新高考教材高中英语必修2-unit1-Cultural-heritage-Section-1重点词汇短语语法(共19页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 Unit1 Cultural heritage Section 1 重点词汇短语句型1. pass on.to用法详解 (1) pass on.to或者pass.on to 把.传递给；把.转交给 As he grew up，he passed on his clothes to his younger brother.由于他长大了， 他就把衣服留给了弟弟。 Pass the letter on to the person sitting next to you.把信传给坐在你旁边的人。(2) pass on to sth.转换（话题）继续；相当于move on to。 Lets pass on to the next subject now.现在让我们来继续讨论下一个议题。(3) pass on向前走去；去世，相当于pass away. He stopped for a moment，and then passed on.他停了一会儿，又向前走。 He passed on in his sleep.他在睡眠中死去。归纳拓展 pass away 去世 pass by 通过；经过（.旁边） pass down使世代相传；流传（常用被动式） pass out 昏迷，失去知觉 pass.off as.装作；佯装；假装 This ring has been passed down in my family.这个戒指是我家祖传下来的。 He escaped by passing himself off as a guard.他佯装成看守人而得以逃脱。2. former用法详解 Former adj.以前的；（两者中）前者的 I paid a visit to my former English teacher.我拜访了我以前的英语老师。 Many of his former supporters voted against him.他以前的许多支持者投票反对他。特别注意 The former 表示“前者”，the latter表示“后者”，两者相对，只可用于两个人或物之间。 Of these two men，the former is dead but the latter is still alive.这两个人中，前者已死，而后者仍然活着。归纳拓展 former president 前总统 former husband 前夫 in former times 从前 the former.the latter.前者.后者. formerly adv.以前；从前3. promote用法详解 promote vt 促进；提升；推销；晋级 promote the development of 促进.的发展 promote sth. 宣传/推广. promote sb.to 提升某人为.；使某人晋升为. The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.这个乐队已开始巡回宣传他们的新唱片。 She worked hard and was soon promoted.她工作勤奋，不久就得到提升了。 The boss promoted him to a higher rank for his successful work.因为他工作干的出色，老板给他晋升了一级。词语积累 promotion n.晋升；（体育运动队的）晋级，升级；促销活动 promoter n.（尤指体育赛事的）主办者，承办者；提倡者特别注意 promote作“提升.”讲时，常与介词to连用。4. App（application）用法详解（1） application n.申请（表）；用途；运用；应用（程序），app是其缩略形式。 create/make an app about 创建有关.的应用程序 fill in an application form 填写申请书 make an application for 提出.的申请 application of theory to practice把理论应用于实践 Have you filled in the application form for a new passport？你填写领新护照的申请表了吗？ Barbara made an application for a job as a nurse.芭芭拉提出从事护士工作的申请。 The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial processes usually makes jobs easier to do. 应用新的科学发现于工业生产过程常可使工作更轻松。（2） application 做名词，还有“涂抹，敷用”的意思。 The application of a wet cloth will prevent cracking.敷上一块湿布可防止出现开裂。词语积累 apply vt申请；应用；涂；敷；使专心从事 apply for 申请 apply to do 申请做. apply to 向.申请；适用于 apply.to把.运用于；把.涂/敷于 apply oneself to(doing)sth.专心于（做）某事 applicant n.申请人；求职者5. take part in用法详解 take part in 参与（某事）；参加（某活动） How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games？有多少个国家参加了上届奥运会？ My father took part in the charity activity in the neighbourhood yesterday. 我父亲昨天参加了社区的慈善活动。归纳拓展 play a part（in sth.）参与（某事）；在（某事）中起作用 take sb.s part 支持某人，站在某人一边 take an active part in 积极参与易混淆辨析 take part in/join in/participate in/join易混淆词组意义take part in指参加群众性活动，会议，劳动，游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用join in通常指参加某种活动，尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动participate in通常指参与并分享其中的快乐，可于take part in 互换join加入（某党派，组织，社会团体以及军队等） We encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college.我们鼓励学生全面参与学院的运作。 Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.和我们一起品尝各种新鲜的当地食物和饮料把。6. give way to用法详解（1） give way to 让步；屈服 We refused to five way to their demands.我们拒绝对他们的要求让步。 He should give way to a younger，more decisive leader.他应该让位于更年轻，更有决断力的领导者。（2） give way to还有“让.先行，让自己陷于（某种情绪等）；被.代替”的含义。 Give way to traffic coming from the left.让从左边来的车先行。 After several failures,he gave way to despair.失败了好几次后，他陷入了绝望的深渊中。 But over the following days,my excitement gave way to despair.但在接下来的几天里，我的兴奋被绝望所取代。归纳拓展有关way的短语 get in the way of 挡.的路，妨碍 lead the way 带路，引路；示范 feel ones way 摸索着前进，小心从事 pay ones way 支付应承担的费用，勉强维持 find ones way 达到目的 wind ones way 蜿蜒前进 make ones way（to）（朝.）前进特别注意 表示“屈服”的词语：give in，submit7. preserve用法详解（1） vt保存保护；维持 preserve food 保存食物 preserve .form.保护.免于. preserve public order 维护公共秩序 The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food.船上装有特殊的冷藏设备，用来保存食物。Its the duty of the police to preserve the public order.维护公共秩序是警察的职责。The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝。（2） n.保护区；禁猎区；果酱；腌菜，泡菜in the preserve 在禁猎区 No hunting is allowed in the preserve.Mother made some preserves.母亲做了一些腌菜。归纳拓展“动词+宾语+from”结构的短语rescue/save/free.from.从.解救. protect/defend/guard.from 保护.免受.ban.form禁止.做. discourage.from.劝阻.不做.词语积累preservation n.保护；维护；保存 preserved adj.保存的，腌制的be well preserved 保存完好的8. balance用法详解（1） n.平衡；均匀 keep/strike a balance between.and.保持.与.之间的平衡 keep ones balance 保持平衡 lose ones balance 失去平衡 out of balance 不平衡 It is very difficult for me to keep a balance between social activities and studies. 让我在社交活动与学习之间保持平衡非常困难。 The girl lost her balance and fell off the balance beam.小女孩失去了平衡，从平衡木上摔下来。（2） n.余额；差额 bank balance 银行存款 In other words，the balance of trade may cause unhappiness between China and the United States. 换句话说，贸易的差额可能会引起中美之间的不愉快。（3） vt.&vi.（使）平衡；权衡；抵消 balance.and/with.同等重视/兼顾.和. balance sth.against sth.使.与.抵消；权衡.与. How long can you balance on one leg？你单腿能站多久？ This years profits will balance our previous losses.本年度的盈利将可弥补我们之前的亏损。 She tries to balance home life and career.她力图兼顾家庭生活和事业。 We balance the benefits against the costs of medical insurance.我们把医疗保险的好处与其开支加以权衡。词语积累 balanced adj.平衡的；安定的；和谐的 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 a balanced family 和谐的家庭特别注意 表示“权衡.与.”的短语：weigh.against.9. lead to用法详解 lead to导致；造成（后果），后接名词或者动名词。 Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.这些化学物质中又很多会引起癌症或其他疾病。 Our unfulfilled desires led to fighting and quarreling.我们未实现的心愿导致了打架和争吵。 lead to还有“通向.”的含义。 As is known to us，all roads lead to Rome.众所周知，条条大路通罗马。归纳拓展 lead sb.to.引导某人去.（地方） lead sb. to do sth. 致使某人做某事特别注意 表示“导致”的短语：result in，give rise to，contribute to；表示“通向”的短语：lead up to10. proposal用法详解（1） n.建议；提议，其后接同位语从句或引起表语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 accept/approve/consider a proposal 采纳/批准/考虑建议 agree to sbs proposal 同意某人的建议 make a proposal（to sb.）（向某人）提出建议 He accepted the proposal at once，as he thought it was just a friendly contest. 他立刻接受这个建议，因为他认为那只是一场友谊赛而已。 I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week. 我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。 His proposal is that we（should）get rid of the bad habits.他提议我们应该改掉这些不良习性。（2） n.求婚 make/offer a proposal to sb.向某人求婚 He has fallen in love with farmers daughter and has made a proposal to her. 他爱上了一个农夫的女儿，并已经向她求婚了。词语积累 propose vt 建议；提议；求婚；提名 propose doing/to do建议做. propose +that 从句（should+动词原形）建议/提议. propose to 向.求婚 propose a toast（to sb.）（为某人）祝酒特别注意 表示“建议”的名词：suggestion，recommendation，proposal11. protest用法详解（1） n.抗议 make a protest against 对.提出抗议 raise a storm of protest引起了一场抗议风潮 in protest at/against 以示抗议 The announcement raised a storm of protest 这个声明引起了一场抗议风潮。 The director resigned in protest at the decision.主任辞职以示抗议这项决定。 The people made a protest against the rise in prices.人们对价格上涨提出抗议。（2） vi&vt（公开）反对；抗议 protest about/against/at（公开）反对；抗议 protest bitterly/strongly 强烈抗议 Environmentalists have been protesting about the destruction of Amazon rainforests. 环境保护主义者一直在抗议对亚马逊热带雨林的破坏。归纳拓展 与介词against搭配的短语 lean against 斜靠 fight against 与.作斗争 guard against 提防 vote against 投票反对12. likely用法详解（1） adv.可能，可以与very连用，比较级，最高级分别为more/less likely，most/least likely。 I shall very likely be here again next month.下个月我很可能再来这儿。 Youll most likely see these animals at dusk.黄昏时分你最有可能会看到这些动物。（2） adj.可能的，常作表语。比较级，最高级分别为more/less likely，most/least likely。 be likely to do .可能做. It is likely that.可能. as likely as not（习语）很可能 Tickets are likely to be expensive.入场券可能很贵。 Its more than likely that the thieves don't know how much it is worth.盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。（3） adj.适当的，似乎合适的，做定语，比较级为likelier/more likely更适合的；最高级为likeliest/most likely最适合的。 She seems the likeliest/most likely candidate for the job.她似乎是这项工作最适宜的人选了。词语积累 unlikely adj.不大可能的易混淆辨析 likely/possible/probable易混淆词意义likely指从外表，迹象上判断，有可能发生。与probable意思相近。likely既可用人，也可用物做主语，句型是It is likely that.或sb./sth. is likely to（do）.possible客观上有可能，含有希望很小的意味。常用句型有It is possible（for sb.）to do sth.或It is possible that.。possible做表语时不能用人做主语probable可能性比possible大，表示“很可能”。常用句型有It is probable that.或It is possible（for sb.）to do .。probable做表语时也不能用人做主语。13. turn to用法详解（1） 求助于 He often turns to me for help when he is in trouble.他有麻烦时常向我求助。 I have no one but you to turn to.你是我唯一可以请求帮助的人。（2） 致力于 More and more people turn to computer science.愈来愈多的人从事计算机科学研究。（3） 转向 “Just a minute，”the American says，turning to his hostess.“且慢！”那个美国人一边说着一边转向他的女主人。（4） 翻到 If you turn to Page 40,you will find it.翻到第40页，你就会找到它。（5） 变成 It is getting colder，and I think the rain will soon turn to snow.天越来越冷，我想雨很快就会变成雪。归纳拓展有关turn的短语 turn around/round转身 turn down关小；拒绝 turn in 上缴；上交 turn off 关掉 turn up出现，露面，调大 turn over 移交；打翻；翻身 turn out 生产；结果是14. establish用法详解（1） vt建立；创立 establish a school 建立一所学校 establish relationship with 与.建立关系 The committee was established in 1912.这个委员会创立于1912年。 The school has established a successful relationship with the local community.这所学校与当地社区建立了良好的关系。（2） vt制订 establish rules and regulations 制订规章 The university has established new rules and regulations.这所大学制订了信的规章。（3） vt确立；使立足；获得接受 establish .in使.立足于 establish.as 确认.是；认命.是 He established his son in business.他使他的儿子立足于商界。 She has been established as a qualified teacher.她已经被确认是一个合格的教师。词语积累 establishment n.建立；创立；确立特别注意 表示“建立，创立”的词语：set up；start15. limit用法详解（1） vt限制；限定 limit sth. to sth.把.限定在.的范围内 be limited to sth. 受限制于. Try to limit your speech to five minutes.尽量把你的演讲限制在5分钟内。 The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures.教授历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。（2） n.界限；限度 put/set a limit to .对.限制 within the limits of 在.的范围内 without limit 无限制地 There is a limit to .有对.的限制 They have to set a limit to the expense of the trip.他们不得不限制这趟旅行的费用。 Our life has a limit，but knowledge is without limit.生命有限，知识无涯。词语积累 limitless adj.无限制地；无界限的 limited adj.有限的 limitation n. 局限16. loss用法详解（1） n.丧失；损失 loss of sight 失明 at a loss 不知所措；蒙受损失 memory losses 失去了记忆力 Im at a loss what to do next.我对下一步作什么心里没谱。 Therefore，fish fatty acid can improve memory and learning ability，and can even prevent memory loss. 所以，鱼脂肪酸不但能提高记忆和学习能力，甚至还能预防记忆力衰退。（2） n.去世，逝世 The loss of his wife was a great blow to him.他妻子的去世对他是个巨大的打击。词语积累 lose vt失去 lose ones job失业 lost adj.迷路的；迷失的；丢失的 make up for lost time 弥补失去的时间 be lost in 迷失于；沉浸于17. contribution用法详解（1） n.捐款；捐资 make a contribution to charity给慈善事业捐款 Personally，I am ready to make a contribution to those who are badly off. 就我而言，我是很乐意捐款给那些穷困潦倒的人的。（2） n.贡献 make a contribution to(doing)为.做贡献 Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment.每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。（3） n.稿件 All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday. 所有要在五月这一期发表的稿件必须在星期五以前寄到。词语积累 contribute vt 捐献；撰稿；是.的原因之一 contribute to为.捐献/撰稿；导致；促成 contributor n. 投稿人；捐款者；（节目的）嘉宾特别注意 表示“向.捐款”的短语：donate to18. within用法详解（1） prep.在（某段时间，距离或范围）之内 within reach of在.附近（距离不远）. Within ones reach 够得着 within walking distance 步行距离内 You should receive a reply within seven days.你会在七天之内收到答复。 You can go by bus，but its within walking distance.你可以乘公共汽车去，但那儿很近，走过去就行。 We are now within range of enemy fire.我们现在处于敌人的活力射程以内。（2） prep.在.里；在.内部 within oneself 从某人内心 The noise seems to be coming from within the building.吵闹声像是从楼房里传出来的。 It built up a state of tension within themselves.那使他们心里十分紧张。（3） adv.里面 A small voice called from within，“Yes，just coming.”里面传来一个轻柔的声音：“好，就来” “God!”cried Dennis from within,”on,my God!”天哪！”丹尼斯心里惊呼道，“啊，我的天哪!”特别注意 within的反义词是beyond，介词，表示“超出.的范围”。相关短语：beyond ones reach够不着；beyond doubt 毫无疑问19. investigate用法详解 vi&vt调查；研究 investigate+how从句 调查如何. investigate thoroughly 彻底调查 The police are investigating the murder.警察正在调查这件谋杀案。 The research investigates how foreign speakers gain fluency.这项研究旨在调查讲外语的人如何增加流利程度。 The government urged the school to investigate thoroughly school bullying.政府敦促学校彻底调查校园欺凌行为。词语积累 investigation n.调查；研究 under investigation 正在被调查 make a thorough investigation into 对.进行彻底调查 investigator n.调查者；侦查员特别注意 表示“调查”的短语：look into20. issue用法详解（1） n.重要议题；争论的问题；问题 address/bring up/debate an issue 处理/提出/讨论问题 a controversial issue 有争议的话题 We need to do our best to address important issues.我们需要尽最大努力解决重要的问题。（2） n.（杂志等）一期；期号 The article appeared in the latest issue of the magazine.该文发表在最新一期杂志上。（3） n.发行；分发 I bought a set of the new stamps on the date of issue.我在新邮票发行的当天就买了一套。（4） vt.宣布；公布 issue sth.（to sb.）（向某人）宣布某事 They issued a joint statement denying the charges.他们发表联合声明否认指控。（5） vt.出版，发行 issue stamps 发行邮票 The editor told me that be would issue my recent poems in about a months time. 编辑告诉我，他将在大约一个月后出版我最近的诗作。21. conduct用法详解（1） n.【U】行为；品行 bad/violent conduct 品行不端/暴力行为 Two players were sent off for violent conduct.两名球员因暴力行为被罚出场。（2） n.知道；管理 under the conduct of.在.管理/指导下 Under the conduct of his father，their business was very successful.在他父亲的管理下，他们的事业相当成功。（3） vt组织；安排；实施；执行 conduct a survey/an experiment/an interview 进行调查/实验/面试 I decided to conduct an experiment.我决定进行一次实验。（4） vt.指挥（歌唱或音乐演奏） Who conducts the orchestra？谁指挥交响乐团？（5） vt举止；表现 conduct oneself well/badly 举止，表现好/差 He conducted himself far better than expected.他表现得比预料得要好得多。（6） vt带领；引导；为（某人）导游 conduct sb. into/to.领某人进入/到. conduct sb. over/around.引导某人参观. He conducted me into the room.他领我进入房间。词语积累 conductor n.指挥；列车长；（公共骑车的）售票员特别注意 表示“表现好/坏”的短语：behave oneself well/badly22. donate用法详解（1） vt&vi(尤指向慈善