1999年专业英语八级考试真题.doc

1999年专业英语八级考试真题TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(1999)-GRADEEIGHT-PARTIListeningComprehension(40min)InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectresponsetoeachquestiononyourColouredAnswerSheet.SECTIONATALKQuestions1to5refertothetalkinthissection.Attheendofthetalkyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothetalk.1.Thetechnologytomakemachinesquieter_.A.hasbeeninusesincethe1930'sB.hasacceleratedindustrialproductionC.hasjustbeenincommercialuseD.hasbeeninventedtoremoveallnoises2.Themodernelectronicanti-noisedevices_.A.areanupdateversionofthetraditionalmethodsB.sharesimilaritieswiththetraditionalmethodsC.areasinefficientasthetraditionalmethodsD.arebasedonanentirelynewworkingprinciple3.TheFrenchcompanyisworkingonanti-noisetechniquestobeusedinallEXCEPT_.A.streetsB.factoriesC.aircraftD.cars4.Accordingtothetalk,workersin"zonesofquiet"can_.A.bemoreaffectedbynoiseB.heartalkfromoutsidethezoneC.workmoreefficientlyD.beheardoutsidethezone5.Themainthemeofthetalkisabout_.A.noise-controltechnologyB.noiseinfactoriesC.noise-controlregulationsD.noise-relatedeffectsSECTIONBINTERVIEWQuestions6to10arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.6.EmployeesintheUSarepaidfortheirtime.Thismeansthattheyaresupposedto_.A.workhardwhiletheirbossisaroundB.cometoworkwhenthereisworktobedoneC.workwithinitiativeandwillingnessD.workthroughtheirlunchbreak7.Oneoftheadvantagesofflexibleworkinghoursisthat_.A.pressurefromworkcanbereducedB.workingwomencanhavemoretimeathomeC.trafficandcommutingproblemscanbesolvedD.personalrelationshipsinofficescanbeimproved8.OntheissueofworkingcontractsintheUS,whichstatementisNOTcorrect?A.Performanceatworkmattersmorethananythingelse.B.Therearelawsprotectingemployees'workingrights.C.Goodreasonsmustbeprovidedinordertofireworkers.D.WorkingcontractsintheUSaremostlyshort-termones.9.Wecanbeassumedfromtheinterviewthataninformalatmospheremightbefoundin_.A.smallfirmsB.majorbanksC.bigcorporationsD.lawoffices10.Theinterviewismainlyabout_intheUSA.A.officehierarchiesB.officeconditionsC.officerolesD.officelifeSECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTQuestion11isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.11.SenatorBobDole'sattitudetowardsClinton'santi-crimepolicyisthatof_.A.oppositionB.supportC.ambiguityD.indifferenceQuestions12and13arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven30secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.12.JapanandtheUnitedStatesarenow_.A.negotiatingaboutphotographicmaterialB.negotiatinganautomobileagreementC.facingseriousproblemsintradeD.onthevergeofalarge-scaletradewar13.Thenewsitemseemstoindicatethattheagreement_.A.willendallotherrelatedtradeconflictsB.isunlikelytosolvethedisputeonceandforallC.islinkedtoothertradeagreementsD.isthelastofitskindtobereachedQuestions14and15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven30secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.14.Accordingtothenews,theicefromGreenlandprovidesinformationabout_.A.oxygenB.ancientweatherC.carbondioxideD.temperature15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?A.Drasticchangesintheweatherhavebeencommonsinceancienttimes.B.Thechangeinweatherfromverycoldtoveryhotlastedoveracentury.C.Thescientistshavebeenstudyingicetoforecastweatherinthefuture.D.Thepast10,000yearshaveseenminorchangesintheweather.SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLINGInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONLYONCE.Whilelisteningtothelecture,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompletea15-minutegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEaftertheminilecture.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.FillineachofthegapswithONEword.Youmayrefertoyournotes.Makesurethewordyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Atpresentcompaniesandindustriesliketosponsorsportsevents.Tworeasonsareputforwardtoexplainthisphenomenon.Thefirstreasonisthattheyget1throughouttheworld.Thesecondreasonisthatcompaniesandindustries2money,astheygetreductionsinthetaxtheyoweiftheysponsorsportsorartsactivities.Assponsorshipis3家,carefulthinkingisrequiredindecidingwhicheventstosponsor.Itisimportantthattheeventtobesponsored4theproduct(s)tobepromoted.Thatis,theright5andmaximumproductcoveragemustbeguaranteedintheevent.Pointstobeconsideredinsportssponsorship:PopularityoftheeventInternationalsportseventsarebig6events,whichgetextensivecoverageonTVandinthepress.Smallereventsattractfewerpeople.IdentificationofthepotentialaudienceAimingattherightaudienceismostimportantforsmallerevents.Therightaudiencewouldattractmanufacturersofotherrelatedproductslike7,etc.AdvantagesofsponsorshipAdvantagesarelonger-term.Peopleareexpectedtorespond8totheproductspromoted.Andbemorelikelytobuythem.Advertisingis9themind.Sponsorshipisbetterthanstraightadvertising:a)less10b)tax-freePARTIIProofreadingandErrorCorrection(15min)ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha""signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foraunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash"/"andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.EXAMPLEWhenartmuseumwantsanewexhibit,大1家itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangsanthemonthewall.Whenanaturalhistory大2家museumwantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit.Thehunter-gatherertribesthattodayliveasourprehistorichumanancestorsconsumeprimarilyavegetabledietsupplementingwithanimalfoods.Ananalysisof58societiesofmodemhunter-gatherers,includingtheKungofsouthernAfrica,revealedthatonehalfemphasizegatheringplantfoods,one-thirdconcentrateonfishingandonlyone-sixthareprimarilyhunters.Overall,two-thirdsandmoreofthehunter-gatherer'scaloriescomefromplants.DetailedstudiesoftheKungbythefoodscientistsattheUniversityofLondon,showedthatgatheringisamoreproductivesourceoffoodthanishunting.Anhourofhuntingyieldsinaverageabout100ediblecalories,asanhourofgatheringproduces240.Plantfoodsprovidefor60percentto80percentoftheKungdiet,andnoonegoeshungrywhenthehuntfails.Interestingly,iftheyescapefatalinfectionsoraccidents,thesecontemporaryaborigineslivetooldagesdespiteoftheabsenceofmedicalcare.Theyexperiencenoobesity,nomiddle-agedspread,littledentaldecay,nohighbloodpressure,onheartdisease,andtheirbloodcholesterollevelsareverylow(abouthalfoftheaverageAmericanadult),ifnooneissuggestingwhatwereturntoanaboriginallifestyle,wecertainlycouldusetheireatinghabitsasamodelforhealthierdiet.never大3家exhibitPARTIIIReadingComprehension(40min)SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30min)Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmultiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagescarefullyandthenmarkyouranswersonyourColouredAnswerSheet.TEXTARicci's"OperationColumbus"Ricci,45,isnowstrikingoutonperhapshisboldestventureyet.Heplan'stomarketanEnglishlanguageeditionofhiselegantmonthlyartmagazine,FMR,intheUnitedStates.OnceagaintheskepticsaremurmuringthatthesuccessfulRiccihasheadedforabigfall.AndonceagainRicciintendstoprovethemwrong.Ricciissoconfidentthathehaschristenedhisquest"OperationColumbus"andhassethissightsondiscoveringanAmericanreadershipof300,000.Thatgoalmaynotbetoofar-fetched.TheItalianeditionofFMRtheinitials,ofcourse,standforFrancoMariaRicci-isonly18monthsold.Butitisalreadythesecondlargestartmagazineintheworld,withacirculationof65,000andaprofitmarginofUS$500,000.TheAmericaneditionwillbepatternedaftertheItalianversion,witheach160-pageissuecarryingonly40pagesofadsandnomorethanfivearticles.Butthecontentswilloftendiffer.TheEnglish-languageeditionwillincludemoreAmericanworks,Riccisays,tohelpAmericansgetover"aninferioritycomplexabouttheirart."Healsohopesthatthemagazinewillbecomeavehicleforatwo-wayculturalexchangewhathelikestothinkofasamarriageofbrains,cultureandtastefrombothsidesoftheAtlantic.Torealizethisvision,Ricciismountingoneofthemostlavish,enterprisingandexpensive-promotionalcampaignsinmagazinepublishinghistory.BetweenNovemberandJanuary,eightjumbojetswillfly8millioncopiesofasample16-pageeditionofFMRacrosstheAtlantic.FromawarehouseinMichigan,6.5millioncopieswillbemailedtoAmericansubscribersofvariouscultural,artandbusinessmagazines.SomeoftheremainingcopieswillcirculateasaspecialSundaysupplementintheNewYorkTimes.ThecostoflaunchingOperationColumbusisastaggeringUS$5million,butRicciishopingthat60%ofthepricetagwillbefinancedbyItaliancorporations."TolandinAmericaColumbushadtouseSpanishsponsors,"readsonesentenceinhispromotionalpamphlet."WewouldlikeItalians."LikeColumbus,Riccicannotknowwhathisreceptionwillbeonforeignshores.InItalyhegambledandwononasimpleconcept:itismoreimportanttoshowartthantowriteaboutit.Hence,oneissueofFMRmightfeature32full-colourpagesof17th-centurytapestries,followedby14pagesofoutrageouseyeglasses.Heisgamblingthattheconceptisexportable."Idon'texpectthatmorethan30%ofmyreader.willactuallyreadFMR,"hesays."Themagazineissuchavisualdelightthattheydon'thaveto."Still,heisliningupanimpressivestableofwritersandprofessorsfortheAmericanedition,includingNoamChomsky,AnthonyBurgess,EricJongandNormanMailer.Inaddition,heseemstobepursuinghiswoneclecticvisionwithoutgivingamoment'sthoughttosuchestablishedcompetitorsasConnosisseurandHorizon."TheAmericanscandoalmosteverythingbetterthanwecan,"saysRicci,"Butwe(theItalians)havea2,000yearedgeontheminart."16.RicciintendshisAmericaneditionofFMRtocarrymoreAmericanartworksinorderto_.A.boostAmericans'confidenceintheirartB.followthepatternsetbyhisItalianeditionC.helpItaliansunderstandAmericanartbetterD.expandthereadershipofhismagazine17.RicciiscomparedtoColumbusinthepassagemainlybecause_.A.theybothbenefitedfromItaliansponsorsB.theywereexplorersintheirownwaysC.theyobtainedoverseassponsorshipD.theygotawarmreceptioninAmerica18.WegettheimpressionthattheAmericaneditionofFMRwillprobably_.A.carrymanyacademicarticlesofhighstandardB.followthestyleofsomefamousexistingmagazinesC.bemadbyonethirdofAmericanmagazinereadersD.pursueadistinctiveeditorialstyleofitsownTEXTBMymother'srelationswereverydifferentfromtheMitfords.Herbrother,UncleGeoff,whooftencametostayatSwimbrook,wasasmallsparemanwiththoughtfulblueeyesandarathersilentmanner.ComparedtoUncleTommy,hewasanintellectualofthehighestorder,andindeedhissatiricalpenbeliedhismilddemeanor.HespentmostofhiswakinghourscomposingletterstoTheTimesandotherpublicationsinwhichheoutlinedhisownparticulartheoryofthedevelopmentofEnglishhistory.InUncleGeoff'sview,thegreatnessofEnglandhadrisenandwanedoverthecenturiesindirectproportiontotheuseofnaturalmanureinfertilizingthesoil.TheBlackDeathof1348wascausedbygraduallossofthehumusfertilityfoundunderforesttrees.TheriseoftheElizabethanstwocenturieslaterwasattributabletothewidespreaduseofsheepmanure.ManyofUncleGeoff'sletters-to-the-editorhavefortunatelybeenpreservedinaprivatelyprintedvolumecalledWritingsofaRebel.Ofthecollection,oneletterbestsumsuphisviewsontherelationshipbetweenmanureandfreedom.Hewrote:Collatingoldrecordsshowsthatourgreatnessrisesandfallswiththelivingfertilityofoursoil.Andnow,manyyearsofexhaustedandchemicallymurderedsoil,andofdevitalizedfoodfromit,hassoftenedourbodiesandstillworse,softenedournationalcharacter.Itisanactualfactthatcharacterislargelyaproductofthesoil.Manyyearsofmurderedfoodfromdeadenedsoilhasmadeustootame.Chemicalshavehadtheirpoisonousday.Itisnowtheworm's'turntoreformthemanhoodofEngland.Theonlywaytoregainourpunch,ourcharacter,ourlostvirtues,andwiththemthefreedomnaturaltoislanders,istocompostourlandsoastoallowmoulds,bacteriaandearthwormstoremakeliving'soiltonourishEnglishmen'sbodiesandspirits.ThelawrequiringpasteurizationofmilkinEnglandwasaparticulartargetofUncleGeoff's.Fondofalliteration,hedubbedit"MurderedMilkMeasure",andestablishedtheLibertyRestorationLeague,withheadquartersathishouseinLondon,forthespecificpurposeoforganizingacounteroffensive."FreedomnotDoctordom"wastheLeague'sproudslogan.Asubsidiary,butneverthelessimportant,activityoftheLeaguewasadvocacyofareturntothe"unsplit,slowlysmokedfish"andbreadmadewith"Englishstone-groundflour,yeast,milk,seasaltandrawcane-sugar."19.AccordingtoUncleGeoff,nationalstrengthcouldonlyberegainedby_.A.reformingthemanhoodofEnglandB.usingnaturalmanureasfertilizerC.eatingmorebacteria-freefoodD.grantingmorefreedomtoEnglishmen20.Thetoneofthepassagecanmostprobablybedescribedas_.A.facetiousB.seriousC.nostalgicD.factualTEXTCInterviewSowhathavetheytaughtyouatcollegeaboutinterviews?Somecoursesgototownonit,othersdoverylittle.Youmaygetconflictingadvice.Onlyonethingiscertain:thekeytosuccessispreparation.Therefollowsomeusefulsuggestionsfromateachertrainingcoursecoordinator,aheadofdepartmentandaheadteacher.Astheyappeartobeincompleteharmonywithoneanotherdespiteneverhavingmet,wemaytaketheiradviceseriously.OxfordBrookesUniversity'sapproachtothebusinessofapplicationandinterviewfocusesonresearchandrehearsal.TrainingcoursecoordinatorBrendaStevensspeaksofthevalueofgettingstudents"todeconstructtheadvertisement,seewhattheycanoffertothatschool,andthatsituation,andthenwritetheletter,dotheirCVsandcriticizeeachother's."Finally,theyroleplayinterviewerandinterviewee.Thisissterlingstuff,andBrookesstudentsspendacoupleofweeksonit."Thebetterpreparedstudentswon'tbethrownbynervesontheday,"saysMsStevens."They'llhavetheirstrategiesandquestionsworkedout."Shealsosays,atrifledisconcertingly,"thebetterthestudent,theworsetheinterviewee."Shebelievesthemostcapablestudentsarelessabletoputthemselvesforward.Evenifthisweretree,saysMsStevens,youmuststillmakeyourowncase."Bewareofinfernality,"sheadvises.Oneaspirantteacher,nowaheadofdepartmentatasmartsecondaryschool,failedhisfirstjobinterviewbecausehetookhisjacketoffwhilewaitingforhisappointment.Itwashotandeveryoneinthestaffroomwasinshirtsleevesbutattheendofthedaytheycriticizedhiscasualattitude,whichtheyhaddeducedfromthefactthathetookhisjacketoffinthestaffroom,eventhoughheputitbackonfortheinterview.Incidentally,menreallydohavetowearasuittotheinterviewandwomenreallycannotwearjeans,evenifmenneverwearthesuitagainandwomenteachmostdaysinjeans.Panelsrespondinstantlytotheseindicators.Butbeware:itwillnotpleasethemanybetterifyouaretoosmart.Findoutaboutthepeoplewhowilltalktoyou.Intheearlymeetingstheyarelikelytobeheadsofdepartmentsorheadsofyear.Ofte