英语时态语态(完整精编版)(共9页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上时态语态一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去式过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时一、一般现在时（The Simple Present Tense）1、结构1）(Active) do; does2）(Passive) is (am, are) done2、主要用法表示经常发生的动作和存在的状态。e.g. I often come to school early.表示主语的特征，性格和能力。e.g. He is an engineer. He looks young. 表示客观事实，或普遍真理。e.g. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。在时间，条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。e.g. Ill tell him about it when he returns home.表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作。（只限于表示起始或移动意义的动词。begin, come, leave, start, arrive, go, etc.）e.g. I will find out when the train leaves.The plane for San Francisco takes off at three p.m.3、与一般现在时连用的时间状语：every day, once a week, twice a week, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never etc.e.g. I go to the cinema once a week.e.g. Sometimes we work until twelve oclock.4、主动变被动1）Do you often clean your room? Is your room often cleaned? 2）People speak English in many countries. English is spoken in many countries.二、一般过去时（The Simple Past Tense）1、结构1）(Active) did2）(Passive) was/were done2、主要用法表示过去的动作或状态。表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，也可用：used to + v. 或 would + v.e.g. He used to have two brothers.e.g. When he was free, he would go and help others.在条件和时间状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。e.g. I told him I would lend him my bike if Mr. Smith returned it to me the next day. 3、一般过去时常与这些时间状语连用：yesterday, before liberation, in 1960, two years ago, last month, in the past, the other day, etc.e.g. I happened to meet him in the street the other day.4、主动变被动1）The tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl. The little girl was frightened by the tiger in the zoo.2）They gave him a medal for his wonderful work. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.三、一般将来时（The Simple Future Tense）1、结构1）(Active) will do /shall2）(Passive) will/shall be done2、主要用法表示将来的动作和状态。e.g. The farmers will begin to pick apples next Monday.e.g. He will come to see us tomorrow.表示将来的其他用法：<1>be going to + v. 表示打算、准备做的事，或根据迹象表明即将发生或肯定要发生的事。e.g. How are you going to spend your holidays?Its going to snow. Theres going to be a lot of trouble about this.<2>be about to + v.表示即刻要发生的动作。*be about towhene.g. I was about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me “stop!”<3>be to + v. 表示安排或计划好的动作。e.g. A new hospital is to be built in our district.We are to meet at the school gate at five oclock this afternoon.<4>现在进行时表示按计划安排要发生的事。限于某些瞬时动词，如：leave, go, come, arrive, start, etc.e.g. My uncle is arriving at 3:30p.m. tomorrow.3、一般将来时常与这些时间状语连用：tomorrow, next week, in a moment, in the future, etc.e.g. -How soon will he be back? -He will be back in two weeks.4、主动变被动1）People will laugh at you if you wear that dress. You will be laughed at if you wear that dress.2）They won't hold the meeting until next Friday. The meeting wont be held until next Friday.3）The doctor will ask the patient some questions before he gives her medicine. The patient will be asked some questions before she is given the medicine. 四、过去将来时（The Past Future Tense）1、结构1）(Active) would do2）(Passive) would be done2、用法说明不能独立使用，通常用在宾语从句中，表示从过去某一点看，在将来发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. He told me that he would go to Beijing the next month. At that time I did not know if he would be able to finish the work on time.五、现在进行时（The Present Continuous Tense）1、结构1）(Active) is/am/are doing2）(Passive) is/am/are being done2、主要用法表示说话的时刻正在进行的动作。e.g. -What are they doing? -They are playing in the garden.表示现阶段正在进行的动作,尽管此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。e.g. The manager is typing his letters these days. He is a teacher of physics, but he is now teaching math.She is working in a bookshop. 他目前在一家书店工作。现在进行时用来表示将来(Future use)，即表示按计划或安排在最近将要进行的动作。这种用法仅限于少数表示动作的动词，如arrive, come, go, have, leave, start, stay等。e.g. How long are you staying in Xi'an? 你将在西安呆多久？ We're having a holiday next Monday. 我们将在下星期一放假。 现在进行时态如果同副词always, constantly, continually 等连用，常带有或褒或贬的语气。e.g. He is always helping me with my English.（称赞） She is constantly coming late. 她老迟到。（不满）3、注意*下列动词不能用进行时态：感官类：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, seem, appear等感觉类：hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive等 存在类：be, exist, remain, stay, obtain占有从属类：have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of等认知类：understand, know, believe, think, doubt, forget, remember等e.g. I understand what you mean.I love our great motherland.I (can) smell something burning.The flower smells sweet.六、过去进行时（The Past Continuous Tense）1、结构1）(Active) was/were doing2）(Passive) was/were being done2、主要用法表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。e.g. What were you doing this time yesterday? I was writing a letter when she came in.表示过去某阶段在进行的暂时性习惯动作。e.g. He is a doctor, but at that time he was working in a laboratory.表示过去将要发生的动作，但只限于一些表示起始和移动意义的动词。e.g. I had thought that he was coming to see me the next day, but he didnt. When I got there, they were preparing for their trip, as they were leaving that afternoon.表示刚才的情况。e.g. I was asking what you thought of it.e.g. -Can you give me the right answer?-Sorry, I wasnt listening. Would you please repeat that question?描写故事的背景。e.g. One day, we were walking along a road, which went around the foot of the hill. Suddenly七、现在完成时（The Present Perfect Tense）1、结构1）(Active) have/has done2）(Passive) have/has been done2、主要用法表示发生在过去的动作到现在为止已经完成，或刚刚完成。e.g. He has finished reading the book today.There have been great changes in Beijing in the past twenty years.表示发生在过去的动作一直延续到现在。e.g. The conference has lasted for five days.We have known each other since we were children.表示动作在过去完成，构成主语的经历。e.g. I have been to the Great Wall three times.This is the fourth time that I have seen the film. I like it very much.表示动作发生在过去，但对现在的情况产生影响。e.g. Thank you. I have had my supper.Im sorry I cant go with you. I have seen the film.在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来完成的动作。（表示这一动作先于另一动作。）e.g. I will go and see the exhibition as soon as I have got the recorder repaired.I will lend the book to you when I have finished reading it.*注意事项：瞬间动作的肯定式一般不可与表示一段时间的状语一起用于现在完成时。瞬间动词的否定式可以与表示一段时间状语一起用于现在完成时。e.g. He has come here for two days. × He has been here for two days. It is two days since he came here. He came here two days ago. He has not come here for two days. 3)现在完成时常与这些时间状语连用：already, notyet, three times, lately, just, It is the first/ second/ third time thatbefore, in recent years, since, for two years, in/during the past few years, so far, up to/till nowe.g. In the past twenty years, great changes have taken place in China.八、过去完成时（The Past Perfect Tense）1、结构1）(Active)had done2）(Passive)had been done2、主要用法表示过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。e.g. He had already left when I got there.They showed us the machine which they had produced.*若句子中含有 before, after, as soon as, until 等连词引导的时间状语从句，通常可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。e.g. After he finished the task, he left for the next town.n It is the first/secondtime that 从句。的从句中 一般用 现在完成时。n 另外：“It is/ has been + 一段时间 + sincedid” since从句动词通常用过去时，主句用完成时。 n 有些瞬间性动词在完成时态的肯定句不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。要连用时须用状态动词。n 成对的词有：become/be; die/be dead; leave/ be away; join the army/serve the army 九、现在完成进行时（The Present Perfect continuous Tense）1、结构1）(Active) have/has been doing2）(Passive)2、主要用法表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行着。e.g. We have been listening to the radio for an hour.-You look tired, dont you? -Yes, I have been painting the room all day. 十、过去完成进行时（The Past Perfect Continuous Tense）1、结构1）(Active)had been doing2）(Passive)2、主要用法表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。e.g. It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water.At last they got the telegram they had been expecting.十一、时态呼应主句从句例句现在或将来时任何时态He knows what I said.Li Lei tells me that hell come.过去时（表示主从句的动作同时发生）一般过去或过去进行I didnt know you were studying here.过去时（表示从句动作发生在主句动作之前）过去完成时He said he had lost his key.过去时（表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后）过去将来时He told me he would go to the concert.过去时（从句表达的是客观真理）现在时The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.*当从句含有某一具体的过去时间状语时，其谓语不用过去完成时。 e.g. He told me he was born in 1954.The man said that he joined the army in the year 1964.l 主动变被动1)I have told him that he didn't satisfy his examiner. He was told that his examiner didnt satisfied by him.2)They have found ways to make waste water clean. The ways to make waste water clean were found by them.专心-专注-专业