近三年专四语法考题分类总结(共11页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一、情态动词:53. She (D fifty or so when I first met her at a conference. (2009A. had been B. must be C. has been D. must have beenKey : 情态动词 must 表示很有把握的推断。 对于现在事情的肯定推断用 must do ,而对过去的推断,要用 must have done.本句是对她过去年龄的肯定推测。61. Arent you tired? I(A you had done enough for today.(2009A. should have done B. must have doneC .might have done D .could have doneKey: should have done 意思是本来应该做某事, 而实际没做, 符合此处语义逻辑 关系。 Must have done表示对过去事情的猜测, might 与 may 意思相同,但可能 性更小。 多用于虚拟语气结构中。 Could have done是虚拟语气, 表示对过去事情 的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。52. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She(A by bus. (2010A. must have gone B. should have goneC. ought to have gone D. could have goneKey : must 用于肯定句中比较有把握的推测,意为 “ 一定 ” 。当 must 后接完成时, 表示已发生的事情的推测。根据句意,此处应该为有把握的推测。二、非谓语动词51. What a nice day! How about the three of us (C a walk in the park nearby? (2009A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be takingKey : how about 这一短语用来征求意见,后接名词或动名词。65. "The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT(D (2009A. the man who has prepared the documents.B. the man who has been preparing the documents.C. the man who is preparing the documents.D. the man who will prepare the documents.Key : 名词后用现在分词作定语多数表示正在进行的动作, 也可表示一般的动作。 四个选项中, 前三项表示的时间都是现在, 而第四项表示的是将来。 但是, 用于 表示将来时通常是用不定式结构 。65. (D should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.(2010 66. A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall Key : 本句中缺少主语。 动名词短语作主语时, 通常表示一件已知的事。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。本句中 “ 长的不高 ” 是一件已知的事 情,所以选择动名词短语作主语,表示否定意义, not 要放在动名词前面。 55. In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the-ING participle is used(D (2011A. as a command B. as a condition C. for concession D. for emphasis Key:本题中的 freezing, burning和 soaking 分别用来强调 cold, hot 和 wet 的程度。三、倍数55. A new laptop costs about(B of a second-hand one. (2009A. the price of three times B. three times the priceC. as much as the three times priceD. three times more than the priceKey : 常用的倍数表示法有 A. 主语 +谓语 +倍数(或分数 +as +adj +as; B. 主语 +谓语 +倍数(分数 +the size of; C. by +倍数,表示增加多少倍 . D. 主语 +谓语 +倍 数(分数 +形容词(副词比较级 +than. 本句是第二个关系56. Which of the following italicized phrased is INCORRECT?(B (2011A. The city is now ten times its original size.B. I wish I had two times his strength.C. The seller asked for double the usual price.D. They come here four times every year.Key : 用 time 表示倍数,一般用于三倍或者以上的数,表示两倍,通常用 twice 四、虚拟语气52. If there were no subjunctive mood, English(D much easier to learn.(2009 A. could have been B. would 'be C. will be D. would have beenKey : 本句对现在情况进行虚拟, 条件从句中用过去时, 这里是 be 的过去时 were, 而主句中谓语用 would +动词原形,这里是 would be.60. It is necessary that he (A the assignment without delay.(2010A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand inKey:形容词为 necessary, important, impossible 等时, 在 “it +be +形容词或过去分 词 +主语从句 ” 结构中,主语从句要用虚拟语气,其中 should 可以省略。61. Its getting late. Id rather you (A now. (2011A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leavekey : would rather 表示 “ 宁愿,宁可 ” ;在 would rather 后面所跟的从句中,用虚 拟语气,谓语动词用过去式。五、反义疑问句.57. She seldom goes to the theatre, (B ? (2010A. doesn't she B. does she C. would she D. wouldn't sheKey : 本句中含有否定含义的副词 seldom ,故反意时用肯定形式 does she 。选项 A 的 not 与 seldom 矛盾;选项 C 和 D 中的 would 与句中的 goes 不吻合。 54. When you have finished with the book, dont forget to return it to Tim, (B ? (2011A. do you B. will you C. dont you D. wont youkey : 本句是祈使句,祈使句的反问疑问句用 will you?六、从句54. After (C seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.(2010A. that B. it C. what D. thereKey : 宾语从句 本句中 after 后需要一个宾语从句,而该宾语从句缺少主语,因 此需要一个作主语的连接代词。同位语从句63. There is no doubt (B the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned. (2011A .whether B. that C. why D. whenkey : 四个选项都可以作同位语从句的连词,当从句为一般疑问句时用 whether, 从句位为陈句时用 that, 从句为特殊疑问句时用 why 或 when 等。54. (A the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.(2009A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. HoweverKey : 状语从句 从句中, whatever 相当于 no matter what, 引导让步状语从句, whichever 也可引导让步状语从句,但与 whatever 相比, whichever 也是有选择 范围的。55. Fool(B Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.(2010A. who B. as C. like D. thatKey : 状语从句 as 用作连词时,从句中的实义动词或系动词后的形容词需要提 前,本句中的 fool 是形容词,位于句首,符合 as 引导的让步状语从句的使用条 件。56. I was very interested in(A she told me.(2009A. all that B. all which C. all what D. thatKey : 定语从句 本句中主句的宾语是 all ,而 that she told me是 all 的宾语从句。当先行词是 不定代词,如 anything, nothing, the one, all等时,只能用 that.51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work .he is no longer the man (D he was fifteen years ago.(2011A .which B .whom C .who D .thatKey : 定语从句 本题定语从句先行词为 the man, 且先行词在定语从句作表语,在这种情况 下关系代词只能用 that.七、句子结构59. Little (D about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.(2009 A. she cared B. she may care C. may she care D. did she careKey : 在英语中, 当一些具有否定意义的放在句首时, 句子为部分倒装, 有 not until, little 等,句子为部分倒装,将助动词 did 提前就可以了64. In "How much do you think he earns?" how much is(C of the sentence.(2009 A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the object D. the complementKey : 在这个句子中, do you think 是插入语,在 how much he earns 中,主语是 he, 谓语是 earns, how much 是宾语。61. In the sentence "It's no use waiting for her", the italicized phrase is (D (2010 A. the object B. an adverbial C. a complement D. the subjectKey : 在 Its no use waiting for her 中, it 为形式主语,句子真正的主语是动名词 短语 waiting for her, A 意为 “ 宾语 ” , B 意为 “ 状语 ” , C 意为 “ 补语 ” 。63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement? (A (2010A. The directors appointed John manager.B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.C. You have done Peter a favor.D. She is teaching children English.Key : 宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语的特征、状态等情况进行补充说明,这 个成分称之为宾语补足语。 它和前面的宾语一起形成 “ 复合宾语 ” , 宾语和宾语补足语之间存 在一种逻辑上的主谓关系。选项 A 中的 manager 和宾语 John 之间存在逻辑主谓关系,故为 宾语补足语。而选项 B 、 C 、 D 中的动词后面都是双宾语。58. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?(C (2011A. What do you think has happened to her?B. Who do you think the visiting professor is ?C. How much do you think he earns every month?D. How quickly would you say he would come?Key : 选项中 do you think 和 would you say 均为插入语,可将其省略。 省略插 入语后可见 A 选项 what 作主语, B 中的 who 作表语, C 中的 how much 作 宾语, D 中的 how quickly 作状语。60. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause?(D (2011A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning .D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.Key : a , c 选项中的斜体部分为宾语从句。 B 选项中斜体部分为同位语从句。 D 选项中的斜体部分为主语从句,句中的 it 为形式主语。62. In the sentence “the manager interviewed Jim himself in the morning”, the italicized word is used to modify(C (2011A. The object B. The verbC. The subject D. The propositional phraseKey : 根据句意, himself 是用来修饰主语 the manager 的, 表示强调面试者之意。 八、惯用结构53. He feels that he is not yet (D to travel abroad.(2010A. too strong B. enough strong C. so strong D. strong enoughKey : enough to do 是惯用结构, enough 前必须有形容词或副词, a 选项的 tooto 为太 而不能,因为本身具有否定意义,与句中的 not 相矛盾。在修饰形容词, 动词或副词时, enough 位置在后面。57.It is not much the language(A the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.(2011A. as B. nor C. but D. likeKey : not so much as 其含义相当于 rather than;意为说是与其 倒不如说是 九、句意表达62. "It seems that she was there at the conference." The sentence means that (C (2009A. she seems to be there at the conference.B. she seemed to be there at the conference.C. she seems to have been there at the conference.D. she seemed to being there at the conference.key : seem后接动词不定式,也常用 it seems that 结构,即将简单句变成复杂句, 它们之间具有同义可换性。 表语从句中, seems 的时态不变, 而 to be 应用 to have been, 表示对过去事情的判断。56. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (C (2010A. They each have two tickets.B. They cost twenty yuan each.C. Each they have bought the same book.D. They were given two magazines each.Key: 不定代词 each 在句中可以作主语、宾语、定于和同位语,用作同位语时, each 可以用在代词之后。62. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (C (2010A. All his lectures are very interesting.B. Half their savings were gone.C. Many his friends came to the party.D. Both his sisters are nurses.Key : 限定词的相互搭配关系为:前位 +中位 +后位。四个选项中,只有 C 中的 Many his为 “ 后位 +中位 ” ,不符合限定词的相互搭配关系 .64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film (D "? (2010A. before B. recently C. lately D. yetKey: 考查的是副词作状语的用法。选项 D 中的 yet 用于否定句和疑问句，而原 句为陈述句. 十、句意理解 句意理解 51、 which of the following italicized phrase indicated CAUSE? （D）(2010 、 A. Why dont you do it for the sake of your friends? B. I wish I could write as well as you. C. For all his efforts, he didnt get an A. D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading. Key:选项 A 意为“为什么你不为了你的朋友们做这件事？”，其中斜体字部分 for the sake of your friends 表示目的；选项 B 意为“我希望自己写得和你一样好”，句 中的斜体部分 as well as 表示比较；选项 C 意为“尽管他付出了努力，却没有得 A”，这里斜体字部分 for all his efforts 表示让步；选项 D 意为“由于看书太多， 她的眼睛红了”，句中的斜体字部分 from excessive reading 是眼睛红的原因。 58. Dr Johnson is head of the department, （D）an expert in translation.（2010） A. or B. either C. but D and Key: 从句意可以判断， 这里的 head of the department 和 an expert in translation 说 的都是 Dr. Johnson，可见两部分之间是并列关系。句意：约翰逊博士是系主任， 翻译专家。 52. Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND?_ （C） (2011 A. Beg your pardon B. Have a good time C. Never do that again D. What noise you are making Key: A 选项为再说一次， 选项为 玩儿好， C 为再也不要那样做， 选项为 你 B D 发出的噪音太大了，表感叹。 53. Which of the following italicized phrase indicates purpose? （A）(2011 A .She said it for fun, but others look her seriously. B .For all its effort, the team didnt win the match C . Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years D . He set out for Beijing yesterday Key: A 选项中的 for fun 表目的，B 选项中的 for all its effort 表转折，C 选项中 的 for twenty years 表时间，D 选项的 for Beijing 表前往某地。 64 The sentence that express OFFER is （A）（2011） A. I get some drinks, whatll you have? B. Does she need to book a ticket now? CMay I know your name? DCan you return the book next week? Key: A 选项表示提议，其余表示询问 65. Which of the following italicized phrases indicated a subject-predicate relation? （B）(2011 A. Mr. Smiths passport has been issued. B. The visitors arrival was reported in the news C. Johns travel details have not been finalized D. The new bookstore sells childrens stories Key: smiths passport 表所属关系，visitors arrival 表主谓关系 ，johns travel detail 表所属 关系，childrens stories 表修饰限定 专心-专注-专业