2007年北京中科院考博英语真题.pdf

2007 年北京中科院考博英语真题PART 1 VUCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 4.5 point each)1. Reductions in overseas government expenditure took place, but _and more graduallythan now seems desirable.A: reluctantlyB: unwittinglyC. impulsivelyD: anxiously2. In fear for their lives and in _of their freedom, thousands of enslaved women andchildren fled to the Northern States on the eve of the American Civil War.A. WayB. viewC. visionD. pursuit3. If I could ensue a reasonably quick and comprehensive solution to the crisis inIraq, t would not have entitled my speech “the_ problem.”A. InstantB: InverseC. InsolubleD. Intact4. Some of the patients, especially the dying, wanted to _ in the man and woman whohad eased their suffering.A. confideB. ponderC. wellD: reflect5. We all buy things on the _ of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an“impulse “buy.A: urgeB. forceC. spurD. rush.6. Nothing has ever equaled the _ and speed with which the human species is alteringthe physical and chemical world.A. concernB. magnitudeC. volumeD. carelessness7. The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was _ calledhot and later swing.A. shortlyB. initiallyC. actuallyD. literally8. The depth of benefits of reading varies in _ the depth of ones ones experience各类考试资料 vx：344647 公众号：顺通考试资料A. tempo withB. time withC. place ofD. proportion to9. Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at the reprocessing plant, though, he wouldnever allow his personal feelings to _ with an assignment.A. interruptB. botherC. interfereD. intervene10. His _ with computers began six months ago.A. imaginationB. invocationC. observationD. obsession11. I like cats but unfortunately I am _ to them.A. vulnerableB. allergicC. inclinedD. hostile12. Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become_ and are no longerused in the present days.A. obsoleteB. obsceneC. obviousD. oblique13. One of the main ways to stay out of trouble with government agents is to keep a law_away from those situations wherein you call attention to yourself.A. mannerB. positionC. profileD. station14. With 1 million copies sold out within just 2 weeks, that book is indeed a _ success.A. provisionalB. sensationalC. sentimentalD. potential15. As the core of the management hoard, he can always come up with _ ideas to promotethe corporations marketing strategies.A. integralB. instinctiveC. intangibleD. ingeniousl6. They speak of election campaign polls as a musician might of an orchestra _, ora painter of defective paint.A. in paceB. out of focusC. in stepD. out of tune17. Surely it doesnt matter where charities get their money from: what _much is whatthey do with it.A. taunts forB. asks forC. consists ofD. approves ofl8. Any business needs ordinary insurance_ risks such as fire, flood and breakage.A. inB. againstC. raftD. of19. As he was a thoroughly professional journalist, he already knew the media_.A. to and froB. upside and downC. inside and outD. now and then20. There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, _, there waslittle to disprove it.PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)There is a closer relationship between morals and architecture and interiordecoration_21, we suspect. Huxley has pointed out that Western ladies did not take frequentbaths _22 they were afraid to see their own naked bodies, and this moral concept delayedthe_23 of the modern white-enameled bathtub for centuries. One can understand, _24in the design of old Chinese furniture there was so little consideration for human_ 25 onlywhen we realize the Confucian atmosphere in which people moved about. Chinese redwood Furniturewas designed for people to sit_26 in, because that was the only posture approved by society.Even Chinese emperors had to sit on a (n) _27 on which I would not think of_28for more than five minutes, and for that matter the English kings were just as badly off. Cleopatrawent about_29 on a couch carried by servants, because_30 she had never heard ofConfucius. If Confucius should have seen her doing that, he would certainly have struck her shinswith a stick, as he did_31 one of his old disciples, Yuan Jiang, when the latter was foundsitting in an_32 posture. In the Confucian society in which we lived, gentlemen and ladieshad to_33 themselves perfectly erect, at least on formal_34 , and any sign of puttingones leg up would be at once considered a sign of vulgarity and lack of_35.21.A.forB.thanC.asD.that22.A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.though23.A.riseB.existenceC.occurrenceD.increase24.A.whatB.whereC.howD.why25.A.careB.choiceC.concernD.comfort26.A.uprightB.tightC.fastD.stiff27.A.armchairB.throneC.altarD.couch28.A.movingB.keepingC.remainingD.lasting29.A.travelingB.stayingC.wanderingD.reclining30.A.fortunatelyB.franklyC.accordinglyD.apparently31.A.inB.onC.toD.at32.A.responsibleB.incorrectC.immoralD.imperfect33.A.holdB.sitC.behaveD.conduct34.A.conditionsB.situationsC.occasionsD.instances35.A.cultureB.confidenceC.moralityD.modestyPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Passage OneMost people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans.There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amountof advanced technical equipment, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financialrisk which doctors and hospitals must face the courts if they handle things badly.But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which health care is organizedand financed. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. To the privatesystem has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not looking afterthe less fortunate and the elderly.But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up 84.5 billiondollars-more than 10 percent of the U.S. budget-large numbers of Americans are left out. Theseinclude about half the I1 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits onincome fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control over the health system. Thereis no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services. Over than what the publicis able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache,a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up.Two-thirds of the populations are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much asthey want knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill.The medical profession has as a result become Americas new big businessmen. The averageincome of doctors has now reached $100,000 a year. With such vast incomes the talk in the doctorssurgery is as likely to be about the doctors latest financial deal, as about whether the minoroperation he is recommending at several thousand dollars is entirely necessary.The rising cost of medicine in the U.S.A. is among the most worrying problem facing the country.In 1981 the countrys health cost climbed 15.9 percent-about twice as fast as prices in general.36. In the U.S. patients can effect, in medical _.A. occasional mistakes by careless doctorsB. a great deal of personal attentionC. low charge by doctors and hospitalsD. stacking nurses and bad services37. Doctors and hospitals try hard to avoid making mistakes because _.A. they fear to be sued by the patientsB. they care much about Their reputationC. they compete for getting more patentsD. they wish to join the private medical system38. What do most Americans think about health in the U.S.?A. It must be in total chaosB. It must be a free competition systemC. It should cover the unemployedD. It should involve private care.39. From Paragraph 3 we know that _from the public health system.A. millions of jobless people get support.B. those with steady income do not seek help.C. some people are made ineligible to benefit.D. those with private health care are excluded.40. According to the author, what is the key factor in the rise of health cost in the US?A. The refusal of insurance companies to pay the billsB. The increase of the number of doctors and hospitalsC. the lack of government control over the medical pricesD. The merger of private health care with the public system.41. It is implied that American doctors often_.A. trade their professionalism for financial benefitsB. fails to recognize the paying power of the patientsC. discuss about how to make money during the surgeryD. gives the patients expensive but needless treatments.编辑推荐：2013 考研辅导课程2013 年考博最新资讯2012 年考研名师课程试听2013 年考博报考备考专题Passage twoAlmost every day the media discovers an African community fighting some form of environmentalthreat from land fills. Garbage dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and thelist go on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds.But citizens didnt remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under themantle of environmental justice since as far back as 1968. More than three decades ago, the conceptof environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civilrights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It shouldnot be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economicjustice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid andwhose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions.In 1979 landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston. Followed by similarlitigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demandgovernment intervention.In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D.C., to bringnational attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities Leadersintroduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-classcommunities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities.The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened whatthe environment was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live,work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process,the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the UnitedStates and, ultimately, worldwide.Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the secondNational People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was convened in Washington, D.C., thispast October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates; but more than 1,400 people attendedthe four-day gathering.We are pleased that the Summit II was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists,academicians, students, researchers, government officials We proved to the world that ourplanners, policy analysts and movement is alive and well, and growing, says Beverly Wright,chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show environmental andhealth disparities between people of color and Whites.42. In Paragraph 1, the word “residents refers to _in particularA. ethnic groups in the U.SB. the American general publicC. a Africa AmericanD. the U.S. working-class43. More than three decades ago, environments justice was _.A. controversial，among local activitiesB. First proposed by Martin Luther King Jr.C. fascinating to the civil rights groupsD. barely realized by many environmentalists44. In 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis to help the garbage workers _.A. get relieved of some of their basic dutiesB. know what environmental justice wasC. fight for better working conditionsD. recognize their dangerous surroundings45. Paragraph 3 implies that, in 1979 _.A. the environmental justice issues were first brought to court in HoustonB. environmental activists cooperated in defying the US governmentC. the government intervention helped promote environmental justiceD. environmental problems attracted the attention of the government46. the new breed of environmental activists differed from the previous activists inthat_.A. they noticed environmental disparities between the rich and the poorB. they cried for government intervention in saving the environmentC. they knew what the environment really meant to the White peopleD. they practiced environmentalism outside as well as within the US47. With respect to getting environmental justice, Summit II aimed for _.A. showing the achieved successB. attracting national attentionC. identifying relevant issuesD. finding solutions to the problemsPassage ThreeAnyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spent only“tow minutes with“baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler stating to walk. Nomatter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying,determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the startof middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number ofkids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers.For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often in separately tied to their childrenssuccess, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it is no wonder some parents findthemselves hoping that ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.Its not quite that simple. Kids can be given the opportunities, but they cant before， ”says Jacquelyn Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan who tried a studyexamining what motivated first-and seventh-graders in three school districts. Even so growingnumber of educators and psychosiss do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in studentswho dont seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking,being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, bothparents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how thebrain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. The message is that everythingis within the kids control, that their intelligence is malleableSome experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigidseparation of students into disappearance of drive in some kids. Educators say its importantto expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbiesand other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students that manystudents experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions says MichaelNakkula, a Harvard education professor who run