2019年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案.pdf

2019 年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案Part I Vocabulary (20%)Directions: There are forty incomplete sentences in this part For each sentencethere are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completesthe sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with asingle line through the center.1.The European Union countries, were once worried that they would not havesuppliesof petroleum.A. sufficientB. efficientC potential D. proficient2.Wed like toa table for five for dinner this evening.A. preserve B. reserveC. sustainD. retain3.Britain has the highest of road traffic in the world-over 60 cars for everymile ofroad.A. popularityB. prosperityC. intensityD. density4.I would never havea court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.A. sought forB. accounted for C. turned upD. restored to5.The energyby the chain reaction is transformed into heat.A. transferredB. released C. conveyed D. delivered6.It is required that during the process, great care has to be taken to protectthe silkfrom damage.A. sensitiveB. sensible C tenderD. delicate7.To our, Geoffreys illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.A. reliefB. view C. anxietyD. judgment8.The government will take some action to the two big quarreling companies.A. jigsawB. jotC. impulseD. reconcile9.As automation became popular in most factories, labor was madeA. disincentive B. redundantC. diverseD. discontent10. They haveher unreasonable request for her annual salary.A. destined B. chordedC. repelled D. commenced11. When you prepare for your speech, be sure to citequalifiedsourcesofinformationand examples.A. unbiased B. manipulated C. distorted D. conveyed12. It is apparent that winning the scholarship isof ones intelligence in thefield ofphysics.A. parallelism B. alliterationC. testimonyD. rhythm13. In court he repeated histhat he was not guilty in front of the jury.A. impressions B. alliterations C. clausesD. assertions14. Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods ofbusiness.A. staleB. slackC. ferrousD. abundant5.According to the Geneva no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.A. CustomsB. CongressesC. Conventions D. RoutinesBefore the general election many senior citizens signed the againstthespreading ofnuclear arms.A. contract B. petition C. supplication D. potential7.Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moons atmospheretoplantlife.A. adaptB. personalizeC. sustainD, describeI cant remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty.A. estimatingB. devastatingC. reprocessing D. preferringThe industry has pumped amounts of money into political campaigns, making itless and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.A. potentialB. substantialC. massiveD. traditional20. I was entrusted toto a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.A. contributeB. detractC. convertD. entail21. After 1989, the externalvanished, but the danger to American civilizationremained.A. disruptionB, menaceC. liabilityD, emergence22. The government is trying to help these enterprises out of theby variousmeans.A. flightB. plightC delightD. twilight23. An archaeologist has to pay much attention todetailsofanunearthedobject.A. miserableB. minusC. minuteD. moist24. The girlher tablemates arm to see if she was fast asleep at class.A. pinchedB. punchedC. pitchedD. preached25. Most of the local people involved in the affair have beenand dismissed.A. smuggled B. prosecutedC. salutedD. thrived26. I can respect someone who isfor theiractions, but Icannot respectsomeone who isalways pointing the finger.A. millenniumB. dominant C. accountableD. commercial27. All the products made in China are sold and distributed inwiththeU.S.ExportAdministration Regulations and also local country rules.A. compliance B. prosperity C. merchandise D intersection28. One of the main reasons is that the universitysattractsstudentsandfaculty staff allover the world.A. fraudB. respondentC. misconduct D. prestige各类考试资料 vx：344647 公众号：顺通考试资料29. Even though the investigation has been going on for two months, the police havenofurther details about the accident.A. comprisedB. formulatedC. released D. incorporated30. They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offeringtoforeigninvestors.A. incentivesB. abundances C. warriorsD. outnumbers31. Why beabout that old coat? Theres no point in keeping it just because youwerewearing it when you first met me.A. sensitiveB. sensible C. sentimentalD, sensational32.and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.A. MutilationB. InnovationC. EmpireD. Strength33. The protests were part of their against the proposed building development inthearea.A. commission B. commitment C. conventionD. campaign34. Some people seem to on the pressure of working under a deadline.A. renderB- evolveC. prevailD. thrive35. These changes have not been sufficient tothe losses.A. stem B. stimulateC cause D. compensate36. Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their.A. conditionsB. combinations C, peersD. granaries37. Several for global warming have been suggested by climate researchers.A. systemsB. sentencesC fallacies D. hypotheses38. These natural resources will be soonerorlaterifthepresentrateofexploitationcontinues.A,depletedB. deployed C. inclined D. mingled39. The military operations yesterdayweretargetedatthemilitaryinstallations.A.propelledB. commenced C. plagued D. modulated40. Artificial intelligence deals partly with thebetween the computer and thehumanbrain.A.profile B- mightyC. analogyD, leakagePart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read eachpassage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answerfrom the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThere are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segmentof them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One suchgame teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player inlogical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to becomemore computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segmentof games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language， ， ，saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.“Unfortunately，its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids agedeight to fifteen.， ，One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young peoplepreferred contained violence. The investigators said * These are not just gamesanymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incrediblemanner what it，s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are thereal-life consequences.”They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because theyhavebetter graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violentacts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over andkilled up to 33,OCX) people by the time all levels are completed. A descriptionof the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tiresand splatter blood on the windshield. They also get on their knees and beg for mercy,or commit suidde. If you like, you can also dismember them.”Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies havebeen conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connectionbetween violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factorsmust be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who alreadyhave violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent gamesstill play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are notinfluenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spendbillions of dollars annually for television advertising?41. Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational andharmlessly entertaining?A.Those that teach how to fly an airplane.B.Those that teach the features of the earth.C Those that help people use computer language.D. Those that teach computer technology.42. According to the investigators, .A.the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in realviolent actsB.the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other peopleC.most computer and online games make the players forget the real life resultsD.most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners43. It can be inferred from the passage that.A.more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB- it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC.there are now more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence44. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show thatA.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeB.computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in reallifeC.there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in reallifeD.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifePassage TwoThe collapse of the Earths magnetic fieldwhich guards the planet and guidesmany of its creaturesappears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, theNew York Times reported last week.The fields strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increasedthe debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planets lines of magneticforce*During a reversal，the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears withopposite polarity (极） The transition would take thousands of years. Oncecompleted, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversalcould cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would havedifficulties. Birds, fish and anintals that rely on the inagnetic field fornavigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would notbe a big disaster, despite daims of doom and vague evidence of links between pastfield reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapiddecline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, theEuropean Space Agency approved the worlds largest effort at tracking the fields shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsingfield with far greater precision. “We want to get some idea * of how this wouldevolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather， ， ，saidGauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “I，mpersonally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions bythe end of the mission.”No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if atransition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last onetook place 780,000 years ago， when early humans were learning how to make stonetools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energycreates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator. Ina cars generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say theresponsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron,which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.45. According to the passage, the Earths magnetic field hasA,misguided many a man and animalB.begun to change in the opposite direction C caused the changes on the polaritiesD. been weakening in strength for a long time46. During the transition of the Earths magnetic field*A.the compass will become uselessB.man and animals will be confused in directionsC.the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappearD.the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger47. The author says . the public has no reason to panic” becauseA.the transition is still thousands of years from nowB.the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsC.the process of the transition will take a very long time to finishD.the new transition will come 780,000 years from now48. The cause of the transition of tiKe Earth、magnetic field comes from.A.the movement deep inside the Earth B. the periodical reverses of the Earth Cthe force coming from outer spaceD. the mechanical movement of the EarthPassage ThreeThe terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a jarring reminder that in todays world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turnon the TV.Disturbing images of terror can trigger a visceral response no matter how closeox far away fromhome tihe event happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare inone way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. Butthanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferationof news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether its a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychologicalwarfare arent limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of theseattacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threatitself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts arepublicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourselfand your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting yourchildren from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is predicated uponinducing a climate of fear that is incommensurate with the actual threat， ，saysMiddle Eastern historian Richard Buliiet of Columbia University. uEvery time youhave an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part ofthe act itself.”There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by themagnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target， or the horrific qualityof what you do to a single person， ， ，Buliiet tells WebMD. “The point is that itisn t what you do, but ifs how it， s covered that determines the effect”For example,Buliiet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle Eastin the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed，but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helpl