2022年小学英语冠词的讲解与练习.pdf

学习必备欢迎下载冠词的用法 冠词的定义冠词，是用来表示名词特性的一种词，它表示名词可数不可数、单数复数、任何一个还是特定的一个等。也就是说，冠词与名词是紧密连在一起的。如果用了a /an /the，不管后面是什么词，都变成了名词。所以，冠词就是放在名词前面的一种词。使用冠词有三种基本情况：1、用 a / an a / an 用在单数可数名词前面，表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个，相当于中文的 “ 一个” 。注意：可数的单数名词前， 必须要用 a / an 或 the. 我们不能说boy, desk, dog ，而必须说a boy / the boy. a 用在读音为辅音开头的名词之前, 而 an 用在读音为元音开头的名词之前。注意：这里指的是 “ 读音” ，而不仅仅指字母。例如：a university 一所大学(虽然 u 是元音字母，但不读元音。) an hour 一个小时(虽然 h 不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头) 另外，a / an 也可用在不可数名词前面，这时，这个不可数名词就变成了可数的单数名词，意义上也有变化。例如：glass 玻璃, a glass 一只玻璃杯 / wood 木头, a wood 一片树林power 威力, a power大国 / beauty 美丽, a beauty美人, 美的事物2、用 the the 相当于 this/that 或 these / those ，总的用法是表示特定的人或事物。the 的用法最广，不管是可数还是不可数，不管是单数还是复数，都可以用the. 具体用法见下面的讲解。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载3、不用冠词有的时候，名词前面不用任何冠词，没有a / an / the. 有的书上称为零冠词一.a 和 an 的区别不定冠词有 a和 an两种形式， a 用于辅音 (不是辅音字母 )开头的词前， an用于元音 (不是元音字母 )开头的词前。例如： a boy, a university, a European country; an hour, an honor, an island, an elephant, an umbrella, an honest man ,a useful book 不看字母看读音 ,不见原因 (元音)别施恩 (n) 二.不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。A horst is an animal 2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。A girl is waiting for you. 3.表示数量，有 “ 一” 的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。I have a computer. 4.表示“ 每一” ，相当于 every. I go to school five days a week. 我一周上五天课。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载5.用在序数词前，表示 “ 又一” ，“ 再一” 。I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 6.用在某些固定词组中：a lot(of), after a while ,a few ,a little ,at a time ,have a swim ,have a cold ,in a hurry 三.定冠词的用法1.特指某 (些)人或某 (些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。The book on the desk is mine 2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Open the window, please. 3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。I have a car. The car is red. 4.指世界上独一无二的事物。Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。The first lesson is the easiest one in this book. 6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载the Great Wall 长城， the United States 美国7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。the poor穷人, the blind 盲人8 用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“ 全家人 ” 或“ 夫妻俩 ” 。the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩9.用在方位词前。on the left 在左边， in the middle of 在中间10.用在乐器名称前。She plays the piano every day. 11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。the Black Sea黑海， the Yangzi River 长江12.用在某些固定词组中：all the same仍然；all the time 一直； at the moment此刻； at the same time同时；by the way顺便说； do the shopping/washing买东西 /洗衣服； in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午 /下午/晚上； in the open air 在户外，在野外四.零冠词的用法精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载1.棋类,球类,一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词Play chess play football have supper 特例：当 football，basketball指具体的某个球时， 其前可以用冠词： I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Wheres the football ？那只足球在哪儿？ (指足球，并非“ 球类运动 ”)2.季节,月份,星期,节假日名词前不用任何冠词. In July in summer on Monday on Teachers Day3.人名,地名,国家名前不加冠词Beijing is the capital of China 4.学科,语言,称呼,语职务名词前不用冠词Math is hard to learn 5.复数名词表示类别时不加冠词They are workers I like eating apples 6.名词前已有物主代词 (my， your， his， her等)、 指示代词 (this/these， that/those)、不定代词 (some ，any 等)及所有格限制时 ,不用冠词my book(正)；my the book(误) 7.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。No.25 Middle School 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载五.用与不用冠词的差异in hospital 住院/in the hospital在医院里in front of 在( 外部的 )前面/in the front of 在( 内部的 )前面by sea乘船/by the sea在海边三、经典例题一.冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划 。1There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall2This is _ useful book Ive read it for _ hour3 _ elephant is much heavier than _ horse4 _ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day5Lets go out for _ walk二.选择题。1. -How about _Christmas evening party? -I should say it was _ success. A. a; a B. the; a C. a; / D. the; / 2. We have every reason to believe that _ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be _ success. A. /; a B. the; / C. the; a D. a; a 3. -Could you tell the way to _Johnsons , please? -sorry, we dont have _Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / 4. Have you heard _ news? The price of _ petrol is going up again! A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; / 5. I looked under_ bed and found _book I lost last week. A. the; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; 四、专项训练1.在空格内填上 a或 an 1. _ear 2._actor 3. _hen 4. _toy 5. _university 6. _elephant 7. _hat 8._umbrella 9._rabbit 10._idea 11._hour 12_ honest boy 13._interesting book 14._easy question 2.用 a,an,the或“/ ”填空1._Washington is _capital of _United States of America. 2.There is _”A” on his paper. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载3. I ate _apple .Its _red apple. 4._tall man over there is my boss. 5._earth moves around sun. 6.No news is _good news. 7.Have you visited Great Wall? 8.They often play football after school. 9.Are there any birds in sky? 10.Did you have breakfast this morning? 3.选择填空1.Mom tells her little daughter old story every night. A. a B. / C. an D. the 2. computer on the table is Susans. A. A B. An C. The D. / 3.There is map of the world on wall. map is mine. A. a, a, A B. a, the, The C. the, the, The D. the, the, A 4. Whites live on floor. A. /, three B. A, third C. The, third D.The, the third 5. Spring comes after winter. A. /, / B.The, / C.The, the D.A, the 6.I bought shoes yesterday. shoes are very beautiful. A. a, The B. a pair of, The C. the, The D. a pair, The pair 7.He was soldier in the Second World War. A. a B. an C. the D. / 8.She can play and . A. the tennis, the guitar B. tennis, guitar C. the tennis, guitar D. tennis, the guitar 9.I can see moon and clouds in the sky. A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, the 10. “c” is in “cat. ” “s” is in “sat. ” A. An, An B. An, A C. A, A D. A, An 11. Tian anmen Square is in Beijing. A. /, / B. A, / C. The, / D. /, the 12.Can you tell me nearest bookshop? Go straight and turn right at_third crossing, and you will see it. A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, / 五、课堂总结：1）冠词的分类2）不定冠词的用法3）定冠词的用法4）零冠词的用法精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载口语训练：用英语介绍你的家庭成员六、课后作业一、在需要的地方填入适当的冠词，不需要的地方填/ This is _egg. It s _small egg 2Iim has_ big head. 3Who is_ girl in green? 4-Do you have_ knife? -Yes, I do. I only have_ small one. 5.Lucy and Lily look_ same. 二、选择题( )1.Its orange, orange is orange. A.a,the B.an,The C.an,a ( )2.What s your favourite sports? high jump. A.A B.The C./ ( )3.What time do you listen to radio? A.a B./ C.the ( )4.Shall we meet at gate of park at 7:30. A.the,the B.the,a C.a,a ( )5.Is basketball yours? A.a B.the C./ ( )6. Young Pioneers are helping old woman. A.The,the B.A,an C.The,/ ( )7.Look at egg.It s big egg. A.an,a B.the,a C.the,an ( )8.I want to buy English book A.an B.a C.the ( )9.Look, students are cleaning classroom. A.a,a B.the,the C.the,an ( )10.He s sitting in apple tree. A.a B.the C./ ( )11.Have you got ruler? A.a B.the C.an ( )12.Tom hasnt got dog in bag. A.a,the B.the,the C.a,an ( )13.Turn lefe at third crossing.The hotel is on right. A.the,the B.a,the C.the,a ( )14.Here s money. A.the B.a C.an 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载( )15.Can I take No.24 bus to the Garden Hotel? A.the B.a C.an ( )16.Do you want orange coat. A.the B.an C.a ( )17.Sometimes we watch TV in evening. A.a B.the C./ ( )18.Would you like glass of milk? A.the B.an C.a ( )19.Are Children have class? A.the,/ B.the,a C.the,the ( )20.What is lady doing? Shes reading in sun. A.the,a B.the,the C.a,the精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -