《英语语言学》练习题(共8页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语语言学练习题一I. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word beginning with the letter given: 1. Modern linguistics is d_ rather than prescriptive.2. Consonants can be described in terms of p_ of articulation, manners of articulation, and v_.3. A_ are variants of the same phoneme in different phonetic contexts.4. The smallest meaningful unit of language is called m_.5. According to Saussure, a linguistic sign is composed of s_ and s_.6. General linguistics is based on the view that language as a system composed of three aspects: sound, s_ and meaning.7. Monophthongs and d_ are two major types of vowels.8. Sequences that are possible but do not occur yet are called a_ gap, e.g. /blik/, /bilk/, /klib/, and /kilb/.9. M_ and s_ make up two subsystems of language.10. The language used to talk about language is called m_.11. According to M.A.K. Halliday, language plays three metafunctions simultaneously: the ideational function, the i_ function and the t_ function.12. Chinese is a typical t_ language. M (mother), m (hemp) m (horse) m (scold), for example, are four distinguished words.13. The total number of words stored in the brain is called l_, which can be understood as a mental dictionary.14. Words like went, which is not related in form to indicate grammatical contrast with the root, are called s_. 15. S_ is defined as the study of meaning.16. S_ are words which have different forms but similar meanings.II. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: ( ) 1. The Swiss linguist de Saussure regarded the linguistic sign as composed of sound image and referent.( ) 2. Chinese is an agglutinating language.( ) 3. Not all vowels are voiced.( ) 4. If segments appear in the same position but the mutual substitution does not result in change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation.( ) 5. A greenbottle is a type of bottle.( ) 6. Productivity is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.( ) 7. Language contains two subsystems, one of speaking and the other of writing. ( ) 8. Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future.( ) 9. Modern linguistics is prescriptive rather than descriptive. ( ) 10. The study of speech sounds is called Phonology.( ) 11. The voiceless bilabial stop in pin and the one in spin are in complementary distribution.( ) 12. Tone is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.( ) 13. Compounding, the combination of free morphemes, is a common way to form words.( ) 14. In the phrases a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, both cattle and sheep contain only one morpheme.( ) 15. The meaning of compounds is always the sum of meaning of the compounds.III. Multiple Choice 1. _ is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.A. Duality B. Arbitrariness C. Creativity D. Displacement2. Which of the following does not belong to the language metafunctions illustrated by M.A.K. Halliday?A. Ideational function B. Interpersonal function C. Textual function. D. Logical function3. The study of speech sounds is called _.A. Phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics C. Phonology D. Acoustic Phonetics4. Every syllable has a(n) _, which is usually a vowel.A. onset B. nucleus C. coda D. rhyme5. Which of the following does not belong to suprasegmental features?A. Stress B. Intonation C. Tone D. Syllable6. _ is defined as the study of the internal structure and the formation of words.A. Morphology B. Syntax C. Lexicon D. Morpheme7. _ is a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class.A. Clipping B. Blending C. Eponym D. Conversion8. In the phrases a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, both cattle and sheep contain _ morphemes.A. one B. two C. three D. four9. Sip and zip, tip and dip, map and nap, etc, are all _. A. minimal pairs B. minimal sets C. allophones D. phonesIV. For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s) then share: Example: s f p h voiceless1) g z d2) v h s3) m p b f v4) t d n l s z5) i: i u u:V. Transcribe the sound represented by the underlined letter(s) in the words and then describe it. Example: heat i: vowel front higha) photo b) write c) car d) actor e) city f) city g) worry h) yes VI. Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to the articulatory description. Example: vowel front high i:1 bilabial nasal2 voiced labiovelar glide3 literal liquid4 voiced bilabial stop5 front high laxVII. Pronounce the words key and core, ski and score, paying attention to the phoneme /k/. What difference do you notice between the first pair and the second pair in terms of the phonetic features of the voiceless velar stop? VIII. Consider the following words and answer the questions below: a) finger b) disgracefulc) stepsisterd) psycholinguisticse) antidisestablishmentarianismi. Tell the number of morphemes in each word.ii. Underline the free morphemes in each word where possible to do so.IX. Identify the difference between a greenhouse and a green house, and the difference between a sleeping car and a sleeping baby. X. Define the following term, giving examples for illustration:AllophoneXI. Draw tree diagrams for the following two sentences: 1. A clever magician fooled the audience.2. The tower on the hill collapsed in the wind.3. They can fish.4. Pat found a book on Wall Street.5. I saw the man with a telescope.XII. Explain the ambiguity of the following sentences. a. This is a beautiful girls dress.b. Those who went there quickly made a fortune.c. A woman murdererXIII. Tell the process of word formation illustrated by the example and find as many words as you can that are formed in the same way. (1) flu (2) OPEC (3) Nobel (4) televise (5) better (v.)XIV. How would you read the phrases in the two columns? What does each of them mean? Column I Column IIa. The White House a white houseb. a redcoat a red coata. a bluebird a blue birdb. a lighthouse keeper a light housekeeperXV. Explain the relation between bank1 (the side of a river) and bank2 (the financial institute). XVI. Identify the type of transitivity process in each of the following sentences. (1) John washed the car.(2) John likes the car.XVII. Answer the following question: What are the three metafunctions according to Halliday?注：期末试题题型及分值比率：I. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: 30%II. Multiple Choice 5%III. Tell the semantic relation within the given sentence and that between the two sentences. 10%IV. Data Analysis: 10%V. Try to think of contexts in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating facts 5%VI. Define the following term, giving examples for illustration 10% VII. Give examples to illustrate gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms, and reversal antonyms 30%VIII. Answer the following questions 二I. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets:( ) 1. Pragmatics is concerned with speaker meaning.( ) 2. The reference of a deixis to a preceding expression is technically termed cataphoric reference. II. Multiple Choice 1. Both pretty and handsome mean good-looking but they differ in _ meaning.A. collocative B. social C. affective D. reflected2. _ refers to having the right to speak by turns.A. Adjacency pairs B. Turn-talking C. Preferred second parts D. Insertion sequences3. British English and American English are _ varieties of the English language.A. functional B. social C. regional D. standard 4. _ is the approximate language system that the learner constructs for use in communication through the target language.A. Metalanguage B. Interlanguage C. Sign D. Esperanto 5. In _ stage, children use single words to represent various meanings.A. telegraphic B. two-word C. holophrastic D. babbling6. _ is a term widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to “varieties according to use.”A. Register B. Field C. Mode D. TenorIII. Tell the semantic relation within the given sentence and that between the two sentences.II. My uncle is male.III. The spinster is married.IV. Jim is an orphan. Jim lives with his parents.V. Sam is the husband of Sally. Sally is the wife of Sam.VI. He has gone to London. He has gone to England.IV. Data Analysis: 1. What is the illocution of As utterance in the following brief encounter?A: You are in a non-smoking zone, sir.B: Thanks (extinguishing the cigarette).2. What kind of pre-sequence is As first utterance? (Hint: A and B are two secretaries working in the same office.)A: Are you going to be here long?B: You can go if you like.A: Ill just be outside. Call me if you need me.B: OK.V. Try to think of contexts in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating facts: 1. The room is messy.2. It would be good if she had a green skirt onVI. Define the following term, giving examples for illustration: VarietyVII. Give examples to illustrate gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms, and reversal antonyms. VIII. Answer the following questions:1. What are the features of metaphors?2. How do you distinguish homonymy from polysemy?3. What is reference and what is sense? How are they related?4. What are the components of metaphor?5. What is the difference between linguistic competence and communicative competence?6. What is the difference between referential meaning and associative meanings of words?7. How do you distinguish pidgin from Creole? 8. What are the three dimensions that a speech act consists of?9. How do sociolinguists classify the varieties of English?10. What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle?注：期末试题题型及分值比率：I. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: 30%II. Multiple Choice 5%III. Tell the semantic relation within the given sentence and that between the two sentences. 10%IV. Data Analysis: 10%V. Try to think of contexts in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating facts 5%VI. Define the following term, giving examples for illustration 10% VII. Give examples to illustrate gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms, and reversal antonyms 30%VIII. Answer the following questions 专心-专注-专业