对而言，笼统的中部包括了中心再加上中心周围部分，middle可用于空间、时间或某项活动中间。因此，in the center of the park一般翻译成“公园中心”，而in the middle of the park是“公园中部”，范围比center大。 （5） across，through，past，over表示从某一个物体的表面横过、穿过用介词across; 从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过、横过用介词through; 从旁边经过用past；指在某物上方“通过、越过”，与表面不接触，用over，常用来指“越过（篱笆、墙）等。例如：They swam across the river. 他们游过了河。The boys go through the forest quickly. 这些男孩子快速地穿过树林。They drove past a big supermarket. 他们开车经过一家大超市。The birds fly over the city. 鸟儿飞过城市。 （6）beside, by, near, next to1）by和beside均表示“在旁边”，常可换用。例如： She stood by the window. 她站在窗边。 The hotel is beside (/by) the river. 那家饭店在河边。 Come and sit beside (/by) me. 过来，坐在我边上。 2）next to 指“紧靠着的旁边”，意思和by与beside接近，有时互换。例如：The new house next to the library is my house. 那座紧挨着图书馆的新房子是我家。Come and sit next to (beside /by) me. 过来坐在我旁边。3）near指“在.附近，接近，近”，表示的距离比by和beside远一些。例如：There is a post office near his home. 他家附近有一个邮局。His home is very near. 他的房子就在附近。常见的表示地点的介词或者词组还有：behind，inside, outside, along, across from等，需要同学们在以后的学习中不断的总结。3. 其他介词（1）about about意为“关于，对于”，例如：The American girl wants to learn about Chinese history.那个美国女孩儿想要了解中国历史。（2）fromfrom 意为“从，自从”；常构成词组“from to”。例如：I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我从周一到周五去学校。How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai? 从北京到上海有多远？（3） withwith 意为“与一起，附有，使用”等意思。例如：He has a house with a small garden. 有一个带着小花园的房子。Can you play with me? 你能和我一起玩儿吗？（4） of of 意为“的，属于的”常用来表示所属关系或者构成一些词组。例如：Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。What kind of movie do you like? 你喜欢哪一种电影？（5）toto意为“向，到，对”。例如：Let me tell you the way to my house. 让我告诉你去我家的路。Scotland is to the north of England. 苏格兰在英格兰之北。（6）forfor 意为“对于，为了，以为代价，（时间持续）之久”等。例如： For breakfast, he likes eggs, bananas and apples. 早餐他吃鸡蛋、香蕉和苹果。For boys, we have socks for only five dollars each.对于男孩子，我们有仅仅五元一双的袜子。（7）as , likelike与as作介词，都有“像”的意思。但有一定区别。1）like意为“像一样”。用于相似关系，即两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处，但并不等于。2）as意为“作为；以身份”。用于说明同一关系，即两者实为一体。例如：She talks to me like my mother.她像我妈妈那样跟我说话。（她不是我妈妈）She talks to me as a mother.她以妈妈的身份跟我说话。（她是我妈妈）例题讲解一、用适当的介词填空。1. The hotel is next _ the supermarket.2. Is there a park _ the neighborhood?3. There is a restaurant _ the library and the school.4. The school is across _ the bank.5. Where is the bank? Its _Bridge Street.6. The broom (扫帚) is _ the door. We cant see it.7. They will arrive _London next Monday.8. Walk _ Seventh Avenue. The hotel is _ your left.9. I put some flowers next _my window.10. Excuse me. Is there a fruit market_ here? 二、 选择填空。1. _ the afternoon of March 8, the woman in the city had a big party.A. To B. In C. At D. On2. Does your father go to work, _ foot or _ bike?A. on; with B. with; on C. by; on D. on; by3. Lucy was _ duty yesterday, but she forgot to clean the classroom.A. in B. on C. at D. of4. How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? Im going there _ my car.A. by B. in C. to D. on5. We walk _ the park and enjoy our meal under a tree.A. across B. on C. between D. through6. You have to turn left _ the first crossing.A. on B. in C. at D. to7. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday.A. on B. at C. in D. for8. Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A. in/inB. in/onC. from/toD. to/in9. He said that he would meet us _ the cinema.A. in B. at C. on D. of10. Can you tell me the way _ Shanghai Zoo? A. toB. atC. forD. towards11. This patient will be operated _ Sunday.A. in B. at C. on D. by12. He had very little to eat and only a cold place to live _.A. in B. on C. by D. for13. I called _ his house but found him out.A. at B. on C. for D. out14. _ no means can you hope to learn maths well without a lot of practice.A. By B. In C. On D. For15. I dont quite agree _ you _ that point.A. to; about B. with; for C. to; with D. with; on16. You can go there _ my car.A. byB. in C. on D. at17. Take this medicine and drink plenty of water，youll be fine _ 2 days.A. in B. after C. later D. since18. We were all disappointed _ the news that their team had been beaten.A. in B. on C. for D. at19. Ive got tired _ walking and want to have a rest.A. of B. with C. for D. at20. The nurses in that hospital are very good _ the patients there.A. at B. for C. to D. with课堂练习选择最佳答案1. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday.A. on B. at C. in D. for2. What do you usually do _ Christmas?A. on B. at C. in D. for3. The first class begins _ 8 oclock _ the morning.A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on4.We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till5. We will have a football match _ this Saturday afternoon.A. on B. / C. inD. for6. He came to see you _ the evening of May 10th.A. in B. at C. on D. for7. The supermarket is still open _ midnight.A. at B. on C. till D. /8. Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A. in/in B. in/on C. from/to D. to/in 9. Children get presents _ Christmas and _ their birthday. Granny is coming for lunch_ Christmas day.A. at/on/on B. on/on/on C. at/in/at D. in/on/in10._ New Years Eve people usually dont go to bed until midnight.A. At B. On C. For D. In11. Tom and Paul usually watch TV _ weekends.A. at B. in C. for D. /12. He said that he would meet us _ the cinema.A. in B. at C. on D. of 13. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A. on B. at C. inD. besides14. Lucy is waiting _ No.3 bus stop _ her father.A. for/for B. for/at C. at/for D. at/at15. Do you often listen _the program _ the radio.A. to/of B. to /in C. to/on D. on /to16. Can you tell me the way _ Shanghai Zoo?A. to B. at C. for D. towards17. Thank you _ your coming.A. to B. of C. by D. for18. Mr Li is going to help him _ his Chinese this afternoon.A. with B. on C. by D. at19. Let me introduce her _ you. A. with B. on C. to D. for 20. Tom has made friends_ many Chinese students.A. with B. to C. by D. among21. Can you find out the answer_ these questions?A. of B. for C. to D. with22. Dont forget to bring your text book _ you.A. in B after C. with D. to23. Can you sing this song _ English?A. with B. in C. by D. for24. Who is the boy _ blue trousers?A. in B. on C. with D. at25. Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes.A. under/of B. in/towards C. in/ for D. under/for26. How many students go to school _ foot?A. by B. in C. on D. with27. I will make a trip _ Europe this summer. A. for B to C with D. of 28. My mother send a postcard_ me every year.A. to B. for C. by D. with29. Lets make a cake_ Daming; he likes cakes.A. to B. for C. by D. with30. There are lots of animals _ the grassland. A. at B.on C. in D. by课后练习一. 单项选择。1. Your computer is _ to the door.A. behind B. on C. in D. next2. The map is _ the wall _ our classroom.A. on; on B. of; on C. on; at D. on; of3. Look! The window is _ the wall and the picture is _ the wall.A. on; on B. in; in C. in; on D. on; in4. Where is my ball? I cant see it. Look! Its _ the door.A. on B. in C. at D. behind5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile _ her face.A. on B. to C. in D. at6. My father is ill (生病), He is _.A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed7. There is a map of China _ the wall (墙) in the classroom.A. in B. on C. under D. at8. There are three windows _ the wall.Ain B. on C. at D. to9. There are many oranges _ the tree. A bird _ the tree is eating an orange.A. in; on B. on; on C. in; in D. on; in10. What time do you usually go to bed?I usually go to bed _ 11:00.A. in B. on C. at D. for11. We can see _ old bike _ the tree.A. a; under B. the; at C. an; in D. an; under12. My hats and coats are _.A. on the bed B. under desk C. in room D. under the my bed13. He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a hole _ it.A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at14. Don't read _ the sun.A. at B. under C. with D. in15. The boat is passing_ the bridge.A. through B. below C. under D. across二. 用适当的介词填空。1. A boy is _ the tree.2. Can you pick(摘) the apples _ the tree?3. There is a picture _ the wall.4. There are two windows _ the wall.5. I live _ Shanghai. 连词一、 连词的概念连词是连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的一种虚词，在句子中不能单独作句子的成分，一般不重读。连词基本可以分为：1) 简单连词： 如：or，and，but，if，because2) 关联连词： 如：both，and，not onlybut also3) 短语连词： 如：as if，as long as，in order to，so that二、 连词的用法A. 并列连词1) 表示平行或者对等关系，常用的有and，so，not onlybut also（不仅而且）， bothand(两者都)，neithernor（既不也不.）等。 Not only does he love the teachers, but also the teachers love him. 他爱老师，老师也爱他。2) 表示转折关系，常用的有but，yet（然而），while（然而）等。 I am poor，but I am very happy. 我很贫穷，但是我很愉快。3) 表示选择关系，常用的有or，eitheror（或者或者）， not but (不 是而是)等。： You may go with us，or you may stay at home. 你或者和我们一起去，或者呆在家里。4) 表示因果关系，常用的有：for (因为)，so（因此）等，此时for不能放在句首。 He must sleep, for his room is dark. 他一定睡了，因为房间是暗的。B. 从属连词1) 引导时间状语从句，常用的有：before，after，when，while，until，since，as soon as等。 I will come to tell you as soon as it comes out. 结果一出来我就来告诉你。2) 引导原因状语从句，常用的有：because（因为），as（因为），since（既然） Because it was too late, we took a taxi. 因为天晚了，我们打了一辆出租车。3) 引导结果状语从句，常用的有：so that（如此以致于），suchthat（如此以致于）， so that（结果）等。 She was so careless that she forgot to write her name on the paper. 她那么粗心，都忘记在卷子上写名字。4) 引导条件状语从句，常用的有：if，unless（除非），as long as（只要）等。 We will come here if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好的话我们就来这里。5) 引导让步状语从句，常用的有：though，although，even if（即使），however（无论怎样）等。 We were still working though it was very late. 尽管很晚了我们仍然在工作。6) 引导比较状语从句，常用的有：as，than，so/ asas，more than。 This book is more interesting than that one. 这本书比那本更有兴趣。7) 引导地点状语从句，常用的有：where， wherever等。 Please stay where you are. 请呆在你现在的地方。8) 引导名词性从句（如宾语从句），常用的有：that，if，whether，who，whom，what，which， whose，when，where，why，how。 Can you tell me when they got there? 你能告诉我他们是什么时候到那里的吗？ I think that hell be back soon. 我认为他们不久就会回来。三. 连词使用时的几个注意事项1）not only but also, neither nor , either or, not but接主语时，谓语动词按就近原则处理。Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。Not money but workers are what we need. 我们需要的不是钱，而是工人。2）祈使句，+and/ or +简单句，前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的简单句表示结果，or意思为“否则”。Hurry up, and well catch the bus. 快点，我们就能赶上车。Hurry up, or well be late. 快点，否则我们会晚的。3）英语中连词because和so一般不能同时在一个句子使用，同样连词although和but也不能同时在一个句子中用。这一点和汉语完全不同。Though he is young, he can help his mother a lot. 虽然他很小，但是能给他妈妈帮很多忙。（无but）It was too hot in the room, so he took off his coat. 因为房间里很热，所以他脱掉了外套。（无because）例题讲解I. 用and, but, or或so填空。1. Hurry up, _ youll be late for school.2. Whos the youngest, Rose, Helen _ Betty?3. Work hard, _ you will succeed.4. Ill see you either on Monday _ on Tuesday.5. Put your coat on, _ youll be cold.6. His bike is broken，_ he has to walk there.7. The old man has no money, _he cant buy food to eat.8. The sky is blue _ everything is beautiful.9. We were very tired _ we were very happy.10. He never