国家开发银行招聘考试笔试真题.doc
国家开发银行招聘考试笔试真题第一部分 英语能力测试（限时60分钟） 一、单项选择题（共 20 题） 1. George took _ of the fine weather to do a days work in his garden. A. advantage B. profit C. possession D. charge 2. The bell rang and every student had to _ their examination papers. A. give up B. give away C. give out D. give in 3. The committee is totally opposed _ any changes being made in the plans. A. of B. on C. to D. against 4. My train arrives in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _ by then. A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left 5. _ he does get annoyed with her sometimes. A. As he likes her much B. Although much he likes her C. Much as he likes her D. Much although he likes her 6. The mere fact _ most people believe nuclear war would be mad does not mean that it will not occur. A. that B. which C. what D. whose 7. Hamlet is just an _ character in the novel. A. imaginative B. imagined C. imaginary D. imaginable 8. The new movie _ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. refuses 9. Does your hometown have an unofficial name? _, what does it say about the area and the people who live there? A. And yet B. Or else C. If so D. Still worse 10. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _ from the sort of candles used only in churches. A. had come B. coming C. come D. that come 11. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found 12. In some countries, _ is called equality does not really mean equal rights for all people. A. which B. what C. that D. one 13. Some states have an income tax _ to that of the federal government. A. same B. similar C. alike D. likely 14. The teacher _ his lesson with pictures. A. illustrated B. explained C. illustration D. illuminated 15. Encounter Environmental Tours offers trips to some of the most beautiful and isolated wildernesses in the world _ all the comforts of five-star accommodations. A. both B. plus C. though D. together 16. Theres a lot of food left over from the party; you _ so many dishes. A. would have prepared B. neednt have prepared C. might have prepared D. couldnt have prepared 17. This programme will examine the writers books in detail, _ an introduction to her life. A. following B. having followed C. being followed D. to be followed 18. I bought a new bicycle, _ was very high. A. the price of which B. which price C. price of which D. which the price 19. Faced with the crisis, Monica looked pale, but quite _. A. scary B. frightened C. crazy D. calm 20. It would be unwise to _ too much importance to these opinion polls. A. stick B. pay C. apply D. attach 二、完形填空题（共 20 题） The gift of being able to describe a face accurately is a rare one. As a professor _21_ it recently: “When we try to describe faces precisely words _22_ us, and we _23_ to identikit （拼脸 型图） procedures.” _24_ according to a research _25_ this subject, we can each probably recognize more than 1,000 faces, the majority of which differ in _26_ details. This, when one comes to think of it, is a _27_ feat, though, curiously enough, relatively little attention has been devoted to the fundamental problems of how and why we _28_ this gift for recognizing and remembering faces. Some scientists argue that it is an inborn _29_ . and that there are “special characteristics about the brains _30_ to distinguish faces”. On the other hand, there are those, and they are probably _31_ the majority, who claim that the gift is an acquired one. But _32_ all these arguments, sight is predominant. _33_ at the very beginning of life, the ability to recognize faces quickly becomes an _34_ habit, one that is essential for daily living, if not _35_ for survival. How essential and valuable it is we probably do not _36_ until we en-counter people who have been _37_ of the faculty （ 能力）.This unfortunate inability to recognize familiar faces is known to all, _38_ such people can often recognize individuals by their voices or their walking manners. With typical human _39_ many of these unfortunate people overcome their handicap by recognizing other _40_ features. 21. A. described B. said C. put D. talked about 22. A. take B. fail C. help D. desert 23. A. resort B. seek C. move D. react 24. A. Yet B. Consequently C. In addition D. In contrast 25. A. of B. about C. in D. on 26. A. good B. delicate C. fine D. high 27. A. enormous B. big C. gigantic D. tremendous 28. A. acquire B. attain C. gain D. take 29. A. possession B. property C. activity D. action 30. A. ability B. capability C. competence D. capacity 31. A. on B. of C. in D. at 32. A. of B. in C. among D. out of 33. A. Created B. Formed C. Made D. Molded 34. A. accepted B. inborn C. established D. innate 35. A. essentially B. importantly C. significantly D. necessarily 36. A. value B. appreciate C. adore D. admire 37. A. taken B. robbed C. deprived D. seized 38. A. but B. therefore C. in addition D. so 39. A. cleverness B. ingenuity C. smartness D. intelligence 40. A. special B. general C. characteristic D. particular 三、阅读理解题（共 20 题） Passage 1 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses. Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli arent exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast -food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else were doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long. Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biasesor hire outside screeners. John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds. Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasnt changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend. 41. The time needed in making decisions may _. A. vary according to the urgency of the situation B. prove the complexity of our brain reaction C. depend on the importance of the assessment D. predetermine the accuracy of our judgment 42. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions _. A. can be associative B. are not unconscious C. can be dangerous D. are not impulsive 43. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should _. A. trust our first impression B. do as people usually do C. think before we act D. ask for expert advice 44. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on _. A. critical assessment B. “thin sliced” study C. sensible explanation D. adequate information 45. The authors attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is _. A. tolerant B. uncertain C. optimistic D. doubtful Passage 2 Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorters academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressivethere exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary,and proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one. 46. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English _. A. is inevitable in radical education reforms B. is but all too natural in language development C. has caused the controversy over the counter-culture D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s 47. The word “talking” (Para. 3) denotes _. A. modesty B. personality C. liveliness D. informality 48. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree? A. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk. B. Black English can be more expressive than standard English. C. Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining. D. Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas. 49. The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the authors _. A. interest in their language B. appreciation of their efforts C. admiration for their memory D. contempt for their old-fashionedness 50. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as _. A. “temporary” is to “permanent” B. “radical” is to “conservative” C. “functional” is to “artistic” D. “humble” is to “noble” Passage 3 Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious of developing illnesses associated with chronic inflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published last year in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortality of loneliness is comparable with that of smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies and controlled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness. Steven Cole of the University of California, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington, D.C., about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr. Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregarious people. He then analysed the activity of their genes, as measured by the production of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cell which proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the same in both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that were less active in the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active. Moreover, both the less active and the more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups. Broadly speaking, the genes less active in the lonely were those involved in staving off viral infections. Those that were more active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspects this could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, in evolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about. The crucial bit of the puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual and they are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk in the environment, and may thrive on many hosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonel
