教师资格《初中英语学科知识与教学能力》第一章英语语言知识（下）.docx

教师资格初中英语学科知识与教学能力第一章英语语言知识（下）第三节 词法知识1 单选题 The old man adopted two sons, both of _working abroad.A.whomB.themC.thatD.who正确答案：B 参考解析：考查独立主格结构。后半句是由“代词+现在分词”构成的独立主格结构，因此用them。如果将working改成were，则用whom，后半句有独立的主语和谓语，是非限定性定语从句。2 单选题 -The song "Where did the time go?" _the old days and the love of my family. -Sure. It´s also my favorite song.A.helps me outB.cheers me upC.regards me asD.reminds me of正确答案：D 参考解析：考查动词短语辨析。help sbout“帮助某人摆脱困境”，cheer sbup“使某人振作起来”。regard as“把看作”，remind sbof"使某人想起某事”。根据语境，时间都去哪儿了这首歌让我们想起了过去的日子和家人的爱，可知选D。3 单选题 "Good/bad" is an example of_.A.gradable antonymyB.relational oppositesC.converse antonymyD.complementary antonymy正确答案：A 参考解析：考查反义关系。反义关系是对立关系的专业术语，它有三个主要类型：等级反义关系(gradableantonymy)、互补反义关系(complementary antonymy)和反向反义关系(converse antonymy)。等级反义关系的词语表示的性质在程度上具有差别，对一方的否定并不一定是对另一方的肯定。比如goodbad，longshonbigsmall。互补反义关系，指对一方的肯定必然是对另一方的否定，二者不能同时出现，为互补关系，比如alivedead，presentabsent，boygirl。反向反义关系只是表示两者之间的一种反向关系，并不表示肯定、否定的对立。比如sellbuy,givereceive，parentschildren，teacherstudent。故选A。4 单选题 She told her children that they must not _play with matches.A.by no meansB.in no senseC.on any accountD.to good account正确答案：C 参考解析：考查介词短语辨析。by no means意为“决不”，主要表示否定(语气较强)；in no sense意为“决不”；on any account意为“无论如何”；不存在to good account的介词短语。句意为“她告诉她的孩子们，他们无论如何都不能玩火柴”。故选C。5 单选题 Students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the final exam.A.isB.beingC.have beenD.to be正确答案：D 参考解析：expect to do sth为固定用法。此处expect后跟的是there be结构的动词不定式形式。句意：学生们希望期末考试前开展更多的复习课。6 单选题 What is the conversation mainly talking about? X :They've been to Mongolia,haven't they? Y : No ,THEY haven't, but WE have.A.Who has been to Mongolia.B.They haven't been to Mongolia.C.Where haven't they been to.D.Why didn't they go to Mongolia.正确答案：A 参考解析：由x和Y的对话可知，Y强调的是“我们”去蒙古了，而不是“他们”。因此对话强调的是“谁”去蒙古了，选A。7 单选题 A teacher who advocates the Grammar-Translation method usually adopts _ way of teaching grammar.A. inductiveB.deductiveC.indirectD.direct正确答案：B 参考解析：语法翻译法提倡用演绎法教授语法。8 单选题 -Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely mined. -I wish they_always late.A.weren'tB.hadn't beenC.wouldn't beD.wouldn't have been正确答案：A 参考解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。wish的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。题干中出现了always，因此判断是与现在事实相反的愿望，因此从句使用一般过去时，选A。9 单选题 The word" denaturalization" consists of_ morphemes.A.3B.4C.5D.6正确答案：C 参考解析：denaturalization包含5个词素，分别为de-，nature，-al，-lze，-atlon。10 单选题 Do you think_a good idea that he sold the vegetables at half price_ let them go bad?A.it's; as well asB.it; rather thanC.it's; instead ofD.it; as good as正确答案：B 参考解析：句意：他半价卖掉了蔬菜，而不是让它们坏掉，你觉得这是个好主意吗?think，consider等动词后常跟it作形式宾语，这句话中真正的宾语是后面的that从句；rather than意为“而不是”，符合句意。as well as“也，和一样”；instead of“而不是，代替”，后接动名词；as good as“与一样好”。11 单选题 He appreciated_ the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on ComparativeLiterature.A.having givenB.to have been givenC.to have givenD.having been given正确答案：D 参考解析：appreciate 后面必须接名词或动名词，且根据句意要用被动语态，故答案为D。句意：他得到一个在比较文学年度讨论会上宣读论文的机会，他对此表示感激。12 单选题 Which of the following statements is NOT the feature of oral communication?A.The speakers change from time to time.B.It contains no fillers in oral communication.C.It involves false starts and repetitions.D.It consists of both short and long sentences.正确答案：B 参考解析：口语交际中常含有补白语，如you know，well等。13 单选题 Our teacher_a bookshelf at the back of our classroom to make a small reading comer.A.picked upB.put upC.took upD.got up正确答案：B 参考解析：“pick up”捡起，拾起；“put up”张贴，搭建；“take up”开始从事，占据(时间、地方)；“get up”起床。句意：我们老师在教室后面搭了一个书架，做成了一个小的读书角。14 单选题 The guided discovery method is different from the inductive method because the rules are_.A.elicited and taught explicitlyB.never elicited and taughtC.concluded by the teacherD.concluded by the students only正确答案：A 参考解析：引导发现法语法教学过程中，语法规则是在教师的引导和帮助下发现的，稍后教师会详细地分析语法。但是，归纳法语法教学过程中语法规则是由学生归纳总结出的，教师不会对语法规则进行专门的讲解。15 单选题 The word" unkindliness" contains_morphemes.A.3B.4C.5D.6正确答案：B 参考解析：unkindliness的词根是kind，附加有前缀un-，后缀-ly和-ness。16 单选题 Which of the following is a compound word?A.Bravery.B.Civilization.C.Responsibility.D.Breakthrough.正确答案：D 参考解析：由两个或更多的词合成的一个新词叫复合词，又称合成词。breakthrough是由单词break和through合成的名词，选D。bravery，civilization和responsibility都是派生词。17 单选题 It is the first time that President Xi _the Boao Forum for Asia, which is a non-government event.A.attendsB.has attendedC.had attendedD.attended正确答案：B 参考解析：考查动词的时态。句意：这是习主席第一次参加博鳌论坛，博鳌论坛是一个非官方活动。“It is+序数词+that从句”意为“某人第几次做某事”，that从句的谓语动词多用现在完成时态，故选B。18 单选题 If you want to see a doctor, fix a date with him ahead of time. That is a common _in the USA.A.senseB.practiceC. ruleD.reality正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查名词辨析。sense“感觉，意识”，commonsense“常识”，不可数，根据空格前的a可排除；practice“通常的做法，惯例”，common practice“常见做法，惯例”；rule“规则，习惯”，由common修饰时可指“共同的规则”；reality“现实”，通常不和common搭配。句意为“如果你想看医生，要提前和医生预约。这在美国是惯例”。故本题选B。19 单选题 She sometimes uses WeChat_my mobile phone, but only to contact her mother.A.byB. inC. onD. for正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查介词辨析。句意为“她有时候用我手机上的微信，但只和她的妈妈联系”。by“靠，用(方法，手段y，in“用，以(语言，材料)”，on“在上”，for“为，为了”。微信是安装在手机上的应用程序，介词要用on。故本题选C。20 单选题 Don't defend him anymore. It's obvious that he_destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.A.accidentallyB.carelesslyC. deliberatelyD.clumsily正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查副词辨析。句意为“不要再为他辩解了。很明显他毁坏了花园的篱笆甚至还不道歉”。accidentally“偶然地，意外地”，carelessly“粗心地”，deliberately“故意地”，clumsily“笨拙地”。故本题选C。21 单选题 Some students of Peking University have_setting up a natural reserve on campus and authorities said they were collecting data and thinking about it.A.answered forB.called forC.fallen forD. stood for正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。句意为“北京大学的一些学生在校园里建立自然保护区，官方表示他们正在收集数据并考虑此事”。answer for“为负责”，call for“要求，呼吁”，fall for“爱上，听信”，stand for“代表，容忍”。故本题选B。22 单选题 -Don't you remember my name?-I'm really sorry. Your name_from my mind.A.escapesB.escapedC. will escapeD. has escaped正确答案：D 参考解析：本题考查动词时态。句意为“你不记得我的名字吗?很抱歉，我不记得你的名字了。”答句强调已经发生的事情对现在造成了影响，所以谓语动词要用现在完成时。故本题选D。23 单选题 -Dad, it's a long way from our home to the amusement park!-You mean it's_to take a taxi?A.importantB.popularC.necessaryD.valuable正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查形容词辨析。important“重要的”，popular“受欢迎的，流行的”，necessary“有必要的”，valuable“有价值的”。家离游乐园远，意味着有必要打车。故本题选C。24 单选题 The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and_review of the case.A.comprehensiveB.complicatedC.consciousD.crucial正确答案：A 参考解析：本题考查形容词辨析。comprehensive“综合性的，全面的”，complicated“复杂的”，conscious“有意识的”，crucial“关键的，至关重要的”。句意为“警方决定对这个案件进行一次彻底的、全面的审查”。故本题选A。25 单选题 It is reported that the_in Syria is hotting up.A.strengthB.violenceC. powerD.activity正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查名词辨析。strength“力量，力气”，violence“暴力，暴行”，power“能力，影响力”，activity“活动”。句意为“据报道，叙利亚的日益激烈”。violence符合句意，指“暴力活动”。故本题选B。26 单选题 These remarkable findings suggest the elephants have_a memory capacity to make distinctions between human voices.A.built upB.packed upC.brought upD.took up正确答案：A 参考解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。build up“建立”，pack up“打点(行装)”，bring up“抚养”，take up“开始从事”。句意为“这些惊人的发现表明大象已经发展出一种可以分辨人类声音的记忆能力”。故本题选A。27 单选题 The boy was restless_he should have listened to the teacher carefully.A.ifB.becauseC. whileD. where正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查连词辨析。if“如果”，because“因为”，while“虽然，然而”。句意为“这个男孩焦躁不安，虽然他本应该认真听老师讲话”。其他选项均不符合句意，故本题选c。28 单选题 The word “edit” is formed by deleting an imagined affix from the word “editor” .This process of word-formation is called_.A.clippingB.blendingC. derivationD.back-formation正确答案：D 参考解析：本题考查构词法。clipping“截断法”，指把单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变的方法。blending“混成法”，指将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩成一个新词的方法。derivation“派生法”，指在词根上加前缀或后缀构成一个与原词意义相近或相反的词的方法。backformation“逆构词法”，指去掉假想的后缀构成新词的方法。edit由editor删去or逆生而成，这属于逆构词法。故本题选D。29 单选题 It took me two days of work to assemble and decorate my Christmas tree, but only a few hours to take it_.A.awayB. apartC. downD. out正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。take away“解除，消除(感情、痛苦等)，拿走”，take apart“拆卸，拆散”，take down“记下，写下”，take out“去除，取得”。句意为“组装、装饰圣诞树用了我两天时间，但是拆卸它只需要几个小时”。故本题选B。30 单选题 The workers' claim for a 10-percent pay rise has been under_of the government.A.inquiryB.applicationC. regardD.consideration正确答案：D 参考解析：本题考查名词辨析。inquiry“查询，调查”；application“申请，应用”；regard“注意，关注”；consideration“仔细考虑”，under consideration“在审议中”。句意为“政府正在审议工人们加薪10的要求”。故本题选D。31 单选题 President Xi Jinping highlighted the importance of improvement of ecology and environmental protection as he_greater awareness of their benefits.A.call onB. call inC. call upD. call for正确答案：D 参考解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。call on“请求，要求(某人做某事)”，后面跟人；call in“打电话来，叫来”；call up“给打电话”；call for“呼吁，要求”，后面跟事或物。 句意为“当主席主席要求提高对改善生态及环境保护的益处的意识时，强调了它们的重要性”。故本题选D。32 单选题 I don't think what he said is_to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.A.faithfulB.parallelC.relevantD.similar正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查形容词辨析。be faithful to“对忠诚”，be parallel to“与平行，与并列”，be relevant to“与相关”，be similar to“与相似”。句意为“我认为他所说的与我们正在讨论的话题毫无关联，他没抓住要领”。根据句意可知本题选C。33 单选题 The new discovery was a great_.A.suspicionB.sensationC.deflectionD.saturation正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查名词辨析。suspicion“怀疑”，sensation“感知，轰动，引起轰动的人(或事物)”，deflection“偏离”，saturation“饱和”。句意为“这个新发现引起了巨大轰动”，故本题选B。34 单选题 The smart phone benefits us a lot, but the bad effect_has on the youth can not be ignored.A.thatB. whichC. itD. one正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查复合句及代词。该空应填入it，代替前面已提到的事物the smart phone以避免重复。此处相当于省略了关系代词that的定语从句“the bad effect(that)it has on the youth”。that，it与one三者均可代替前面提到的事物，区别是one表示泛指，that和it表示特指。mat与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个；而it与所指名词为同一个。从句中明显缺少主语，it作主语很恰当。which也可指物，一般用于引导非限制性定语从句。句意为“智能手机使我们受益颇多，但是它对青少年的不良影响不容忽视”。故本题选c。35 单选题 If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about the future,you_miss the excellent opportunity.A.mayB.needn'tC. couldD.mustn't正确答案：D 参考解析：本题考查情态动词。may“可能”，表示许可；neednt“没必要”；could“能，会”，表示允许、可以；mustnt“禁止，不应该，不许”。根据句意“如果你对我们学校的历史感到好奇或者关心其未来，你错过这个好机会”可知空格处要用情态动词的否定形式，故排除A、C。mustnt可以表示“不应该”，故本题选D。36 单选题 It's20 years since I left my hometown; it has changed_my recognition.A.aboveB.beyondC. withinD. over正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查介词。句意为“我离开家乡已经20年了，它已经变得使我认不出来了”。beyond recognition“使人认不出，面目全非”，为习惯搭配。故本题选B。37 单选题 China's State Council decided to further reduce and standardize business_to lower the corporate burden in the real economy.A.contactsB.commitmentsC.chargesD.payments正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查名词辨析。句意为“中国国务院决定进一步减少和规范涉企收费，以降低实体经济中的企业负担”。contact“接触，联系”，commitment“承诺，保证，承担义务”，charge“费用”，payment“支付，支付的款项”。故本题选C。38 单选题 My computer had a_system because it ceased to function just several minutes ago.A.defensiveB.deficientC.inadequateD.disabled正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查形容词辨析。defensive“防御的，戒备的”，deficient“缺乏的，有缺陷的，不完善的”，inadequate“不充足的，不够的”，disabled“(人)丧失能力的，有残疾的”。句意为“我的电脑系统出了毛病，因为它几分钟前停止了运行”。故本题选B。39 单选题 We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are_.A.out of workB. out of reachC. out of stockD. out of practice正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。out of work“失业”，out ofreach“够不到”，out of stock“缺货”，out of practice“久不练习，荒疏”。句意为“很遗憾地通知您，您预订的材料缺货了”。故本题选c。40 单选题 There are not many professors who are strong_of traditional teaching methods.A.sponsorsB.advocatesC.performersD.contributors正确答案：B 参考解析：本题考查名词辨析。句意为“提倡传统教学方式的教授不多”。sponsor“发起人，赞助者”，advocate“拥护者，提倡者”，performer“演出者，表演者”，contributor“捐款者，捐赠者”。故本题选B。41 单选题 Since he's been thrown out of Eton, where will he go to school and what will_him in the future?A.become ofB.stand byC.turn onD.refer to正确答案：A 参考解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。句意为“既然他已经被赶出了伊顿公学，他以后会去哪儿上学?将来又会发生什么事情呢?”become of“发生情况，降临于”，stand by“支持”，turn on“打开”，refer to“参考，涉及”。故本题选A。42 单选题 -He could have put pressure on us to agree on his opinions.-Yes,but he didn't_.A.feel his wayB. make his wayC. get his wayD. give his way正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。句意为“他本可以施加压力让我们同意他的观点的。没错，但是他没有随心所欲。get ones way“随心所欲”，符合语境。feel ones way“谨慎行事，摸索前行”，make ones way“前进，成功”，give ones way“让路”，均不符合语境。故本题选c。43 单选题 With lots of wounded people, the quake-stricken area is_for medical assistance now.A.crazyB.oppositeC. desperateD.reluctant正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查形容词辨析。句意为“因为有很多受伤的人，地震灾区急需医疗救助”。crazy“疯狂的，狂热的”，be crazy for“渴望，对疯狂”；opposite“相反的”，be opposite to“与相反，在对面”；desperate“非常需要的，渴望的”，be desperate for“非常需要，渴望”；reluctant“勉强的，不情愿的”，be reluctant to do sth“勉强做某事”。故本题选C。第四节 句法知识1 单选题 There used to be a petrol station near the park，_?A.didnt itB.doesnt thereC.usednt itD.didnt there正确答案：D 参考解析：当主句谓语动词是used时，反意疑问部分用usednt和didnt皆可。由于主语是there，不能用it代替，所以选D。2 单选题 一Can the project be finished as planned?一Sure，_it completed in time，well work two more hours a dayA.having gotB.to getC.gettingD.gets正确答案：B 参考解析：动词不定式作目的状语。下句句意：为了能及时完成，我们将多工作两小时。3 单选题 _nearly six years since I started to study EnglishA.It wasB.There areC.It isD.There have been正确答案：D 参考解析：since后的句子用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，这是固定用法，故选D。4 单选题 Every student as well as teachers who_ to visit the museum_ asked to be at the school gate on timeA.is; isB.are; areC.is; areD.are; is正确答案：D 参考解析：考查主谓一致。who，which，that作定语从句的主语时，其谓语的数取决于先行词，所以第一空用复数are；主语后有as well as等时，谓语应同其前面的主语保持一致，所以第二个空用单数。5 单选题 -Could you please tell _ ? -Go up stairs and turn left.A.what is the teacher' s officeB.what the teacher' s office isC.where is the teacher's officeD.where the teacher's office is正确答案：D 参考解析：考查宾语从句。答句说“上楼左转”，很明显是问位置，所以应该用where；疑问句中的宾语从句要用陈述句语序。故选D。6 单选题 You must face the reality and know the environment_.A.that you getB.where you haveC.when you stayD.you are in正确答案：D 参考解析：考查定语从句。句意为“你必须面对现实，并且了解你所处的环境”。根据意思这里表示“所处的环境”，结合定语从句的先行词the environment，可知空格处应为thatwhich you are in或者省略关系代词。故选D。7 单选题 Which of the following sentences is pronounced with a rise-fall tone?A.He won't come home for lunch, will he?B.Have you finished your homework?C.Are you a student or a teacher?D.How are you?正确答案：C 参考解析：考查语调。在选择疑问句中，语调为先升后降。故本题正确答案为C。8 单选题 Five pilots landed J-15 fighter jets on the Liaoning, China´s first aircraft carrier_the critics, who once described it as a shark without teethA.aboutB.aboveC.againstD.across正确答案：C 参考解析：考查介词辨析。against作介词表示“反对，与相反”，在这里是回击批评家的意思。其他三项均不符合句意。9 单选题 It is not until he came to the classroom _he found out what had happened.A.whoB.howC.whereD.