四年级英语语法汇总.docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上小学三四年级英语语法汇总数人称物主代词反身代词主格宾格所有格,形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称我Imemyminemyself第二人称你youyouyouryoursyourself第三人称他hehimhishishimself她sheherherhersherself它itititsitsitself复数第一人称我们weusouroursourselves第二人称你们youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称他们,她们,它们theythemtheirtheirsthemselves一、 陈述句定义:是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。 1、谓语动词是be动词,助动词do/have/has,情态动词can等时，只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。 eg. Lily has already read this new book. (改为否定句) Lily _ _ this new book _. 2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时，必须在谓语动词前加助动词，一般现在时加助动词do ，第三人称单数加does，一般过去时加did，再和not构成否定结构。必须指出的是：don't, doesn't, didn't后都用动词原形。 eg.1)Jill has lunch at school every day. (改为否定句) Jill _ _ lunch at school every day. 2)The children had a good time at the party. (改为否定句) The children _ _ a good time at the party. 3)Rose didn't drink any milk this morning.（改为肯定句) Rose _ _ milk this morning. 二、 疑问句定义:是用来提出问题的句子。 常用疑问词: 疑问词意思用法What time什么时间问具体时间,如几点钟Who谁问人Whose谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点What什么问东西、事物What colour(color)什么颜色问颜色How old多大年纪问年纪How many多少数量(可数名词)问数量How much多少钱;多少数量(不可数名词)问多少钱或数量(不可数)A.一般疑问句：以be动词, have /has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头，以yes或no来回答的问句。 它的基本结构是：Be/Have/Has/Did等助动词（包括情态动词）主语谓语（包括表语）.？回答常用简略回答。 1、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时，只要直接把这些词置于句首，句末改成问号。 eg. There's something wrong with his bike.（改成疑问句） _ _ _ wrong with his bike? 2、谓语动词是行为动词时，必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does（三单）、Did（过去式）加上这些助动词后，句子中谓语动词必须用原形。 eg. 1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. （改成疑问句） _ Edison _ a science lab himself when he was ten？ 2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.（改成疑问句） _ those Japanese _ Chinese food? 注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果有也必须进行改变，already要改成yet，some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外，在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候，常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。 B.特殊疑问句：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，提出疑问的句子。 它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有：what, who(whom), whose,which,when,where,how,why等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。 1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. （划线提问） _ _ the twins _ when their mother came in? Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. （划线提问） _ _ Mrs Turner ask her son _ _? 2)对名词前定语提出疑问，疑问词应用which，而且必须和名词连用。 I'm going to take the shirt on the right.（划线提问） _ _ are you going to take? 3)对指人名词或代词提问用who，作宾语时提问用whom。 4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。 5)对具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning,last Sunday等，疑问词用when；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用what time。 6)对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where。 The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. （划线提问） _ _ the pupils having a picnic? 7)对表原因的从句提问，常见的有because引导的从句，疑问词应用why。 Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill. （划线提问） _ _ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us? 8)对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词How。 9)对数量提出疑问，疑问词为How many，要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。 eg. two hundred birdsHow many birds 10)对价格提出疑问，疑问词用How much。 eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. _ _ did you pay for the sweater? 11)对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用How long。 eg. I've worked in that factory for two years. （划线提问） _ _ _ you worked in that factory? 12)对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week等提问，疑问词用How often。 13)对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times等提问，疑问词用How many times。 14)对in一段时间提问，疑问词一般用How soon。 eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. （划线提问） _ _ _ Jane and her brother finish the work? 15)对距离提出疑问，疑问词用How far。 eg. It's about two kilometres from here to the country.（划线提问） _ _ _ _ from here to the country? 16)另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用 What's the date? What day is it ? 如果是过去时间，就用was代替is。 What's the weather like? 思考题 1) The worker's visited the factory already.（改成否定句、一般疑问句） The worker _ _ the factory _. _ the worker _ the factory _? 2)Both of his parents are workers.（改成否定句） _ of his parents _ a worker. 3)He went to the park with his sister.（划线提问） _ _ _ he go to the park? 4)We really enjoyed working on the farm.（划线提问） What _ you really enjoy _? 5)She writes to her parents once a week.（划线提问） _ _ _ she write to her parents? 6)Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.（划线提问） _ _ _ our P.E teacher been at this school? 三、时态1、一般现在时 一般现在时的功能1).表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2).表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3).表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成：1). be动词：主语be(am,is,are)其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2).行为动词：主语行为动词( 其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。2、现在进行时 (1)构成形式:Be动词+动词的ing形式注意:两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时 (2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生 (3)有用的依据:一个句子中既有be 动词，又有动词，且动词加了ing ,则该句是现在进行时(4)句中往往有now、look、listen 动词现在分词专心-专注-专业