48个国际音标讲解文档.docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上48个国际音标课程讲义元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音一、元音1、/i:/ /i/ /æ/ /e/（1）/i:/ 长元音 嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边张开，流出微笑的表情 与字母e的发音相同.发这个音的字母组合有 e ea eee: me be she he we eveningee: sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green ea: meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean 绕口令练习：the teacher repeated the speech to please the people. I can see the sea, the deep green sea（2）/i/ 短元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴型扁平。中间放一个小指尖，这个音是顺口即来的啊哈。 字母和字母组合 I e y ey ayPig fish lorry happy money chin绕口令练习：why does Lily go out with Jim and not him?If I assist a sister-assistant, will the sisters sister-assistant assist me?（3）梅花音/æ/ 嘴型比较怪异，嘴巴要长大，尽量拉向两边，既要大又要呈扁平形，舌尖抵下齿。听起来向鸭子叫。很干。dad flag hand rabbit ant cap apple family绕口令练习：apple, apple, apple. An apple is good after a napCan you can a can as a canner can can a can(4)短原因 /e/唇形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微隆起，张嘴即来，跟打招呼“哎”的声音相似 a e ai ue ea ie等字母和字母组合发该音Egg bell bread said head desk elephant 绕口令练习：my hen likes to lay ten fresh eggs every day.Lets get together when the weather is better.2、中元音 /:/, /, /（1）长元音/:/ 三部曲 嘴型扁平，上下齿微微张开，舌身放平，舌中部微微抬起。稍微紧张一点 发这个音的字母组合有er ir or ur ear our Her girl skirt bird purse nurse pearl 绕口令练习： where is the pearl? The nurse put her pearl in her nurse. The early birds catches the worm（2）短元音/ 嘴唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，舌中部微微隆起 a e I o u ar er or ou re 等字母容易发/Picture camera teacher doctor sugar panda绕口令练习： my mother and my sister like the new shopping centerReaders are supposed to keep silent in the library. （3）短元音/ 嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍微抬起。张开两指高度。O u oo ou 等字母和字母组合发该音bus sun son gum jump nut umbrella butterfly mushroom绕口令练习：Father and son have fun, flying their kite in the sun3、后元音/:/，/:/, /, /u:/, /（1）长元音/:/ 口腔打开，嘴长大，舌身自然放松，下巴收低，舌头不要抵下齿，在感叹祖国大好河山“啊”一样，下巴稍微收低。字母a ar al au ear 等通常发该音。Car star laugh aunt palm heart grass plant shark绕口令练习：no parking here, no parking here, our game of darts is starting.Barbara and Char，les are dancing in a large garden.（2）长元音 /:/ 双唇收的小而圆，向前突出，舌身往后缩。常见a au aw ar al or ore oor ou our 等组合会发这个音ball wallwater horse door corn绕口令练习： basketball, basketball ,Paul plays basketballShe thought she ought to take a walk before four oclock（3）短元音/ 口腔打开，嘴巴张大，舌头向后缩，嘴唇稍微的收圆fox coffee watch dog shop mop绕口令练习：my mom likes to shop, she shops until she stops Lots and lots of clocks and watches are on sale in the shops（4）长元音 /u:/ 嘴型小而圆，微微的外凸，舌头尽量后缩。喉咙有点紧张感，想想火车响的时候“呜呜”的声音。 常见o u oo oe ou ew Flute fruit food shoes moon juice绕口令：Cool, cool, cool ，you look so coolThe news is too good to be true（5）短元音/ 嘴唇张开，略向前凸出，嘴型收圆，放松点，不要紧张，嘴巴的形状会影响发音的效果。O u oo oul 等字母发该音。Wolf wood bull bullet book cook good绕口令练习：cook! Cook! Where is the cook book? Please take a lookGood cookies could be cooked by a good cook if a good cook could cook good cookies.4、双元音/e/, /a/, /, /, /a/, /, /e/, /（1）/ei/半开到合，A的发音。由e向 i过度，字母a ai ay ey ei ea等字母或字母组合发这个音Cake gate rain train may tray potato steak tomato绕口令练习：Rain, rain, rain, its a rainy dayThey say tha rain came every eight days in May（2）/嘴巴由圆到扁,oi oy等字母组合经常发该音Oil coin boy soy（酱油 黄豆） poison boil oyster（牡蛎） toy绕口令练习：the boy was annoyed because his toy was destroyed.Boys and girls like new toys, they will bring many joys .（3）/a/口型由大到小，ou ow等字母组合经常发该音House mouse flower cow blouse bow owl 绕口令练习：I got a cat to chase the mouse, now I hear meow, meow around the house.Brown was proud of his house, which faced the south of the country.（4）/与字母o发音是一样，o oa ou ow等发该音nose rose boat snow bowl old roach （蟑螂） notebook绕口令练习：Rose likes ice-cream in a cone, but never when shes home alone/ ea eo ear eer ier等经常发该音Tear ear theater deer beer hear 绕口令练习：Tom has one bad ear, you must speak loud and clear. I see clearly an idea struck him and threw him into great fear.（5）/e/ 一样是先舌尖抵下齿，air are ear ere eir 常发该音hair stair square glare pear chair airport bear绕口令练习：Beware of the hare in the yard. He stares and glares very hard.Mary stares carefully at the hairy bear（6）/由收圆到半开，ur oor our ure等都发该音Tour gourd(葫芦) poor Europe pure February 绕口令练习：tour, tour, tour , I love tours of European placesThe poor man was assured that his child could be cured/a/口型由开到合，与字母I发音相同，发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ie uyby cry fly my sky try why tie pie eye spider child绕口令练习： time and time again I tried to hold back my sad feeling二：辅音辅音不能独立自主成音，所以只能配合别人。1、 爆破音/ p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/（1）清辅音 /p/ 双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带不振动。piano parrot pet ship sheep pig stop apple happy绕口令练习： pony, pony, pony, Polly wants a pony.Do you want pepper or paper? Which is cheaper? I want pepper, not paper, if pepper is cheaper than paper.（2）浊辅音 /b/ 双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气，流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，声带振动。book ball bird big boy bag banana cabbage book ball bird big boy ba 绕口令练习：baby birds, baby birds , look at the baby birds on the beach.Bill was beaten black and blue by a bad boy with a bag on his back（3）/t/舌尖抵住上齿龈，然后憋住气，突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔喷出来，声带不振动，发音短促有力。table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket butter matter绕口令练习：Timmys cat is keeping fit, but she likes to chase fat ratsHe took his ticket from his pocket and passed it to the ticket-collector.（4）/d/舌尖抵住上齿龈，然后憋住气，突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔喷出来，声带振动，发音短促有力。duck seed door desk day red head bed read cold 绕口令练习：Lets dance, Mr. Donald, Miss Daisy is dancing on the desk.The lady in red was beating the mad dog to death from dawn till dusk.（5）/K/ 舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然离开，将气送出来，像咳嗽一样，声带不振动。cap cook cup car can class cook milk key desk kite cake clock sock cock neck绕口令练习：Kelly has a cute cat, she calls it Kammy Koo（6）/g/舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然离开，将气送出来，像咳嗽一样，声带不振动。绕口令练习: glass golf get girl bag goat flag eggThe garden with grass is no good for guests2、 摩擦音：/f/, /v/, /s/, /z/,/ /,/ /, /h/, /r/ , /, /3 /, /t/, /d3/, /tr/, /dr/ ,/ts/, /dz/（1）/f/ 上齿轻轻的接触下唇，然后吹气，使气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，声带不振动。five fan flower fish four leaf giraffe phone elephant photo laugh绕口令练习：Fanny picked our yellow flowers for her father Frank.The folk（民族） found a farm full of fine food.（2）/V/ 口型与f相似，但是声带不振动 video vase vest five love violin move vote van volcano绕口令练习：Mom loves you, we all love you very much.Forgive me for leaving your gloves there.（3）/s /双唇微微张开，舌端靠近上齿龈，舌头自然放松，气流从齿间送出，声带不振动。star sun snake sea see pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate grass glass class boss face race rice nice绕口令练习：My name is snake, my skin is smooth and nice.Pass me the cups and books on the desk.（4）/z/双唇微微张开，舌端靠近上齿龈，舌头自然放松，气流从齿间送出,声带振动 。跟”ci”很像zero zebra zoo bags photos sisters nose rose绕口令练习：zzz, zzz, zzz, I am a busy bee.（5）/ / 舌尖微微伸出，上下齿微微咬住舌尖，不要咬着不放，送气，身带不振动.three thin third teeth mouth 绕口令练习：I think the thin cat is thirty-three, maybe he thinks we are thirsty too.The third Thursday of this month is the sixteenth.（6）/ / 舌尖微微伸出，上下齿微微咬住舌尖，不要咬着不放，送气，身带振动.father mother brother clothes than weather绕口令练习：My father told my mother ”this way to the bay”My father and my mother visited my brother with those teachers.（7）/h/ 嘴唇自然张开，自然呵气，很放松的发声即可。he her head heart hair ham who whose 绕口令练习：Heavy Henry has a house, happy Harry is a mouse.I heard you have heard from home.（8）/r/ 舌尖向上卷起，舌头不接触任何部位，双唇稍微突出，声带振动。绕口令练习：Mr. Rat, Mr. Rat, I am near the riverWe have fresh bread for breakfast（9）/ 双唇稍收圆，微微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，声带不振动。跟“屎”很相似。sugar sure ship sheep wash cash shop she绕口令练习：Shelly went shopping to find a pair of shoesShe showed me a fresh fish.（10）/3 /双唇稍收圆，微微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，声带不振动.跟“日”有点相似。teacher peach cherry chair watch match 绕口令练习：pleasure, pleasure, whats your pleasure?Measure your garage at your leisure.（11）/t/ 双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住下齿龈，跟“齿”很相似，声带不振动。teacher peach cherry chair watch match chalk（粉笔）绕口令练习：cheese? Cheese? Where is the cheese? The children have it on the beach.Teach the children to fetch the chicken from the kitchen.（12）/d3/双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住下齿龈,跟“只”很像，声带振动Ginger（姜） giraffe cage（笼子） jump job jam（果酱） orange cabbage绕口令练习：when Jack and Jill get a new toy, they jump and jump.James enjoyed the strawberry jam very much.（13）/tr/ 双唇收圆，向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取发/r/的姿势，声带不振动。tree truck trousers strawberry trick train trash 绕口令练习：she tried and tried to catch the train.The children tried to trim（修剪） the tree.（14）/dr/ 双唇收圆，向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取发/r/的姿势，声带振动。draw drink driver dragon dry drum dream dress绕口令练习：Are you dreaming? Are you dreaming? brother dragon. Brother dragon.Her son Drayton drew a large dragon on the wall in the drawing room.（15）/ts/ 舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带不振动，一般复数名词或者动词第三人称单数发这个音。声带 振动。有”此”的感觉。seats goats coats cats pets eats gates kites dates tastes 绕口令练习：My dad sells coats and boats. He said he might sell boots.I saw lots and lots of kites and cats.（16）/dz/舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带不振动，一般复数名词或者动词第三人称单数发这个音，声带振动。有“子”的感觉.seeds woods friends birds beds rides swords spades（铁锹）绕口令练习：Birds, birds, birds, where are you going?A man of words but not needs is like a garden full of weeds.3、 鼻音/m/, /n/, /（1）/m/ 双唇紧闭，舌头平放，气流从鼻腔出来，声带振动。mouth mouse milk monkey moon money mum climb comb（梳子） thumb绕口令练习：Mother, mother, mother , may I go down to the market?He climbed the mountain with me in the autumn.（2）/n/ 双唇微开，舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌头放平，气流从鼻腔发出。nose net nut banana noodles train rain plane down nail（指甲）绕口令练习：nose, nose, nose ,I have a sensitive nose.Nancy knows the funny nickname of her naughty nephew.（3）/ 双唇张开，舌尖抵下齿龈，舌后部自然往上顶，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。ink bank tank finger sing hang song king reading running绕口令练习：My angry uncle is singing a song.Spring, spring, spring is coming.4、 舌边音/l/（1）/l/的清晰音， 舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌前部向硬腭抬起，形成气流阻碍，气流从舌的两侧通过，所以叫做舌边音。一般单词开头发清晰音。跟”了”有点相似。look light lock lucky lion tail （2）/l/的模糊音，舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌后部微微抬起，气流在舌面形成的凹形中产生共鸣发声。一般单词的末尾发模糊音。 跟“尔”有点相似。ball pull Bill tell绕口令练习：laugh, laugh, laugh, cry, cry, cry, the little Lilly loves laughing and crying.5、半元音/w/、/j/（1）/w/双唇缩小并向前突出，舌后部抬起，嘴慢慢向两旁划开。声带振动winter window watch water well would where which when why wheel whale绕口令练习：white rose, white rose, Willy bought Wilma a white rose.（2）/j/嘴角形成微笑状态，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面贴住上鄂，声带振动，一般位于单词开头的y中间发这个音yogurt yard yes you yellow yell yard yip（犬吠） yolk（蛋黄）绕口令练习：the yellow yolk moon cake is yours. 专心-专注-专业