江苏专版牛津译林八年级下册Unit-2-知识点复习总结(共8页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上江苏专版译林八下U2知识点总结1. Can I join you? 我能加入你吗?解析：join, 动词，意为“加入;参加”，表示加入某一组织、党派、社会团体或某一人群中， 成为其成员。join后常跟club, army, team, group等或表示人称代词宾格的单词。如: He is too young to join the army.他太年轻了，还不能参军。We are having supper now. Would you like to join us?我们正在吃晚饭。你想加入我们吗?辨析：join, join in与take part in三者都有“参加”的意思,但用法不同:用法join指加入某个党派或团体组织等，成为其成员之一,常表示“参军、入团、入党”等指和某人一起做某事，其结构为join sb. in(doing) sth. ，根据具体语境，有时in (doing)sth,也可省去join in多指参加小规模的活动，如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用如: She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。Come and join in the ball game, Jack.杰克,来参加球赛。We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。注意：take part in是固定短语，part前一般不用冠词,但part前若有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。如: Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery.林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制度。2. I don't think it'll be a holiday for me.我想对我而言这不会是什么假期了。解析：此句是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，I don't think是主句，it'll be a holiday for me是宾语从句。在“I/We think +宾语从句”的结构中，如果后面的宾语从句是否定句，否定词要前移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式，结构为“I/Wedon't think十宾语从句”。如: I don't think I know you.我想我不认识你。I don't think he is a lazy pupil,我认为他不是一个懒学生。注意: 在英语中,用于否定前移的常见动词还有believe, suppose, expect, imagine等。如: > I don't believe he will come. 我相信他不会来了。3. It comes from the story by Hans Christian Andersen.它来自汉斯.克里斯蒂安.安徒生写的故事。解析: the story by意为“.的故事”。by,介词，意为“由,被”，其前省略了过去分词written,在句中作定语。如: Here is an article (written) by a girl from the USA.这是一篇由一个来自美国的女孩写的文章。4. I miss you so much!我十分想念你!解析: miss,动词,意为“想念，思念”,后接名词或代词作宾语。如: I haven't seen my father for a long time, so I miss him very much.我很长时间没有见到我父亲了,因此我非常想念他。拓展: miss作动词，还表示“错过;未击中;未赶上”，相当于not catch,后接名词或动名词。如: - I missed the early bus this morning. = I didn't catch the early bus this morning.今天早上我错过了早班公交车。- She missed watching the film,她错过了看这部电影。Miss,名词，意为“小姐”。如: -Do you know which is Miss Chen?你知道哪一位是陈小姐吗?missing,形容词，意为“丢失的;缺少的”。如: - He is looking for his missing bike.他正在寻找他丢失的自行车。5. It moved at high speed and was really exciting!它高速地运行,真的令人兴奋!解析：speed,名词，意为“速度”，表示速度的“快”或“慢”,要用形容词high或low, 固定结构: at the/a speed of .的速度; at top/full speed 以最高/全速; at high/low speed以高/低速。如: > The plane is flying at high speed.飞机正以高速飞行。> It moves at a speed of fifty kilometres an hour.它以每小时50千米的速度移动。6. On the way, we met some Disney cartoon characters , such as Snow White and Mickey Mouse .在路上，我们遇见了一些迪士尼卡通人物，例如白雪公主和米老鼠。解析：such as意为“例如”,用来罗列同类人或物中的几个例子,可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,其后只能接名词或名词性短语,但不能加逗号。如: English is spoken in many countries，such as Australia, Canada and so on.许多国家(的人)说英语，如澳大利亚、加拿大等。拓展：for example意为“例如”，一般只列举同类人或物中的一个，作为插入语，且用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。如: -Many people here, for example, John, would rather have coffee.这里的许多人，例如约翰，宁愿喝咖啡。7. I ran after them and couldn't stop taking photos.我跟着他们跑，忍不住一直拍照片。解析：can't stop doing sth.意为“忍不住一直做某事”，stop,动词,意为“停止;停下”。类似的结构有can't help doing sth.，意为“情不自禁地做某事”。如: > She couldn't stop laughing when watching the film.当看这部电影时，她笑得停不下来。 Hearing the news, they can't help jumping for joy.听到这则消息，他们禁不住高兴得跳起来。8. We could even smell the apple pie and feel the wind.我们甚至能闻到苹果派的味道并能感觉到风。解析：feel,感官动词，意为“感觉到，意识到”,后可直接跟名词或代词，也可接不带to的不定式的复合结构作宾语。其过去式和过去分词都是felt;名词形式为feeling,意为“感觉，感触”。如: > I can feel the warm sun on my back.我能感觉到我背上温暖的阳光。> People all felt the house shake.人们都感觉这房子在震动。拓展：feel作连系动词，意为“感觉;摸起来”,后常跟形容词或介词短语，构成系表结构。如: > Silk feels smooth.丝绸摸起来顺滑。9. I bought a couple of key rings for classmates.我给同学们买了几个钥匙环。解析：couple, 名词，意为“两人，两件事物;几个人,几件事物”，常与of连用。固定结构a couple of意为“一对:几个,几件”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如: -He has been here for a couple of days.他在这里已经有几天了。-A couple of girls are walking along the lake.两个女孩正在沿着湖走。辨析：couple与paircouple意为“一对:一双”，通常指有关系的两个人或物pair意为“一对:一双:一副:一条：一把"等，主要用来指两个相互依属的东西，如剪刀、裤腿、眼镜或成双成对的物品，如鞋子、手套等如：> I found a couple of cups in the bedroom.我在卧室里发现了一对杯子。> Mother bought her a pair of tennis shoes.母亲给她买了一双网球鞋。拓展：couple作名词，还表示“夫妻;情侣”。如: > They are a nice couple. 他们是很美满的一.对夫妻。10. At the end of the day, we watched the fireworks in front of Sleeping Beauty Castle.在这一天的最后，我们在睡美人城堡前观看了烟火。解析：at the end of意为“.在.末尾”，可指时间，也可指地点,其反义短语为at the beginning of,意为“在.的开始”。如: There is a restaurant at the end of the street.在这条街的尽头有一家餐馆。辨析：at the end of,in the end与by the end ofat the end of后可接时间(过去或将来的)，也可接地点in the end后不接任何单词，相当于finally/at lastby the end of仅表示时间，常与完成时态连用如: > At the end of the term, we shall have exams.在学期末我们将有考试。They won the game in the end.他们最终赢得了比赛。By the end of this term, we will have learned eight units.到这个学期末为止，我们将会学八个单元。> Go down the street to the end until you see it.沿着这条街道走到尽头，直到你看到它.11. The parade has been over for hours.游行已经结束好几个小时了解析：over, 副词，意为“结束”，常用结构be over意为“结束”。如: Our holidays will soon be over.我们的假日很快要结束了We'll go out when the rain is over.雨停了我们就出去。拓展： over的其他常见用法: over,副词，意为“横过;.的一边到另一边”。如: Let's row over to the other side of the river.我们把船划到河那边去吧。 over,副词，意为“翻倒，翻转”。如: I fell over and hurt my leg.我摔了一跤，腿受伤了 over,副词,意为“再，又”。如: Read it over.再读。12. She has been away from home since last Tuesday.自从上个星期二她就离开了家。解析：be away意为“不在”，表示“离开”的状态,常与一段时间连用，away后若有地点要加介词from,构成be away from。如: She was away from work for a week.她有一个星期没来上班了。I have been away from Paris for two weeks.我离开巴黎已经两个星期了。注意：leave也可表示“离开”，但它是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。13. The fish have been dead for some time.这些鱼已经死了一段时间了。解析：dead,形容词，意为“死的”，常与连系动词构成系表结构，表示死亡的状态，其后可跟“for+时间段”。如: His grandfather has been dead for many years.他的爷爷已过世多年。拓展：die,动词,意为“死亡”; death,名词，意为“死亡”;dying,形容词，意为“垂死的”。如: -My grandfather died at the age of 86.我爷爷在86岁时去世了。-He was willing to risk death to save his friend.他甘愿冒死去救他的朋友。How brave!真勇敢!- The little girl cried when she saw her dying cat.看到她快死的猫时，小女孩哭了。14. Using“have/has been" and“ have/has gone ”使用have/has been和have/has gone解析： have/has been to someplace表示“到过/去过某处”,指曾经去过某处,但现在人不在那儿。它讲的是过去的情况，强调去过，侧重于到目前为止的一个结果。常与ever, never或表示次数的状语连用。如: Have you ever been to Nanjing?你曾经去过南京吗?He has never been to Guilin, has he?他从未去过桂林，是吗? have/ has gone to someplace表示“去了某处”，指现在人可能在去的途中或已经在那儿了,而不在说话现场。它一般只用于第三人称，不用于第一或第二人称，不能用来代替have/has been to。如: Is your mother in? 你母亲在家吗?No.She has gone to work.不。她上班去了> - Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪儿?- He has gone to the library. He will be back in a minute.他去图书馆了。他一会儿就回来。have/ has been in someplace表示“某人已经到达某处或在某处已经逗留了一段时间”，指现在人还在那里，因此常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如: -She has been in this city since she got married.自结婚以来，她就一直待在这个城市。-My grandfather has been in the countryside for about seventy years.我爷爷在农村待了大约70年了。15. Verbs with“for”and“since"与for和since连用的动词解析: (1) 常用的表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态的时间状语: for . ,since . ,so far,these days等。 since +过去的一个时间点; since +一段时间+ago; since+从句(一般过去时); It is+一段时间+since+从句.如: -Mr Smith has worked here since 1984.自1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这儿工作。-He's learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.他上大学以来学了大约5000个英语单词。 for+一段时间。for引导的短语表示动作延续多长时间，for 后接时间段。如: -We have known each other for twenty years.我们相识有20年了。-I haven't seen her for a long time.我好久没有见到她了(2) 延续性动词也可称为持续性动词,表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的延续性动词有: work, live, wait, study, learn, do, write, read, drive,sleep, sit, stand, fly, walk, keep, lie, talk 等。 非延续性动词也被称作结束性动词、短暂性动词或瞬间动词，表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。常见的非延续性动词有: start, begin, finish, end, come,go, leave, find, hear, reach, arrive, enter, stop, open,close, join, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, lose,die等。延续性动词和非延续性动词都可用于完成时态的句子中。如: 正 The match has begun. 比赛开始了。误 The match has begun for ten minutes.正 The match has been on for ten minutes. 比赛已经开始10分钟了，> 正 She has fallen ill. 她生病了。误 She has fallen ill since last Friday.正 She has been ill since last Friday.她自上周五就病了。非延续性动词或短语不可与表示一段时间的状语连用,要用其对应的延续性动词或短语代替。常见的有:buy - have/ has hadfall ill-have/has been illbecome -have/ has beenopen - have/ has been openclose - have/ has been closedcatch a cold- have/has had a coldcome / go to / reach / arrive in/ at / get to - have/ has been in/at16. She can go there in any season except winter.她可以在除了冬天的任何季节去那里。解析：except,介词，意为“除了.以外”后跟名词或代词作宾语，强调从整体中除去部分，即except后的部分不包括在整体之内，常和all, everything, no one,nothing等单词或短语一起使用。如: -The window is not open except in summer.这扇窗户只有夏天才开。辨析：except, besides与butexcept意为“除了.以外”，强调不包括后面的宾语在内,含有“减去”的意思besides意为“除了.外.还有.”，强调包括后面的宾语在内,含有“加上”的意思but意为“除了;除.之外”，与except类似;但常用于nothing, all, anyone, everything 或everyone等词的后面如： Everyone is here except Tom.除汤姆外,其他人都在这儿。(不包括汤姆在内) Another two boys were there besides Simon.除西蒙外,还有两个男孩在那里。Everyone knows it but you.只有你不知道它。17. The views there in winter may be wonderful, but it is dangerous to climb the mountains or hills on cold and snowy days.那里冬天的景色或许美极了，但是在寒冷的下雪天爬山是危险的。解析：mountain, 名词,意为“高山”,通常指较陡峭的高山,其复数形式是mountains, 可表示“山脉”或“山区”。如: -The mountain is 3,500 metres high.这座山有3500米高。辨析：mountain与hillmountain意为“山，高山”，复数形式mountains常表示“山脉”，指比hill大或陡峭的高山hill意为“小山，丘陵”，通常指比mountain小的山如: > The city lies in a valley with high mountains all around it.这座城市坐落在高山环抱的山谷中。> The house stands on the top of the hill.房子位于山顶。注意：mountain用于专有名词时，首字母需大写。如: -the Rocky Mountains洛矶山脉18. My dad has been to Chengdu on business twice.我爸爸去成都出差过两次。解析：business作不可数名词，意为“公事;商业;生意”，是busy的名词形式，派生词businessman意为“商人”。固定结构on business意为“出差”,为介词短语,在句中作状语。如: My father has gone to Beijing on business.我爸爸去北京出差了。拓展：business作可数名词，意为“公司;企业;商业机构”，常用短语run a business意为“经营一家企业”。如: He has no idea of how to run a business.他不知如何经营一家企业。19. We're going to take a direct flight to Chengdu.我们将搭乘直飞航班到成都。解析：direct,形容词，意为“直达的，直接的”,在句中通常作定语,其名词形式为direction,意为“方向;方位”,副词形式为directly,意为“直接地”。如: -This is the most direct road. 这是最直达的一条路。拓展：direct作形容词,还表示“直爽的;坦率的”。如: - He is very direct, so you can always know what his real views are.他为人很直率，所以你总能知道他的真实想法。专心-专注-专业