初三英语上册(外研版)Module-8-Sports-life-知识点总结(共17页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初三英语上册（外研版）Module 8 Sports life 知识点总结一、重点词汇  stand for  · 原文再现  What does HAS stand for?  HAS代表什么？· 基本用法  stand for 意为“象征；代表”，该短语不用于被动语态，也不使用进行时态。如：  Do you know what GDP stands for?  你知道GDP代表什么吗？  No one knows what the sign stands for.  没人知道这个符号代表什么。  memory  · 原文再现  If my memory is correct, HAS 98 points to BIG 52.  如果我没记错的话，（比分是）海淀全兴队98分比北京国际巨人队52分。· 基本用法  memory  n. 记忆；回忆，既可以用作可数名词，指记住的人或事物；也可以用作不可数名词，指记忆的  能力。如：  I have only an indistinct memory of my grandfather.  我对祖父只有模糊的印象。  His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.  他最好的乐曲创作灵感来自怀念他的母亲。  point  · 原文再现  If my memory is correct, HAS 98 points to BIG 52.  如果我没记错的话，（比分是）海淀全兴队98分比北京国际巨人队52分。· 基本用法  1. point  n. 比分，其复数形式为points。如：  They lost the 1977 World Cup final to Australia by a single point.  他们在1977年的世界杯决赛中仅以一分之差输给了澳大利亚队。  2. point  v. 指；指向；朝向  The ancient Chinese knew that a magnet will point north and south.  古代中国人就知道磁石会指南。· 知识拓展  相关短语  point of view 意为“观点”，如：  Try to look at this from my point of view.  词义辨析：point词组  point 做动词时，有 point to/point at/point with 三个词组，其区别主要是：  1. point to 和 point at 都有“指向”之意，有时可以互换。  2. point to 多指较远距离的事物，to 着重于指方向，主语既可以是人，也可以是物。  He pointed to the house on the corner and said, “Thats where I live. ”  他指着拐角处的房子说：“我就住在那里。”  3. point at 多指向较近距离的事物，at 着重于指的对象，其主语通常是人；但  point.at 还有“瞄准”之意。  He was talking while pointing at the map.  他一边用手指着地图一边讲话。  4. point out 是“指出”之意，out是副词。如：  We will point out some of the major differences as we go along.  在讲解过程中我们将指出其中的一些主要区别。  decision  · 原文再现  That was a bad decision.  那是个错误的决定。· 基本用法  decision  n. 决定  make/reach/arrive  a decision 意为：做决定。  It's not right to make a decision without investigation and study.  没有调查研究就作出决定是不妥的。  We cant reach a decision without our chairman.  主席不在场，我们做不了决定。· 知识拓展-相关单词  decide  v. 决定，判断，断定，decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，相当于make up ones mind to do   sth.。如：  He decided to get married.  他决定结婚。  excuse  · 原文再现  Thats no excuse!  别找理由！· 基本用法  excuse  n. （辩解的）理由；借口。如：  His excuse for being late was that he had missed the train.  他迟到的理由是没有赶上火车。  excuse  vt. 原谅；辩解，“Excuse me. ” 意为“对不起，打扰了。”，excuse me for意为“原谅我”。如：  Excuse me, but I must say you are completely wrong.  对不起，但是我必须说你完全错了。  Please excuse me for my bad handwriting.  请原谅我的字写得不好。  seat  · 原文再现  Its next Saturday at noon, but if you want good seats, you should come by 11:30.  是在下个星期六的正午，但是如果你想要好的座位，你应该在11:30之前来。· 基本用法  1. seat  n. 座位。如：  He sat down on the nearest seat.  他在最近的座位上坐下来。  2. seat  vt. 使就座；使就职，一般接人或反身代词作宾语，常用于be seated结构。如：  We want to buy a car that can seat five persons.  我们想买一辆能坐五个人的汽车。  We can only seat you in twenty minutes.  20分钟以后能安排您入座。  They are seated there.  他们坐在那儿。· 知识拓展-词义辨析：seat/sit  1. seat 多用作名词，表“座位”。当它用作动词时表“坐、就座”，是及物动词，与反身代词连用。如：  He seated himself at a desk.  他在桌旁坐下。  Please be seated , gentlemen.  请就座，各位先生。  Please go back to your seat.  请回到你的座位上去。  2. sit 为不及物动词。如：  Sit down, please.  请坐  no way  · 原文再现  No way!  不可能！· 基本用法  No way! 意为“不可能！”。如：  You can in no way surrender.  你决不能投降。  Do you think she will win? 你认为她会赢吗？  No way! 不可能！· 知识拓展-相关短语  1. by the way 意为“顺便说说话，附带说说”。如：  Oh, by the way, there is a telephone message for you.  噢，顺便告诉你，有你一个电话口信。  2. on the/ one's way to 意为“去.的路上”，后加副词时，不用to。  I met an old friend on the way to work this morning.  今天早上我在上班的路上碰到了一位老朋友。  3. in the way造成不便或阻碍。如：  Im afraid your car is in the way.  看来你的汽车挡道了。  4. by way of 路径；途径。如：  They are travelling to France by way of London.  他们去法国旅游，途径伦敦。  They learn English by way of watching TV.  他们看电视学英语。  fair  · 原文再现  Thats not fair!  那样不公平！· 基本用法  1. fair  adj. 公平的；合理的。如：  Soames said that he was not getting a fair go.  索米斯说他没有得到公平的对待。  2. fair  n. 展览会；集市。如：  There is a fair in the town square.  市中心广场有个集市。  kick  · 原文再现  Remember to throw the ball, not kick it, Tony!  记住传球，不要踢球，托尼！· 基本用法  1. kick  v. 踢 （过去式：kicked  过去分词：kicked  现在分词：kicking  第三人称单数：kicks）  kick a ball意为“踢球”，如：  Its not fair to kick another player in football.  足球比赛中不允许踢另一位球员。  2. kick  n. 踢，如：  He gave the table an angry kick.  他狠狠地朝桌子踢了一脚。  mad  · 原文再现  He is so mad at us that hell try harder to win, just to show were wrong!  他对我们如此生气以致他会更加努力赢得比赛，仅仅为了证明我们错了！· 基本用法  mad  adj. 很生气；气氛，be mad at sb.意为“对某人生气”。如：  Shes mad at me for being late.  我迟到了，她非常气愤。· 知识拓展-相关短语  1. be mad with sb 对某人生气。如：  He is mad with her for being late.  她迟到了，他很气愤。  2. be mad about sth.对某事生气。如：  He was mad about the boys bad behavior.  他因南海的恶劣行为而生气。  high jump  · 原文再现  Liu was encouraged at first to train for the high jump.  刘翔首先被鼓励为跳高而训练。· 基本用法  high jump意为“跳高”。我们将常见的体育运动名称总结如下：  long jump 跳远    jogging 慢跑   running 跑步   surfing 冲浪    skiing 滑冰   wind surf 风帆    swimming 游泳     suspension loop 吊环      ability  · 原文再现  In 1998, Liu Xiangs ability in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping, who later became his coach.  1998年，刘翔的教练孙海平发现了他的跨栏（跑和跳）天赋。· 基本用法  ability  n. 能力，have the ability to do sth.意为“有能力做某事”。如：  He has the ability to speak English fluently.  他能说流利的英语。· 知识拓展-相关单词  able  adj. 有能力的；能干的，可用作表语或定语，通常用于be able to do sth.结构，意为“能/会做某事”。  如：  He is an able manager.  他是位有能力的经理。  Everyone here is able to type.  这儿的每个人都会打字。  race  · 原文再现  His races were recorded, and he was compared with the worlds best sports stars.  刘翔的比赛被记录下来，然后把他的表现和世界一流运动员进行比较。· 基本用法  1. race  n. 赛跑；比赛。如：  Every morning he spent two hours training for the race.  他每天早晨花两个小时练习赛跑。  2. race  n. 人种；种族。如：  They have different races.  他们是不同种族的人。  3. race  v. 赛跑；竞赛。如：  Ill race you to the bus stop.  我要和你赛一赛，看谁先跑到汽车站。  record  · 原文再现  His races were recorded, and he was compared with the worlds best sports stars.  刘翔的比赛被记录下来，然后把他的表现和世界一流运动员进行比较。· 基本用法  1. record  v. 记录（过去式：recorded  过去分词：recorded  现在分词：recording 第三人称单数：records  be recorded是被动语态，意为“被记录”。如：  I recorded the score in a notebook.  我在笔记本上记下了分数。  2. record  n. 纪录；记载；经历，keep a record意为“保持/做记录”，break a record意为“打破记录”，  make/set a record意为“做记录”。如：  You should keep a record of your expenses.  你应该记下你的各项开支。  He broke a record in running.  他打破了一项赛跑的纪录。  I made a record of all that he said.  我记下他所说的话。  Japan  · 基本用法  Japan  n. 日本  The kimono is part of the national costume of Japan.    和服是日本民族服装的一部分。· 知识拓展-相关单词  1. Japanese  n. 日本人；日语  She comes from Japan and she is Japanese.  她来自日本，她是日本人。  2. Japanese  adj. 日本的；日本人的；日语的  Japanese houses are chiefly composed of wood.  日本人的房子主要由木头造成。  Asian  · 原文再现  It was also the first time an Olympic gold medal for hurdling was hung round the nect of a sportsperson   from an Asian country.  也是第一次一枚奥运会跨栏的金牌挂在了一名亚洲国家运动员的脖子上。· 基本用法  Asian  adj. 亚洲的；亚洲人的  How many Asian countries have taken part in the sport meeting?  有多少亚洲国家参加这次运动会？· 知识拓展-相关单词  Asia  n. 亚洲  China is a developing country in Asia.  中国是亚洲的发展中国家。  suffer  · 原文再现  From 2008 on, he suffered a lot from his foot problem, but he did not give up.  从2008年开始，他遭受着来自脚伤的巨大痛苦，但是他没有放弃。· 基本用法  suffer  v. 患有（疾病等）；经受，suffer from意为“受（某种病痛）折磨；因而受苦”。如：  How can you suffer such a thing?  你怎么能容忍这样的事情？  Do you suffer from headaches?  你头痛吗？  courage  · 原文再现  But he is still a symbol of courage and success, and we continue to take great pride in him.  但是他仍然是勇气和成功的象征，我们依然为他感到十分骄傲。· 基本用法  courage  n. 勇气；胆量，have the courage to do sth. 意为“有勇气做某事”。如：  I dont think I have courage to tell him the bad news.  我觉得我没有勇气告诉他这个坏消息。· 知识拓展-相关单词  encourage  v. （过去式：encouraged  过去分词：encouraged  现在分词：encouraging 第三人称单数：  encourages）  encourage sb to do sth 意为：鼓励某人做某事  They encourage me to apply for the job.  他们鼓励我去应聘这份工作。  pride  · 原文再现  But he is still a symbol of courage and success, and we continue to take great pride in him.  但是他仍然是勇气和成功的象征，我们依然为他感到十分骄傲。· 基本用法  pride  n. 自豪感；骄傲，take pride in 感到自豪，相当于be proud of。如：  His father always takes pride in him.  他爸爸总是以他而自豪。  Be proud of what you've achieved.  为你取得的成就自豪吧！二、重点句型  Er most of them.    嗯大多数。· 基本用法  most of 意为“大多数”，作主语时，谓语应和of的宾语在数上保持一致。如：  Most of the students in our class are girls.  我们班大多数学生是女孩。  Most of the work has already been done.  大部分工作已经做完了。· 出题建议  题型选择：单选，并在关键词中输入：most。  Face the truth, Tony.    面对现实吧，托尼。· 基本用法  face the truth 意为“面对现实”，这里的 face 作动词，意为“面临；面对；正视”。如：  He turned and faced her.他转过身来面对她。· 知识拓展-相关短语  1. face 做动词时，相关短语有：  face up to 勇敢地面对。如：  He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young.  他应该勇于正视自己不再年轻这一事实。  2. face作名词时，意为“脸；面孔”。相关短语有：  (1). face to face 面对面。如：  Lets talk about the problem face to face.  让我们面对面讨论一下这个问题。  (2). in the face of 面临。如：  They showed courage in the face of danger.  面对危险他们表现除了勇气。  (3). lose face 丢面子。如：  He will lose face if he does not keep his promise.  如果他不遵守诺言，他就会感到羞愧。  (4). make a face/faces 做鬼脸。如：  She was making faces in the glass.  她对着镜子作出各种面容。  But Daming wasnt chosen for the team last time.    但是上一次大明没有被选入队。· 基本用法  “wasn't chosen” 是一般过去式的被动语态的否定形式。一般过去式的被动语态的结构为：was/were+过去  分词。其否定式为：was/were+not+过去分词，详细内容可参看 Unit 2/Unit 3中的重点语法部分。  The book was written by Lu Xun.  这本书是鲁迅写的。  My umbrella was taken by someone.  我的雨伞被某个人拿走了。  Hes so mad at us that hell try harder to win, just to show were wrong!    他对我们如此生气以致他会更加努力赢得比赛，仅仅为了证明我们错了！· 基本用法  1. try to do sth.意为“努力或尽力做某事”，指试图做某种很难的事，其否定形式为try not to do sth.。如：  He tried to work out the problem.  他努力地去解决这个问题。  try doing sth.表示“试着（用什么方法）去做某事”。如：  Lets try doing the exercise in another way.  让我们试一试用另外一种方法做这道练习题。  2. show+that引导的从句，其中that可以省略。show 还可以用于如下结构中：  show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.向某人展示某物。如：  Could you show me your new coat?=Could you show your new coat to me?  你能给我看看你的新大衣吗？  In 1998, Liu Xiangs ability in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping, who later    became his coach.    1998年，刘翔的教练孙海平发现了他的跨栏（跑和跳）天赋。· 基本用法  1. ones ability in doing sth. 意为“某人做某事的能力”。如：  He shows great ability in solving problems.  他处理问题能力很强。  2. was noticed by Sun Haiping 为一般过去时的被动语态，意为“被孙海平注意到”，详情可参看本单元的  重点语法部分。  3. who later became his coach 是一个定语从句，修饰Sun Haiping，引导词为 who，引导词在定语从句中  做主语。如：  I dont know the girl who is standing under the tree.  我不认识那个站在树下的女孩。  In 2001, a special programme was set up to help young sportsmen and     sportswomen.    2001年，一个特殊的项目设立了，帮助了年轻的那黁运动员。· 基本用法  1. 本句中“was set up” 为一般过去时的被动语态，具体参看本单元的重点语法部分。  2. set up 意为：设立，建立  A new government was set up after the war.  新政府于战后成立。  3. to help young sportsmen and sportswomen 为动词不定式，在句中做目的状语。  It was also the first time an Olympic gold medal for hurdling was hung round the    neck of a sportsperson from an Asian country.    这也是第一次奥运会跨栏金牌挂在了一名亚洲运动员的脖子上。· 基本用法  本句中 time 做次数讲，后面为定语从句，定语从句可以由that 引导，也可省略。  It is the first time that I speak in public.  这是我第一次在公共场合发言。  From 2008 on, he suffered a lot from his foot problem, but he did not give up.    从2008年开始，他遭受着来自脚伤的巨大痛苦，但是他没有放弃。· 基本用法  1. fromon 表示“从时候开始”。如：  From now on you can work on your own.  从现在开始你可以独自工作。  She never spoke to him again from that day on.  从那天起她就再没和他说话。  2. suffer from 意为“受痛苦；患病”。如：  He is suffering from a bad cold.  他在患重感冒。  He suffers from asthma.  他患有哮喘。  3. give up 意为“放弃”，give up doing sth 意为：放弃某事，如：  Although maths is very difficult, dont give it up.  尽管数学很难，但别放弃它。  You must give up smoking.  你必须戒烟。  It is a pity that foot problem stopped him from completing the 2012 London    Olympic Games.    遗憾的是，他的脚伤阻止了他完成2012年伦敦奥运会的比赛。· 基本用法  1. Its a pity that 意为：真遗憾。如：  Its a pity that you cant stay longer.  你不能再多停留些时间，真是遗憾。如：  What a pity!  真遗憾！  2. stop sb./sth. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”，from可以省略。stop也可以用prevent  和keep替换。如：  Nothing can stop us from doing so if we want to.  如果我们想这样做的话，没有什么能阻止我们。  But he is still a symbol of courage and success, and we continue to take great    pride in his.    但是他（刘翔）仍然是勇气和成功的象征，我们依然为他感到十分骄傲。· 基本用法  1. continue doing sth.继续做某事。如：  He continued working after an operation.  手术后他继续工作。  The rain continued falling all afternoon.  这场雨持续了整整一个下午。  2. take pride in意为“以为骄傲”，相当于be proud of。如：  We take pride in our great motherland=We are proud of our great motherland.  我们为我们伟大的祖国而感到自豪。  Go on, ask me the first question.    继续，问我第一个问题。· 基本用法  go on 意为“继续”，go on doing sth.意为“继续做某事（同一件事）”；go on to do sth.意为“做完一件事继续  做另一件事”。如：  He said nothing but just went on working.  他什么都不说只是不停地干活。  After her early teaching career she went on to become a doctor.  继早年从教之后她当了一名医生。  Its important to find a club that fits you.    找一个适合你的俱乐部是重要的。· 基本用法  Its+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是的”，其中it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to find   a club that fits you。如：  Its easy to find a restaurant here.在这里找到一个餐馆是很容易的。  People say Ive got no chance of becoming really good at taekwondo in five years.    有人说我没有机会在五年内成为真正擅长跆拳道的人。· 基本用法  1. get no chance of doing sth.没有机会做某事。如：  I've got no chance of playing basketball well in one week.  我不可能在一周内练习好打篮球。  2. become good at sth.意为“变得擅长某事”，相当于be good at sth.，也可用become/be good at   doing sth.如：  He becomes good at tennis now.  他现在擅长网球。  She is good at playing table tennis.  她擅长打品乓球。  He set up a competition with other hospitals at the same time as the London    Olympics in that year.    他和在同一时期的其他的医院建立起一种竞争机制作为那一年伦敦奥林匹克比赛项目。· 基本用法  1. set up 意为“建立；创立；扶持；安排”，当宾语是代词时，要放在set和up中间。如：  A fund will be set up for the dead mens families.  抚恤死难工人家属的基金会即将建立起来。  2. at the same time as 意为“在的同时”。如：  I wish he would go home at the same time as I do.  但愿他能跟我同时回家。三、重点语法  一般过去时的被动语态  · 结构  肯定式：was /were +动词的过去分词  The zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.  否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ by  She was not given a painting by him .  一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ?  Was the zipper invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893?  特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+by  Who was it/were they invented by?  When was tea first drunk?  When was tea brought to other countries?  How was the cat found?  主动变被动的方法  1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。  2. 把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）。（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。  3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如：  All the people laughed at him.  He was laughed at by all people.  They make the bikes in the factory.  The bikes are made by them in the factory.  口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。  一般过去时的被动语态  · 结构  肯定式：was /were