考点37-完形填空之记叙文-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过(共27页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上考点37 完形填空之记叙文一、命题趋势完形填空是英语考试中一项重要的考查内容。完形填空也是一种综合能力测试题，是对学生语法、词汇、句型、阅读能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的一种多方位的检测。按照考试大纲要求，通常在一篇200词左右的难度适中的文章中留出10个空白，要求学生从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。综观各地往年中考真题，记叙文居多，而且近年中考中记叙文所占比例超过50%，预测2020年中考完形填空也会以记叙文为主，侧重考查实词和对上下文语境、逻辑的理解。二、考试内容 完形填空考题要求考生在阅读过一篇不完整的文章后，能根据上下文意思，在所给的选项中选择最佳答案。其考查点有： 1. 能够掌握足够的词汇量，正确运用词类和词语的正确搭配。包括名词、代词、冠词、动词等词类和短语等。 2. 基础语法知识。包括句法、固定搭配、句型、词语加惯用法、时态、语态、主从复合句等。 3. 还应具有一定的语言运用能力、阅读能力、理解能力、综合分析能力和逻辑判断能力。 以语篇为载体，测试语言知识和语言能力。试题既考查学生对短文的整体理解能力，也考查学生运用语法知识、词汇知识的能力以及对事物的逻辑推理、分析判断能力。 以意义填空为主。试题在着重考查考生阅读理解能力的前提下，兼顾对语言知识、常识、逻辑推理能力的考查。 降低对单词本身词义的考查要求，注重考查对全文意义的理解。中考完形填空备选项中所涉及的词汇基本上都是常见的初级词汇。 考点分布符合考查目的。试题以名词、动词、形容词和副词等信息词汇为考查重点，淡化对介词、连词、冠词等结构词的考查，以检测学生在具体情境中灵活运用所学知识的能力。有的采用主观试题形式。有些完形填空题全部舍弃了学生们平时接触较多的四选一形式，而改之以自由完形填空形式，除了要求填入单词外，有的还设置了要求填入词组或短语的空格。三、命题特点1. 选文特点： 以叙述文体的小故事为主； 篇幅一般在200300词之间； 难度略低于阅读理解中的短文； 所选短文语言地道、纯正，结构严谨，层次分明，逻辑性强。2. 设空特点 首句通常不挖空，以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。 短文设空平均密度为1020个单词设一个空。3. 选项特点 每个小题所给的四个选项一般都属于同一词性，语意范畴相同。长短相宜，避免了对答案的明显暗示，彼此之间也不会出现相互包容的情况。偶尔有个别小题的四个选项的词性不同，但其语法功能大都一样。 单从语法角度，甚至从某一句的角度来看，干扰项都可以和空前或空后的文字形成某种搭配，从而形成一定的干扰或起到迷惑作用。 选项使用词汇没有重复，尽可能增加考查内容的覆盖面。4. 考查特点近几年的完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过语境来作出选择。语境能力型试题具有一定难度，因为所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。5. 难处暗示特点完形填空的短文有时因为行文的需要，出现了对考生来说较难理解的背景，或者有时是命题者为了有意识地控制完形填空的难度等原因，往往会在短文的适当之处安排暗示。但这种暗示多为后面暗示前面，也就是说前面的某些空从当时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要继续往后看，就会发现此空在文章后面的某个地方有暗示。完形填空题解题技巧一、解题步骤 1. 通读全文，了解大意。 通读全文时，要跳过空格快速阅读，弄清文章的基本含义。可以先快速阅读全文，这样我们对文章的整体结构和中心思想有个基本的了解。有利于进一步把握全文所讲内容、篇章结构及时态语态的变化，为后面的答题创造条件。 2. 重视首句的开篇启示作用。 完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的首句通常可以点明短文的性质，如叙事、议论等，这是我们探索短文全貌的窗口。可以以首句的时态、语态为立足点进行思考，判断文章的体裁，推测全文的大意及主题。所以应该重视首句的启示作用。 3. 抓住关键词，根据上下文解题。 解题时，要遵循忠于全文大意和主题这一原则，联系上下文展开逻辑推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词，了解所提问题的特定语境，语篇中的内在关系。 在解题过程中，应遵循先易后难的原则，遇到个别难题不易判断时，可先跳过去，先去解决那些靠上下文能确定的、比较直接明确的问题。随着下文的展开和文章的深入，或许在前面难以判断的题，下文就有暗示，甚至有明确的暗示。因此，在选择答案时，应特别注意联系前后句，充分利用上下文为确定答案提供的有用信息。 4. 重读全文，验证答案。 在全部空格补全以后，一定要根据填好的答案重读全文，看文章是否流畅，前后是否矛盾，语法结构是否无误。如果发现哪些地方读起来不流畅，这就说明那里有毛病，就要进行仔细推敲、订正。二、技巧点拨 1. 充分利用首句作为解题的突破口。 完形填空的首句往往是完整的、不设空的。而首句又常常是全文的中心句，因此，应充分重视完形填空的首句，通过它大致把握全文的大意和作者的意图，利用它作为解题的突破口。依据首句的提示，捕捉文中关键信息，通览全文，了解文章的题材、体裁、结构、背景、内容大意、前因后果、情节发展、论点论据等基本信息。同时，可以对有些空格要填的词做试探性猜测，为下一步选择最佳选项做好准备。 2. 根据上下文的逻辑意义确定答案。 文章是一个具有内在联系的整体，而上下文则是营造语境的基础，也是逻辑推理的依据。通读全文，理顺大意，根据上下文找出信息词，是做好完形填空的技巧之一。完形填空的命题设计正朝着深层化和语境化方向发展，逐渐淡化单纯的语言分析考查，而越来越侧重对逻辑推理判断的考查。词语在特定语境中所表达的隐含信息大都无法从字面或个或几个句子的表面理解传达出来，这就大大增加了干扰项的迷惑性，从而提高了试题难度。因此，要想解决这类题目，只有借助上下文乃至全文语境的提示。 3. 从词汇的意义和用法方面考虑。 做好完形填空必须具备较大词汇量，并结合上下文确定词义。完形填空在命题过程中，淡化基础句型结构，语法规则和短语搭配，侧重词汇的活用。应该加强对词汇合乎情景需求的判断的训练，加深对基本词汇的感受能力和应用能力，提高完形填空题的解题技能。4. 积累习惯用法和固定搭配。 完形填空题中考查习惯搭配和固定用法的题目也占有一定比重，这就需要平时记忆和积累，做到脱口而出。这类题属于较容易的，一般在初选时就能确定。 5. 依据作者的态度和观点。 作者写一篇文章必有他的意图和目的，作者在表达情感时总是选择特定的词汇，因此文章字里行间不可避免地渗透了作者的情感。做完形填空时，应该留心捕捉作者的情感信息。 6. 注意分析句子结构。 通过句法、语法，能把复杂的句子变得简单，使得意义清晰，信息透明。 7. 依据生活经验和常识。有些空涉及到我们应该具备的常识，是否合乎情理是我们选择的依据。记叙文类完形填空解题技巧一、解题步骤1. 跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。2. 结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案。3. 瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破。4. 复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏。二、解题方法1. 词语搭配法：根据词语的习惯搭配来确定正确答案。2. 语法判断法：通过语法分析来选择正确答案。若选项是名词，应根据上下文确定该名词的单复数以及是否用所有格等；若选项是动词，应考虑其时态、语态、搭配及非谓语形式等。3. 语境分析法：根据上下文的具体语境，利用所学知识和平时积累的生活常识等，选出最符合情景的选项。4. 对比排除法：有时对于一些难选的空，可以试着将各个选项逐一代入空处，然后进行综合比较，从而选出最恰当的答案。三、满分技巧1. 了解记叙文的六要素。记叙文，无论是记人还是叙事，都会交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件、经过和结果，即记叙文的六要素。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。2. 明确作者的写作目的。就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的，作者往往通过叙述阐明一个道理。作者总是为了某个目的，在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。读者明晰了写作目的，就能抓住文章的主题。3. 读懂作者的观点或态度。解题时要认真分析全文，看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。为了增加试题难度，命题人往往采用变化的形式，考生只有在语境的指导下，对文章进行准确地逻辑推断，才能推测出文字之下的深层信息。4. 弄清作者叙述的视角。弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个：第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从参与者的角度进行记叙，读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和感情。用第三人称就是以观察者的身份展开叙述，作者的语气客观，与读者保持一定距离，读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者的思维，深入理解文章的意义，把握好语境。（一）People who have special needs for children understand that even small success means a lot. Weve learned to respect people who work very hard to do _1_ things, like learning to tie shoes.My eight-year-old son, Brian, wanted to win an award(奖，奖金) by learning to tie his own shoes. He was given ten days to prepare for the goal. Because Brian has Down syndrome(唐氏综合症), our whole family _2_ him. Days passed and he could not do it and he cried. We cried with him. The day came for the meeting. We were worried about our lack of ability to teach such a simple task and spoke _3_ about not taking him to the meeting that night. We didnt want to make him sad.I nearly opened my _4_ to tell him that it wasnt important for him to learn to tie his shoes. But before I did that, his older sister _5_ a new idea.Brian, she softly asked, why dont you try closing your eyes? See if you can tie your shoes in your imagination. That way, if you get up to go someplace early before the sun comes up, you can tie your shoes in the _6_ .Brian sat, with eyes closed, and tied his shoes perfectly. We looked at each other excitedly. And then we _7_ to his meeting.Brian went first. He, with eyes closed, _8_ an award that might weight more than an Olympic Gold Medal. Tears of joy fell.Brian turned something difficult into something ordinary, small and simple. When he found a new _9_ to solve the problem, it became an important event because it was really difficult for him. We all cheered for him. Brian still ties his shoes as his big sister suggested so many years ago.Since then, I believe that when things get difficult and I cant find a solution to a problem, I just close my eyes and find a _10_ way.1. A. strange B. simple C. creative D. difficult2. A. stopped B. fed C. found D. taught3. A. quietly B. excitedly C. happily D. loudly4. A. mouth B. eyes C. book D. door5. A. forgot B. needed C. had D. cancelled6. A. daytime B. flat C. space D. dark7. A. walked B. flied C. hurried D. dropped8. A. lost B. got C. bought D. sent9. A. bridge B. business C. way D. lab10. A. different B. useful C. wonderful D. formal（二）A man walked into a small pub and ordered three beers. Bartender was _1_, but he served that man three beers. The very next day that man ordered three beers again. This _2_ several times and shortly after the people of the town were _3_ about the man who was ordering three beers at once.A couple of _4_ later, the bartender couldnt help asking, Sorry, but could you explain why you order three beers all the time?The man replied, It seems _5_, isnt it? You see, my two brothers live _6_, one is in France and the other is in Italy. We have made a(n) _7_ that every time we go to pub each of us will order extra(额外的) two beers and it will help keep up the family bond(纽带). Soon all the town heard about the mans answer. People were telling this story to newcomers or tourists and even _8_ them to that pub to look at Three Beer Man.However, one day the man came to the pub and ordered _9_ two beers. The bartender served him with bad _10_. The very next day all the town prayed(祈祷) for the soul of one of the brothers.When the man came to pub the next time and ordered two beers again, the bartender asked him, Im really sad for the death of your dear brother. The man was shocked for a moment and then replied, Well, my two brothers are alive and well. I have just promised myself to give up drinking.1. A. excited B. happy C. surprised D. silent2. A. appeared B. repeated C. happened D. ended3. A. talking B. worrying C. thinking D. asking4. A. hours B. weeks C. months D. years5. A. easy B. ugly C. special D. strange6. A. together B. in the county C. abroad D. in the city7. A. excuse B. agreement C. suggestion D. mistake8. A. forced B. showed C. pulled D. invited9. A. only B. another C. more than D. fewer than10. A. luck B. beer C. service D. feeling（一）（2018年江苏省宿迁中考）Once there was a girl, named Kate. She was very polite and ready to help everybody. One day she found a pink paper bag on the way to school. She opened it and saw there was a lot of 1 in it. She thought she should hand it in to the teacher, so she 2 it in her schoolbag.When she went to the teachers office, her teacher wasnt 3 . As it was time for class, she hurried to the classroom.After class, she told her friend, Mary, about the money that she 4 . Then, her greedy(贪婪的) friend took away the bag.After school, Kate wanted to go to the 5 office again, but she found the money was missing.The next day when the children were playing a game, Mary fell down and was hurt very badly. The other children stood around her and didnt know 6 to do. Kate kept calm and did something to stop bleeding. She told the others to go to teachers for 7 . Soon a teacher took Mary to the 8 and the doctor examined her carefully. Within a week she was all right again. Kate became very popular in the school.Two weeks later Mary came to Kate house. Her eyes were red. She was crying. She gave Kate the 9 paper bag with the money in it and said. Kate, I have taken the money away. That day when you helped me, I felt very sad and now I decide to tell you the 10 , you are such a nice friend! 11 Please dont tell the school about this please! then Kate said, you are now 12 , but you have done a bad thing. Though I will not tell anyone, I want you not to be greedy and 13 to do anything wrong. The girl thanked Kate and 14 .At the end of the term Kate was given a 15 for being a very helpful girl in the school. Mary became an honest girl and was never greedy again. Once wrong, never be wrong forever.1. A. bread B. money C. paper D. fruit2. A. got B. caught C. kept D. sent3. A. out B. away C. off D. in4. A. found B. lost C. saved D. made5. A. workers B. doctors C. teachers D. headmasters6. A. how B. what C. when D. where7. A. help B. treatment C. action D. leave8. A. school B. classroom C. office D. hospital9. A. red B. pink C. white D. black10. A. lie B. story C. truth D. result11. A. And B. But C. Or D. So12. A. friendly B. polite C. generous D. honest13. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. usually14. A. got up B. woke up C. gave up D. cheered up15. A. prize B. laugh C. joke D. reply（二）【2019 福建省中考】My best friend Ally and I spare a few hours of our time every week as volunteers for BuddyBall. Its a 36 that helps disabled kids do sports and make new friends.So what does a buddy(伙伴) do? 37 , I am a buddy for an eleven-year-old boy Tom. He is in a wheelchair and is a good basketball player, but just like any kid, it upsets him 38 he misses a shot or makes a bad pass. He starts to cry and doesnt want to play. Sometimes he even wants to 39 . So, as his buddy, I encourage him. Now were working on our basketball skills together. Its great to see how he has 40 and he doesnt get upset so easily.Ally is a buddy for Clara, a kid with very few language skills. She is also a bit 41 ! She likes running away. Ally has learned how to work with Clara and to get her to join in the 42 . Now she loves baseball and has more friends. Next week, shes playing in a team. Her parents are 43 happy about BuddyBall and they say that Clara is more confident (自信的) and 44 after her BuddyBall sessions.BuddyBall is a great chance for everyone! Differences 45 and we realize that were all just kids loving sports. I love doing BuddyBall because I know Im doing something meaningful!36. A. decisionB. subjectC. program37. A. In the end B. On the way C. At the moment38. A. when B. untilC. before39. A. keep onB. get downC. give up40. A. dreamedB. improvedC. prepared41. A. wildB. friendlyC. easy-going42. A. gamesB. discussionsC. lessons43. A. hardlyB. trulyC. possibly44. A. carefulB. sociableC. creative45. A. increaseB. remainC. disappear（三）（2018年山东聊城地区中考）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A boy and a girl were playing together. The boy had a lot of small glass 1 . The girl had some candies with her. The boy told the girl that he would 2 her all his balls in exchange for(交换) her candies. The girl thought that was a good 3 .But the boy didnt give 4 of his balls to the girl. He kept the biggest and the 5 ball in his pocket and gave the others to the girl. 6 the girl gave him all her candies.That night, the girl had a 7 sleep, but the boy didnt sleep well. He kept thinking whether the girl had 8 some candies from him.You think in the way you do things. If you dont give your hundred percent(百分之百) in a relationship, youll 9 keep thinking if the other person has given his or her hundred percent. This is true for any relationship.Give your hundred percent to everything you do and youll find that you can always 10 a lot of happiness.1. A. balls B. cups C. bottles2. A. lend B. buy C. give3. A. answer B. idea C. reason4. A. all B. most C. some5. A. ugliest B. cheapest C. prettiest6. A. But B. So C. Or7. A. bad B. good C. light8. A. borrowed B. stolen C. hidden9. A. always B. never C. seldom10. A. lose B. get C. want（四）【2019 广西省百色市】Once upon a time, there was a hungry fox that was looking for something to eat. He was very 1 . No matter how hard he tried, the fox could not find any food. 2 he went to the side of the forest and looked for food there. He found a big tree 3 a hole in it. Inside the hole was a package. The hungry fox thought that there 4 be food in it，and he became very happy. He jumped into the hole and when he 5 the package, he saw there 6 lot of food in it！ The fox happily began to eat. After the fox had finished 7 , he felt thirsty and decided to leave the hole 8 drink some water. However, no matter how hard