2022年小升初PEP小学英语语法大全.pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载名词一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词 (表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory 等)和集体名词 (表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等 )。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、 状态、情况、品质等抽象概念， 如 work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。二、 可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式； 指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：book booksroom roomshouse houses day days2. 以 s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：bus buses glass glasseswatch watches dish dishes box boxes3. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词，要先将y 改为 i 再加 -es。如：city cities body bodies factory factories等等。4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，要将f 或 fe 改为 v 再加 -es。如：half halves leaf l eavesknife knives wife wives5. 特例 悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。 child children man men woman womenpoliceman policemenpolicewoman-policewomen tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 悄悄话：初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s 喽！如： photo photos foot feet tooth teeth 悄悄话：oo 变成 ee。 mouse-mice fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。 people 单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people 的复数形式peoples通常指 多个民族 。三、 不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义发生变化。如：water (水) waters (水域) orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子) 3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如：fruit fruits food foodsfish fisheshair hairs精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载写出下列各词的复数I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ * 用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some_(food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five_(people ) in his family. 6. Lets take_(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_(tomato) here. 8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow. 9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their_(dictionary) look new. 11. I see you have a few white_(hair). 12. They are_(woman) doctors. 13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please? 14. There are many_(fox) in the picture. 15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载一般现在时一般现在时的功能1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always，often，usually， every day，sometimes 等连用。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。2.表示客观事实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。3.用在格言或谚语中。如：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。一般现在时的构成1. be 动词：陈述句：主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语 + be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句： Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词：陈述句：主语 +行为动词 (+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。否定句：主语 + dont( doesnt ) +动词原形 (+其它 )。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句： Do( Does ) +主语 +动词原形 +其它。如：Do you often play football? Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 第三人称单数动词 +s 的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加 -es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：study-studies精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载一般现在时练习：一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ _ carry _ _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _ _ _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _ _ _(be) in Class One. 3. We _ _ _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _ _ _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ _ _ they _ _ _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _ _ _they often _ _ _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ _ _ your parents _ _ _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _ _ _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _ _ _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _ _ _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _ _ _(like) cooking. 12. They _ _ _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _ _ _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _ _ _(do) your homework well. 15. I _ _ _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _ _ _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _ _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _ _ _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _ _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _ _ _(be) it today? It s Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.( 改为否定句 ) _ 2. I do my homework every day.( 改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ _ 3. She likes milk.( 改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _ _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.( 改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ _ 5. We go to school every morning.( 改为否定句 ) _ 6. He speaks English very well.( 改为否定句 ) _ 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载7. I like taking photos in the park.( 对划线部分提问) _ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.( 改为否定句 ) _ 五、改错 (划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载一般过去时1一般过去时的功能（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：We visited our uncle last week.上周我们探望了我们的叔叔。（2）一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：I watched TV every day last month.上个月我每天都看电视。常和表示过去的时间状语连用表示过去的时间状语1、yesterday Yesterday，the day before yesterday，yesterday evening 2、last last night，last+时间 (last week , last month, last year) 3、ago a moment ago（=just now ） ，long long ago ， “一段时间 +ago”表示“前”。如： three days ago”4、这一组 ,是考试常考的 ,需要特别记忆! this morning，when I was five years old，in +过去时间词 (in 1998)，once upon a time(很久以前 )2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was。are在一般过去时中变为were。带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 一样，即否定句在was或 were 后加 not （was not=wasnt ，were not=weren t） ，一般疑问句把was 或 were 调到句首。3句中没有be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句： didn t + 动词原形，如：Jim didn t go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +did+ 主语 +动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如： pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d，如： taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的，变y 为 i， 再加 -ed，如：study-studied 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be 动词的过去时练习（1）一、 用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening. 二、 句型转换1. It was exciting. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. All the students were very excited. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 肯、否定回答：_ 3. They were in his pocket. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 肯、否定回答：_ Be 动词的过去时练习（2）一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Children s Day. All the students _ very excited. 二、句型转换精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 肯、否定回答：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 三、 中译英1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。_ 2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。_ 3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。_ 行为动词的过去时练习（1）一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party. 二、句型转换1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. Nancy went to school early. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 肯、否定回答：_ 3. We sang some English songs. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 肯、否定回答：_ 行为动词的过去时练习（2）Name _ No. _ Date _ 一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 二、句型转换1. They played football in the playground. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 肯、否定回答：_ 三、中译英1. 格林先生去年住在中国。2. 昨天我们参观了农场。3. 他刚才在找他的手机。_ 过去时综合练习（1）一、 用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) Ben s birthday last Friday. 2. We all _ (have) a good time last night. 3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read) 6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play) 7. Jim s mother _ (plant) trees just now.8. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _. 9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday. 二、 中译英1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。_ 2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。_ 3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。_ 4. 你上周在哪儿 ?在野营基地。_ 过去时综合练习（2）Name _ No. _ Date _ 一、 用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car. 2. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载3. Don t _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)4. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do) 5. They _ (make) a kite a week ago. 6. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick) 7. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water) 8. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances. 9. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room. 10.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk) 二、中译英1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。_ 2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。_ 3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。_ 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载现在进行时1现在进行时的功能（1）表示现在 （说话时） 正在发生的动作， 一般和 now,right now,at this moment 等连用。（2）也可以表示当前一段时间正在发生的事情（说话时不一定进行），常与 this week，this month，these days（这些天）连用。如：We are writing a book this month.这个月我们正在写一本书。2现在进行时的构成肯定句：主语 +be动词（ am /is /are）+动词 ing+其他。如：They are playing basketball now.他们现在在打篮球。He is cleaning the classroom now.他正在打扫教室。I am reading a book.我正在读一本书。否定句：主语 +be动词（ am /is /are）+not+动词 ing+其他。如：They are not playing basketball now.他们现在不在打篮球。一般疑问句： Be 动词+主语 +动词 ing+ 其他。肯定回答： Yes，主语 +be 动词（ am /is /are） 。否定回答： No，主语 +be 动词（ am /is /are）+not。如：Are they playing basketball now.他们现在在打篮球吗？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句如：What are they playing now?他们现在在玩什么？但是，当疑问词为主语时，其结构为：疑问词+ be + 动词 ing? 如：Who are playing baskerball now?谁正在打篮球？动词加 ing 的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如： cook-cooking 2以不发音的e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如： make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .( 分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _ 2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _ _ 3I m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) _ 4Tom is reading books in his study . ( 对划线部分进行提问) _精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载一般将来时一、概念： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：be going to + do；如：I m going to have a picnic this afternoon.will+ do. 如：I will have a picnic this afternoon. 三、否定句：在be 动词（ am, is, are）l 后加 not 或情态动词will 后加 not 成 won t。如：I m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句：be 或 will 提到句首， some 改为 any, and改为 or，第一二人称互换。如：Are you going to have a picnic this afternoon? 如：Will you have a picnic this afternoon? 五、特殊疑问句。一般来说有三种情况：1. 问人（对主语提问） 。用 Who 如： I m going to New York soon. Who s going to New York soon.2. 问干什么（对行为动词提问）。用 What do.如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3.问什么时候（对时间提问）。When. 如： Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载练习：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet? 改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping. （改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. I ll go and join them. （改否定）I _ go _ join them. 7. I m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow. （改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30. （改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school. （对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.( 同上 ) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15. It s Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomo