2004年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案.pdf

2004 年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案(总分 100, 考试时间 90 分钟)Part VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentenceand then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line throughthe center.1.Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was _.AtorrentBtransientCtensileDtextured该问题分值: 1答案:B2.Nobody knew how he came up with this _ idea about the trip.AwearyBtwilightCunanimousDweird该问题分值: 1答案:D3.The flower under the sun would _ quickly without any protection.AwinkBwithholdCwitherDwidower该问题分值: 1答案:C4.The _ of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next weekaccording to their academic performance.AsegregationBspecificationCspectrumDsubscription该问题分值: 1答案:A5.He _ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.ArepealedBresentedCrelayedDreproached该问题分值: 1答案:D6.Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of aevent.AcholesterolBcharcoalCcatastrophicDchronic该问题分值: 1答案:C7.He cut the string and held up the two _ to tie the box.AsegmentsBsedimentsCseizuresDsecretes该问题分值: 1答案:A8.All the musical instruments in the orchestra will be _ before it starts.AcivilizedBchatteredCchamberedDchorded该问题分值: 1答案:D9.When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air issaid to be _.Acommenced各类考试资料 vx：344647 公众号：顺通考试资料BcompressedCcompromisedDcompensated该问题分值: 1答案:B10.She made two copies of this poem and posted them _ to different publishers.AsensationallyBsimultaneouslyCstrenuouslyDsimply该问题分值: 1答案:B11.The _ of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of thecountry.AclashBclarifyCclarityDclatter该问题分值: 1答案:C12.Business in this area has been _ because prices are too high.AprosperousBsecretiveCslackDshrill该问题分值: 1答案:C13.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad _ when she was ill and hadno money.AplightBpolarizationCplagueDpigment该问题分值: 1答案:A14.He added a _ to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.ApresidencyBprestigeCpostscriptDpreliminary该问题分值: 1答案:C15.Some linguists believe that the _ age for children learning a foreign languageis 5 to 8.AoptimisticBoptionalCoptimalDoppressed该问题分值: 1答案:C16.It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the _ oftheir cities.AparadisesBomissionsCorchardsDoutskirts该问题分值: 1答案:D17.The meeting was _ over by the mayor of the city.ApresumedBproposedCpresentedDpresided该问题分值: 1答案:D18.The crowd _ into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB, overthrewC. overpassedD.overflewABCD该问题分值: 1答案:C19.It was clear that the storm _ his arrival by two hours.AretardedBretiredCrefrainedDretreated该问题分值: 1答案:A20.This problem should be discussed first, for it takes _ over all the otherissues.AprecedenceBprosperityCpresumptionDprobability该问题分值: 1答案:APart Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followedby some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economyshould guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right toenforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olsonwas an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societiesbestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights areessential to creating wealth. Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world,in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individualrights, he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and makinghandicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But moreadvanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines andfactories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but itis really property-intensive, Olson observes.No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or shedid not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits,whether roving or stationary, he argues. There is no private property withoutgovernment-individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, butthere is private property only if the society protects and defends a private rightto that possession against other private parties and against the government aswell.Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and courtsystem that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systemsrelied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system.We would not deposit our money in banks . if we could not rely on the bank havingto honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profitsit needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts withborrowers, Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World andcommunist countries are the result of governments setting both prices find thequantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olsonagrees that there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that governmentintervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, thereal problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generatewealth. If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strongincentives (刺激，动力) to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageoustrade., and therefore at least some economic advance, Olson concludes.21.Which of the following is true about Olson?AHe was a fiction writeBHe edited the book Power and ProsperitCHe taught economics at the University of MarylanDHe was against the ownership of private propert该问题分值: 2答案:B22.Which of the following represents Olsons point of view?AProtecting individual property rights encourages wealth buildinBOnly in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rightCSecure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the societDIn some countries, people dont have secure individual rights because theyrepoo该问题分值: 2答案:A23.What does Olson think about mass production?AIts capital intensivBIts property intensivCIt relies on individual laboDIt relies on individual skill该问题分值: 2答案:B24.What is the basis for the banking system?AContract system that can be enforceBPeoples willingness to deposit money in bankCThe possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowerDThe fact that some people have surplus money while some need loan该问题分值: 2答案:A25.According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third Worldcountries?Agovernment interventionBlack of secure individual rightsCbeing short of capitalDlack of a free market该问题分值: 2答案:BWhere one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficientlyexperienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A goodhome makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the childto play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needsto do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of childrenin difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby istaught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervalsand so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, heslowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands.Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important elementin upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not madebefore the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skill-thefirst spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading andwriting. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate,but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child.This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early,a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning ofthe words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much,or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and hisdesire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children andparents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and childrenlearn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children canshare are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys,jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards theirchildren. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe overtimes of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. Ingeneral, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the valuesof the community as much as the childs own happiness and well-being.26.The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children_.Ais to send them to clinicsBoffers recapture of earlier experiencesCis in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsDis to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced该问题分值: 2答案:B27.The child in the nursery _.Aquickly learns to wait for foodBdoesnt initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsCalways accepts the rhythm of the world around himDalways feels the word around him is warm and friendly该问题分值: 2答案:B28.The encouragement of children to achieve new skills _.Acan never be taken too farBshould be left to school teachersCwill always assist their developmentDshould be balanced between two extremes该问题分值: 2答案:D29.Jigsaw puzzles are _.Atoo difficult for childrenBa kind of building-block toyCnot very entertaining for adultsDsuitable exercises for parent-child cooperation该问题分值: 2答案:D30.Parental controls and discipline _.Aserve a dual purposeBshould be avoided as much as possibleCreflect the values of the communityDare designed to promote the childs happiness该问题分值: 2答案:CMore than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people whoarent Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewishand one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the Universityof California at Los Angeles is any indication, its almost certain that most ofthese children will not identify themselves as Jewish when they get older.That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about theirown and their parents religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those withtwo Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the fatherwasnt Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasnt Jewish,just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification wasin these mixed marriage families. Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA.She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decadeand wasnt actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax saysthe answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deservea more detailed study. She says its obvious that interfaith marriage works againstthe development of Jewish identity among children, but says its not clear at thispoint why thats the case. This new study is necessary to get more in-depth abouttheir feelings about their religion. Thats something that the study that Icompleted was not able to do. We didnt have information on how they feel abouttheir religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification,how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new studys goingto cover some of that, she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hillel, a national organization that workswith Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, itsan experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewishattitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults,those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselvesas Jewish, and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this studyto formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generationof American Jews.31.The best title of this passage is _.AJewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanBJewish Identity in AmericaCJudaism-a Religion?DCollege Jewish Students该问题分值: 2答案:B32.Among the freshmen at UCLA _ thought themselves as Jewish.AmostB93% of those whose parents were both JewishC62% of those only whose father were JewishD15% of those only whose mother were Jewish该问题分值: 2答案:B33.The phrase interfaith marriage in the Paragraph 3 refers to the _.Amarriage of people based on mutual beliefBmarriage of people for the common faithCmarriage of people of different religious faithsDmarriage of people who have faith in each other该问题分值: 2答案:C34.Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Saxs research?AThe research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will notthink themselves as JewisBThe survey was carried out among Jewish FreshmeCThe research survey didnt find out what and how these Jewish students thinkabout their religioDThe research presents a new perspective for the future stud该问题分值: 2答案:B35.Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?AM Rubin is the founder of HilleBM Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and its an experiencCHillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the worlDHillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudestowards Judais该问题分值: 2答案:BEach year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has beenpolluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking waterin that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterpriseshas a low-cost answer. This nongovernmental organization has developed technologyto harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It isa safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater containsno minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by International DevelopmentEnterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipe