仁爱版英语八年级上重点短语及句型(共46页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上八年级(上册)Unit 1 Play Sports【考点解析】Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball?Section A 1We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three against表示“对着：反对；靠着” 2cheer sbon为加油，鼓劲 3win和beat都可表示“赢”，但用法不同。 (1) win(won，won)一般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。 (2) beat(beat，beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。 a game a team win+事物 a war beat+对手 a nation a prize an apponent(对手) 4prefer宁愿，更喜欢 (1)prefer doing sthto doing sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事prefer sbsthto sb.sth跟某人某物比较起来更喜欢人某物 (2)prefer to do sth(rather)than do sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事 (3)prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事 5jointake part in (1)join参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员 (2)join sb(in doing sth)和某人一起(做某事) (3)join in=take part，in参加某项活动 Section B 1play for a team为某队效力be inon the team在某队打球 2dream作名词，“梦，梦想”。egmy dream job也可作动词dream ofabout sth.doing sth 3“one of the+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最之一”。 4break the record打破记录 5in the 2008 Beijing Olympics在2008年北京奥运会中。“在比赛中”用in egin the racein the basketball game 6give up放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。eggive it up，give up doing sth放弃做某事。 7What a Shame=What a pity真遗憾!Section C 1spendcostpaytake (1)spend作“花费”之意时，指花费时间精力财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。 (2)cost主要指花费金钱时间劳力精力等。主语是某物或某事。其结构是sthcosts sb (3)pay sb，酬谢某人，payfor可等同于spendon，或用cost作同义句转换。 (4)take一般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用it作形式主语。 2do exercise=play sports做运动，锻炼 3There be句型的将来时结构为There isare going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的have和has。 4the high jump跳高 the long jump跳远 5Sure (1)be sure that+从句egI am sure that he is right(2)sbbe sure to do sth某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。 (3)be sure ofabout sthdoing sth“确信”，表示主语对有把握。 (4)用在祈使句里Be sure(not)to do sth一定(不)做某事 egBe sure to come here early6make的用法。(1)make sbdo sth使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原to。(2)“make sbsth+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。(3)make sthfor sbmake sbsth为某人制作 7be good for“对有益”，反义词组是be bad for“对有害”。 8keep healthy=keep fit保持健康 Section D 1play against跟进行比赛 play withplay againstplay for play with玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与玩耍。play against同比赛。 play for为效力。2leavefor离开某地去某地leave for=set off for出发去某地 3一般将来时 (1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，soon，later on，next time(week，month，year，Sunday)等。 (2)结构为be going to do sth或will do sth。There be句型的将来时结构为There isare going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的havehas。 (3)表示位置移动的动词go, come，leave，fly，start等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中go和come一定要用现在进行时表示将来。 【例19】(10年河北中考)This term_ overThe summer vacation is coming in two weeks Ais Bwas Chas been Dwill be 【例20】(10年重庆中考)If you_ to the 2010 Shanghai Expo next week，I will go with you Ago Bhas gone Cwill go Dare going【考点解析】Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water?Section A 1wouldcouldwill you(please)do sth“请你做好吗?”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是wouldcouldwill you(please)not do sth。egWould you please not play the piano loudly? 2fall ill“生病”，be ill“生病的”，强调一种状态。feel ill“感觉不舒服”，强调一种身体感受。fall down摔倒，跌倒。 3mind的用法(1)作动词，表示“介意”，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是mind sbsthdoing sth 对would you mind sbsb's doing sth及“would you mind if+从句”的回答，如果是表达“会介意”，可用Yes，you'd better notI am sorry but I do如果表达“不会介意”，可用No，not at allNever mindIt doesn't matterNo，of course not (2)用于提出建议。Would you mind doing sthwould you mind not doing sth? 对Would you mind doing sth的回答可以用Of course not，I will do it right awaySorryI will do it right away对would you mind not doing sth的回答可以用Sorry，I won't do it againI'm sorry about that (4)作名词，“思想”。set one's mind to do sthon sth专注于做某事 4be gladhappy to do sth乐意做某事 5practice sthdoing sth练习做某事 Section B 1be always doing sth老是，含有抱怨的感情色彩。 2careless形容词，反义词是careful。carelessly副词，反义词是carefully 3chance机会have a chance to do sth有机会做某事get a chance to do sth得到一个机会做某事 4What do you mean by sthdoing sth?=What's the meaning of sthdoing sth? 5shout at sb朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。shout to sb朝某人喊叫，只是为了使对方听到，没有感情色彩。 6fight with sb=have a fight with sb与某人打架 7be angry with sb意为“生某人的气”，如：【链接】(1) be angry at 对某人的言行感到气愤，(2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气，如： 8do one's best to do sth=try to do sth尽力做某事 9say sorryhellogoodbye to sb向某人道歉问候，道 10befeel sorry forto do为而抱歉(难过)11keep的用法(1) keep sbdoing sth使某人一直做某事 (2)“keep sbsth+宾补+adj”使某人某物处于某种状态 (3)“keep sbsth+宾补+adv”使某人某物处于某种状态 (4)keep doing sth继续不断做某事e (5)“keep+表语”，表示保持继续(处于某种状态) egkeep fithealthy (6)赡养egMy father keeps a big family (7)保存，保留egHow long can I keep the book? 12turn down调低音量turn up调高音量turn on打开turn off关上 注意代词都要放在中间。 【分析比较】turn on“打开(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)” turn off“关掉(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)”。 turn up“开大，调高”。 turn down“减少，关小” 13in a minuteright awayat once立刻，马上 14对sorry的回答可以是That's OK(all right)It doesn't matterNever mindNot at allSection C 1love doingto do sth喜欢做某事 2excitingexcited exciting指使人感到兴奋的事 excited是指人对感到兴奋 3as welltooalsoeithersoneither (1)tooas well表示“也”，一般放在句末，且前用逗号隔开，常用于肯定句。egTom is a student；Jack is a student，tooas well (2)also表示“也”，用于肯定句中，放在be动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。 (3)在否定句中，都要改为either。 (4)so表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示肯定，其结构是“so+ be动词助动词情态动词+主语”。egKate went shopping yesterday；Tom went shopping，tooas well(so did Tom) (5)neither表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示否定，其结构是“neither+ be动词助动词情态动词+主语”。eg。Kate didn't go shopping yesterday；Tom didn't go shopping，either(Neither did Tom) 4so that引导目的状语从句，含义是“以便，目的是，为了”。从句的谓语动词要用may，can，should，could等情态动词，表示目的状语，相当于in order that，可以改成in order to do句型。egLet's take the front seats so thatin order that we may see more clearly=Let's take the front seats in order to see more clearly 6otherothersanotherthe otherthe others other作形容词，指“其他的，别的”。egother students others(1)别人egYou must be polite to others(2)“其他的人或物”，指在一个范围之内，除去一部分后剩余的部分，而不是全部，一般出现短语someothers中。e.gThere are many students in the classroom，some are reading，some are writing，others are talking another(1)(三者或三者以上)“又一个，再一个”。不确定数量中的另外一个。Jack has bought another pen(2)别的，不同的。I don't like this shirtPlease show me another one(3)another+数词+名词一数词+more+名词。“再多一些”，在原来的基础上再加一些。 onethe other两者之间一个另一个 Section D 1连接时间的介词用法(1)ago“多久之前”，用过去式。结构是“段时间+ago” egtwo days ago(2)“before+点时间”，表示“在几点前”，可用过去时、将来时或一般现在时。egThey will be here before 7：00。(3)“in+段时间”，指“多久之后”，用将来时。egWe will get to Beijing in three days(4)“after+点时问”，在几点之后，可用过去时，将来时或一般现在时。egWe often play football after 5：00 in the afternoon“after+段时间”，表示“多久之后”，只能用于过去式。egHe came back after four days2instead副词，“代替。而。相反”，单独使用时放句末。instead of sthdoing sth. 取代而不是 3build sbup使某人更强壮 4have fun doing sth做某事很愉快 (1) have fun= enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩得开心，过得快乐 (2) have fun with ab. 与某人共度快乐时光 (3) Have funEnjoy yourselfHave a good time等可以作为对别人出行前得祝福。 Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in?Section A 1the sports meetmeeting运动会the boys' 800一meter race男子800米赛跑the long jump跳远the high jump跳高the relay race接力赛跑 2It's theone's firstsecondtime to do sth 3make friends with sb与某人交朋友。注意friends要用复数形式。 4be ready for sth为某事而准备。 5maybemay be maybe=perhaps副词，“也许，大概”。egMaybe he is at the bus station nowmay be是情态动词may后接动词原形be， Section B l. 打电话问对方是某人时，可以问Is that(speaking)?回答可以是Yes，who's that?Speaking 问对方是谁时用Who is that?告诉对方自己是谁时，应该说This is(speaking)。找人接电话时，应该说Hello，may I speak to sb?回答时如果是本人接的电话，可以直接说speaking。 2Let's make it half past six让我们定在六点半吧。 make it(1)指约定时间egLet's make it at 6：30(2)办成，做到(打算或希望做的事) 3pass动词，“传递”。pass sbsth=pass sthto sb把某物传给某人。egWould you please pass me the book?“经过”。egShe was the first one to pass the finishing linepass by“经过(某地)”。past可作副词或介词，“在旁经过”。egHe hurried past me without stopping to talk with me【例6】(09年新疆中考)Did you see the accident yesterday?YesIt happened when I the museumAwalked pass Bwas walking past Cwalk past Dwas walking pass 【例7】We need _ _ _ (再加两个人)to do the work 4congratulations祝贺你。当别人取得成绩、荣誉时，我们可以对他说：Congratulations! 【例8】(10年广东中考)Yesterday 1 won the first place in the 100-meter race Really? _ ! ACongratulations BNever mind CThat's all right DI'm sorry to hear that 5take photospictures照相 egLook，lots of students are taking photos of the beautiful flowers 【例9】(10年兰州中考) what are on show in the museum? Some photos_ by the children of Yushu，Qinghai Ahave been taken Bwere taken Care taken DtakenSection C 1holdhave a sports meet举行运动会 2be good at sthdoing sth=do well in sthdoing sth擅长(做)某事 do badly in sthdoing sth在某方面做得糟糕 【例10】His father is good at making model planes(同义句改写) His father_ _ _ _model planes 3encourage sbto do sth鼓励某人做某事。 【例11】 My father often encourages me_(study)hard 4take exercise=do sports做运动。其中exercise是不可数名词，意思是“运动，锻炼”。它也可以做可数名词，意思是“练习，体操”。egdo morning exercises做早操 【例12】(10年陕西中考) what do you think of the _ ? I think they are good for our eyesWe should do them often Aeyes exercise Beye exercise Ceye exercises 5be able to和can (1) 表示现在或过去的能力时两者相同。 e.g. I could ride a bike at the age of 8. =I was able to ride a bike at the age of 8. 我八岁时就会骑自行车了。 (2) be able to有人称时态及数的变化，而can只有过去式could. e.g. We will be able to make it in 2010. 到2010年我们就可以做到了。 (3)表示请求、允许及否定判断时，只能用can。 e.g. The boy cant be Mike，he left for Paris yesterday. 那个男孩不可能是Mike.，他昨天去巴黎了。 【例13】Jack's father_ _ _(能)swim when he was five years old【例】Could I use your dictionary?Yes，you_.Acan Bcould Cneed Dshould 6do sthfor the firstsecondtime第一二次做某事egWe took part in the school sports meet for the second time last year 【例14】 China took part in the Olympics the first time in 1951 Aat Bfor Cto Don 7more“更多”，后可接可数或不可数名词。反义词是less，“更少”，接不可数名词。fewer“更少”，接可数名词复数。 【例15】(10年黄冈中考) What's the low-carbon lifestyle like? Save_ energy，produce_ carbon Amore；more Bless；more Cless；less Dmore；lessSection D 1stand for代表 egRed stands for good luck in China 【例16】(08年龙岩中考)The Tang costume_ _(代表)Chinese history and fashion culture 2at least=as little as至少，反义词是at most=as much as至多。 【例17】 This pair of shoes costs_ _(至少)200 yuan 【例18】(10年成都中考)The food I cook isn't delicious，but _I can look after myself Aat first Bat last Cat least【习题精练】I词汇 A根据汉语或首字母提示填写单词。 1The r_ for joining the English club is to be able to practice more English 2The modern_(奥运会)started in Athens 3There are many_(旅游者)visiting Beijing every year 4We should improve our _(环境)and keep it clean 5Five rings are a s_ of the Olympic Games B根据汉语提示及句子意思补全句子。 1I was the winner in the_ _(跳高)in the school sports meeting 2Jack_ _ (可能)ill nowI saw him in the hospital just now 3Would you mind cleaning the floor? I am sorry，I will do it_ _ (立刻) 4You know his words_ _(代表)our idea 5We can_ more(和交朋友)_ with foreigners单项选择 1(10年杭州中考) Would you like to have _ chicken? No，thanksIt's delicious，but I've had enough Asome other Bsome more Canother some 2(10年长沙中考)I am sure you will_ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them Acatch up with Bagree with Cget on badly with Dmake friends with 3(10年安徽中考) It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw picturesRightThat's what she likes to do _ Amore Blest Cmost Dleast 4(10年十堰中考) Where is Jeff? I'm not sureHe _playing football on the playground Amaybe Bmay be Ccan be Dmust be 5(10年安徽中考)Bob promises to_ the football match unless he has to help his parents on the farm Ajoin Bjoin in Ctake part to 6(10年山西中考)English is difficult for meHow can I improve it? Don't lose your confidenceI believe you will_ it if you keep trying Atake Bwork Cpick Dmake 7(09年山西中考) Is it polite to speak and laugh loudly _ ? No，I don't think so A. in public Bat least Con time 8(09年新疆中考) Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes，We were all_ about the_ match Aexciting；excited Bexciting；exciting Cexcited；excited Dexcited；exciting 9(09年广州中考)Have you _ your new classmates yet? Ahad friends with Bmade friend with Cgot friend to Dmade friends with 10(09年宁德中考)I called you yesterday，but nobody_ the phone Achecked Brepaired Canswered 11(09年天门中考)why do you like that scarf so much? Because I think it can_ me good luck Afetch Bbring Cpass Dtake 12(09年潍坊中考)Liu Qian，as a little boy，was so_ his own magic world that he seldom went out to play with other children Agood at Bmad about Cpopular with Dafraid of 13(09年福州中考)We will build a subway in Fuzhou before 2014 Wow，_ !Will it pass our place? Awhat an excited news Bhow excited the news is Cwhat exciting news Dhow exciting news 14(08年南通中考) Hello! May I speak to MrSmith? _，pleaseHe is answering another call right now AGo on BCome on CKeep on DHold on 15(07年厦门中考)Doctors often suggest，“_vegetables and meat can help you keep fit” AMore；less BFew；much CFewer；more(10年东营中考)阅读表达(共5小题，计10分) 阅读短文，根据要求完成下面各小题。 If the only sports you do are dancing your fingers across your keyboard，you could be in serious danger of more than just becoming fat! Do you feel sleepy，like something is weighing down on your head? Do you feel forgetful? Do you sometimes feel uncomfortable up and down your neck and lower back，and you can't explain why? Do you get sick often? It could be radiation(辐射)from your computer causing itIf you spend three hours or more a day in front of a computer，(and at this point，who doesn't?) you are more easily harmed by these hazards(危害) We have got so used to using comp