新概念英语第三册笔记第54课上课教案(共12页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness? 是本能还是机智New words and expression 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里Insect 昆虫worm 侧重指蚯蚓、蚕、毛虫等小而无骨的虫。还可以指人或动物体内的寄生虫，以及昆虫的幼虫。pest 指有害的昆虫或有害的小动物。害虫bug 指小昆虫，尤指吸血的臭虫，也可指细菌。insect 含义广泛，多指蚂蚁、黄蜂、蝉等等。六只脚，三部分parasite 寄生虫wage v.进行(斗争)If a person, group, or country wages a campaign or a war, they start it and continue it over a period of time. 发动 (运动或战争)=begin and continue a struggle =carry on 表示开始进行 =launch 发起（重大活动、战役）=undertake to do 着手 -He undertook to inform people concerned.wage a war against /on/ upon 就什么方面展开斗争-Life means perpetual struggle against poverty.engage in不仅开展,而且全身心地投入be engaged in / be determined on sth / be dedicated to sth / be devoted to sth2、工资、报酬 daily wageearnings 多指通过劳动或投资等手段所得到的收入。income 与earnings含义很相近，但前者强调总收入。wage 多用复数形式，指按小时、日或星期的报酬，通常指体力劳动者的工资。pay 是个通用词，可取代salary与wage.salary 指按年定下，按月或星期平均给予的报酬，指脑力劳动者的薪水。allowance 指收入中的补贴部分。津贴（eg:取暖费、高温补贴）Kickback 回扣 pension 养老金，退休金 bonus 奖金，分红（年终奖，腾讯有部分是24-36个月）commission 佣金（提供服务，雇佣兵，杀手，能叫工资吗？） 另：委托、委员会fund 基金（专款资金） foundation 基金会（地基；房基；基础）（组织，fund才是钱）contaminate kntæmnet v.弄脏,玷污 书面一些，新闻报道: make dirty or bad or impure by mixing with dirty or poisonous matterIf something is contaminated by dirt, chemicals, or radiation, they make it dirty or harmful. 污染contaminate 指有害或不良脏物传布遍及原本纯净之物，常指一种缓慢的、间接传播的、意想不到的，或为一般手段所无法察觉的变化，如病菌、放射性尘埃或其他有害化学物质所造成的污染。如果用来形容环境污染，pollute 是最好的； contaminate 形容较小的污染，比如说要检验的样品里混进了细菌就叫做 contaminated specimen-Dont eat the apple .It has been contaminated by flies.-Dont read the hot story ( 黄色书刊 )just because it will contaminate (毒害)your mind.pollute v. 污染pollute 泛指使水面、空气、大气环境变脏，不适于在其中生活或使用，所涉及的不洁物常常是大宗的、广泛的、直接可见的。-The air has been polluted severely / terribly / badly.poison vt 污染(较口语化) -Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our city.provocation n. 惹怒，激怒provoke v.1、激怒；煽动 （对挑衅） 2、引起=make angry or bad-tempered / cause 挑衅，引起，激起-He was provoked beyond his endurance. -He was provoked and it was more than he could endure.他是怒不可遏。arouse v. 激起-The book arouses / provokes my interest.bring about / result in / lead to / give rise toprovoke sbs interest in sth 激起某人兴趣provoke sb to do / provoke sb into doing / cause sb to do sth 致使某人做某时-You provoked him to say so,why? Spider 蜘蛛spider silk 蜘蛛丝 spider web n. 蜘蛛网Wasp 黄蜂（胡峰）Bumblebee bmblbi 大黄蜂 hornet hnt 大黄蜂BBB准确的翻译是“熊蜂”蜜蜂中一些虎背熊腰的种类的统称。简而言之呢，三点：细腰亚目类的昆虫，大致可分为三类：蚂蚁/Ant，蜜蜂/Bee，和黄蜂/Wasp（胡蜂、黄蜂，都是一种东西。）BBB是属于蜜蜂/Bee这一大类的，是熊蜂，个头比较大，可以视为“虎背熊腰的蜜蜂”：一般蜜蜂体长约1.3cm，而熊蜂体长在2.5cm左右。Hornet是黄蜂/Wasp这一大类的，其中那些个头比较大的Wasp被叫做Hornet：亚洲大黄蜂/Asian giant hornet的体长可以达到4cmBBB在这种大黄蜂面前就是一顿饭。从这一点来说，中文里将USS Wasp叫做“黄蜂号”，而称F/A-18为“大黄蜂”，是相当准确的。Moth m 飞蛾Silkworm 蚕 pupa pjup 蛹 larva lv 幼虫 adult 成虫Ant 蚂蚁revulsion rvln n.厌恶 （极端厌恶）八级 对象介词一般用at=disgust n. 厌恶，嫌恶vt. 使厌恶；使作呕 = dislike Be filled with, feel 充满，感到 cause 引起反感 express 表达反感 conceal 掩饰反感Horde hd 群 （一大群） 八级 2、（游牧）部落 tribe 部落uncanny nkæni a.神秘的,不可思议的 （strange and difficult to explain 离奇的 程度高 八级）The hero, Danny, bears an uncanny resemblance to Kirk Douglas主人翁丹尼与柯克·道格拉斯出奇地相像。mysterious a. 神秘的-They are leading a mysterious life. -In spite of this ,he survived mysteriously.eerie a.怪诞的,奇异的-He looks eerie. -What he said is eerie to me.eerie 'r adj. 引起恐惧的，可怕的 (strange and frightening causing a feeling of mystery and fear)the eerie sound of an owl hoots in the forest at night 夜晚猫头鹰在森林里发出令人恐怖的叫声。in the eerie silence 令人恐怖的寂静之中eerily ADV 怪异地; 可怕地weird a.怪异的,怪诞的,奇异的-I cant get along well with him because he is a weird person.erase v.擦,抹去-Erase the idea from your mind! -He erases the name from the namelist.All men are created equal. No matter how hard you try you can never erase those words. That is what America is.write off 把勾销，注销cross off 把划去-The word is unnecessary here, so it crossed off.wipe out 完全擦掉-I want to write on the blackboard , so I have to wipe all the words here out.-I cant imaging why your are so hot ,please wipe out sweat on your face.Praying mantis 螳螂Mantis mænts 螳螂Locust lkst 蝗虫、蚂蚱；洋槐 =grasshopper蝗虫、蚂蚱entranced a.出神的 entrance n/vt: carry away with joy and delight (for v.)ntr:ns; (for n.) entrns n. 入口；进入vt. 使出神，使入迷entrance to the room / hall 介词tobe entranced in thought想得入了迷/出了神 介词in-I dont know what he has in his mind, anyway he is entranced in thought.be entranced with fear 吓得魂不附体 介词with-At the story at night , I was entranced with fear.be pleased with / be satisfied with / be popular with / entranced with +Performance/film/book 表示入迷-He was entranced with film. -Are you entranced with the story?-He listened to the story entranced. -The writer watched ants entranced. 形容词做状语Beetle 甲虫 an insect with a hard covering to its bodydung beetle d n.（动物的）粪，粪肥；肮脏的东西v.（动物）排泄粪便；施粪肥于sheltered adj 伤不着的，无危险的shelter 通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。guard 普通用词，指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。harbour 贬义词，指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。safeguard 语气强，指采取积极措施预防可能发生的一切攻击或危险。defend 普通用词，指用武力或其它措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。shield 语气比protect强，但侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害。protect 普通用词，指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。Luscious ls 甘美的 （满足感官的） 八级 sweet and juicy1、Luscious food is juicy and very good to eat. 美味多汁的If you describe a woman or something about her as luscious, you mean that you find her or this thing sexually attractive. 性感的Cluster klst(r) 一簇1、n （同类物丛生或聚集的）簇，团，束，串2、n A cluster of people or things is a small group of them close together. (人或物的) 群，团，组3、V-I If people cluster together, they gather together in a small group. (人) 结成群 Cluster (together) around 丛生，聚集在周围 in a cluster 成群的Aphid efd 蚜虫 常复数形式Underside ndsad n 底面，下侧Darkside 下面，底面；阴暗面Colony klni 一群 （生物学：群体，菌落） bacterial colony n. （细菌）菌落；细菌聚落社科类：殖民地 特化：(某一类人的) 聚居区 semi-colony半殖民地 semi-colonial半殖民的Old china was a semifeudal and semicolonial country fjudl adj. 封建制度的；领地的；colonize 开拓殖民地；移居于殖民地colonial 殖民的colonization 殖民；殖民地化 colonialism 殖民主义；殖民政策 colonialist 殖民主义者 colonizer 殖民者；殖民地开拓者 sticky 粘的stick vt. 刺，戳；粘贴vi. 坚持；粘住n. 棍；手杖； sticker 贴画stick  v.粘住 （- stick the envelop）n.信封 stick to 坚持 （- stick to the plan / stick to ones promise）n.许诺 sticky  adj.粘的 （- sticky fingers）sticky note 便利贴 sticky business苦差事Cling kl v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging） vi.坚持，墨守；紧贴；附着- She is always clinging to her mother. be always doing sth带有感情。- He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望Scurry skri v 小步跑 (尤指因受惊而) 急促跑 书面 八级Vi When people or small animals scurry somewhere, they move there quickly and hurriedly, especially because they are frightened.Swarm swm v 聚集1、n a of 大群 (蜜蜂等昆虫flying together)；(快速移动的) 一大群人2、vi (蜜蜂或其他昆虫) 大群移动 3、vi (人群) 涌往 somewhere4、 V-I If a place is swarming with people, it is full of people moving about in a busy way. 挤满 usu cont ingenuity ndnjuti n.机灵 （心灵手巧，善于创新; 足智多谋）Ingenuity is skill at working out how to achieve things or skill at inventing new things. 善于创新; 足智多谋-The boy shows ingenuity in making toys. 某方面介词用in 这男孩在制作玩具方面显得机灵。ingenious ndinis 有独创性的；机灵的，精制的；心灵手巧的 六级Text 课文We have been brought up to fear insects. 我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。 或者是“在什么中长大成人”不需要纠结：不定式做主语补足语，补充说明主语成长过程中的状态，而非目的，been brought up 自幼sth/sb be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.We have been brought up to eat certain food.We have learnt to do 表示已经学会适应了什么。-We have learnt to fear insects. -Girls have been brought up to fear mice.We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. 我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。Regard as视为，当做 as短语做宾补 refer to as称为，当做do morn harm than good -The exercise will do you good.-Smoking will do you harm.We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops. 人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。Wage war against / wage war on themDisease，病毒传播快，spread-spread-spread一般用主动，一般而言是“传播力”而非“人为传播”devour 吞噬 v. 狼吞虎咽地吃有三种意思：1. eat like an animal 狼吞虎咽 The dog devours the cake.2. destroy 吞灭，席卷 The flame devours the whole building. 火把整幢楼都吞没了3. take in eagerly with eyes, ears, or mind 贪婪地看、听、读（急切地读，这个意思用的最多，如饥似渴）His eyes devoured the scene. 他两眼贪婪的看着这美丽的风景。Swallow vt.吞咽；忍受；吞没 vi. 吞下；咽下n. 燕子；一次吞咽的量They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat ageist our lighted windows. 它们无缘无故地又叮又咬；夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。fly uninvited into our rooms / without being invited 形容词做状语，这里是比较典型的用法，虽状语作用，但说的是they的状态They are uninvited when they fly into our rooms on summer nights做定语时，light只能用lighted形式We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。书面语中常常借助介词短语，作用：客观化准确化，同之前的多用被动化和名词化一样口语中I did so as / because I believe that you can do it well.是因为我相信你能把这项工作做得很好。书面语中 I did so in the belief thatin the thought that / in the hope thatin / under 书面语中常使用-Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is much more beautiful.-We live under the illusion that city life is wonderful.in dread : in fearin dread of 害怕什么 the dread of对什么的恐惧dread doing =dread to do Dread v.惧怕 （vt. 惧怕，畏惧，引申出担心 n. 恐惧，可怕的人（或物）；（鸟群的）惊飞）Dread + 名词, 动名词, 动词不定式- We were dreading his arrival. 我们正担心他来呢！- He dreaded having to meet his parents.- I dread to think what will happen if he finds out.Dreadful adj.令人恐惧的, 令人不快的- a dreadful disaster 可怕的灾难dreaded adj.感到恐惧的terrify vt.使恐怖, 恐吓 horrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇 fear v.害怕, 畏惧, 为.担心ones : insects在使用not only , but (also)(as well)句型时，要突出介词短语或动词短语中的介词，则此介词要重复出现。-I live in dread not only of dogs, but of cats.be afraid of -I am afraid not only of dogs , but of cats.bothand也一样-We live in dread of both dogs and cats.-I am interested not only in English , but in French.Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears. 阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。Increase关于增加Raise ones vision 提高/开阔眼界 open ones mind 打开胸怀 expand ones life platform 扩展平台注意without含有的“转折意”dispel : erase / get rid of / remove 消除，去除 Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. 即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。Industriousness n.勤奋arduous 'djs a.艰苦的，艰难的（needing a lot of strength and effort）需要付出很多精力，体力-Studying English is a arduous job. Life is an ardous journey; so we should learn to cherish life.ous结尾的形容词industrious n'dstrs a勤奋的，勤勉的，勤劳的 hardworking 普通用词laborious l'brs a 费时费力的，劳神的，strenuous 'strenjs a. 费力的，艰苦的。须全力以付的，比arduous强烈的多，同时表示奋发的diligent adj. 勤奋，刻苦的，认真的 名词 diligence 勤奋 六级a diligent worker a diligent studentindustrious 指由习惯养成或天性形成的勤奋。 diligent 多指为一定的目的或追求而勤奋。hard-workingan assiduous collector of folk songs 一个有顽强毅力的民歌收集者workaholic n.工作狂in a highly organized society 具有高度组织性的社会 highly disciplined high level of civilization high degree of responsibility-We live in a highly organized society.does nothing to do 不会起作用-Doing so does nothing to prevent me from hating you.Prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事-Whatever you say does nothing to prevent me from attaining / accomplishing my goal.无论你说什么都不会Accomplish goal / attain goalAccomplish aim / attain aimHorde / colonyCrawl / creep / climb crawl 贴地的状态creep v. 1) to move in a quiet, careful way 悄悄地去，悄悄地缓慢行进 creep into the room 2) creeps in or creeps back, without people realizing or without them wanting it. 悄悄出现/而生 实物比如蛇，抽象的比如脸红blush，消极的可以是An increasing ratio of mistakes错误率 3) sth creeps somewhere, it moves very slowly. 渐渐蔓延 4) a rate or number creeps up to a higher level, it gradually reaches that level. 攀升eg. A faint blush crept on to her face. Eg: The inflation rate has been creeping up to 9.5 per cent.通胀率No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung.不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。No matter how : however much注意这一句的转折隐藏在了句首。而转折处在we have a horror of之前的学习中曾经出现过一次。Dread / fear / horror / terror 语气逐步加强-We become illogical when we have a horror of being stung.Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. 我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。It is impossible for us to do sth It is impossible for us to erase the fears.It is easy for everyone to read ./ it is easy to read.At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating.同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。Be fascinated with 对着迷Strangely / uncanny 神秘的We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives.Like引导的插入语 find后面的that不可省，但位置可以换到they的前面Lead a life过一种生活Perfectly=completelyWe enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. 我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。Entranced, unaware,两个形容词短语做伴随状语go about their business : as they do what they should do 干它们应该干的事 as they get down to their business-let us get down to our business.让我们言归正传。-You should go about your business.干你们应该干的事情。注意该句的平行结构。Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢？首先who hasnt这种表达方法，修辞性疑问，期待得到回答或者无需回答，否定表示肯定Why didnt you tell me?你早该告诉我 who doesnt know 地球人都知道Stand in awe : fear but respect 敬畏 介词短语做状语 awe n. 敬畏，惊叹；（古）使人敬畏的力量At the sight of : as soon as you see一看到 注意和on的区别同时，这里是介词短语结构，出现了逻辑主语a spider，or后面是并列结构，逻辑主语antsPounce on : jump at / charge at 向什么猛扑过去Pounce vi 1、(向某人) 猛扑 2、(动物、鸟等) 猛扑 (以捕杀) n. 猛扑 介词都是onStand in awe of 敬畏什么-Generally speaking , employees stand in awe of their employer.-In primary school , pupils stand in awe of their teacher.A colomn of ants 一群蚂蚁Column 1、(词典、报纸或图表等版面上的) 竖栏 2、(报刊的) 专栏 3、柱状物（引：纪念柱; 圆形支柱） 4、(人或动物行进的) 长队Banner 横幅Triumph tramf n. 胜利，凯旋；欢欣victory 普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的胜利，侧重艰辛与成功。triumph 着重胜利或成功的辉煌与彻底。 动词的正式用语相较win是prevail 1、占上风 2、获胜形容词 triumphant adj. 成功的；得意洋洋的；狂欢的 tramfnttriumphantly tramfntli 成功的，洋洋得意的Bearing home结构中宾语较长，头重脚轻，把宾语后置 bear在这里作及物动词，是“携带”的意思，尤指在移动中携带物体Bear几个特殊的动词用法：1、运送