（超详）高中英语知识点归纳汇总.pdf

第 1 页 共 365 页高高中中英英语语知知识识归归纳纳总总结结（打打印印版版）必修 1核心单词1.addvt.& vi. 增加；加；加起来；补充说； 又说常用结构：add to 增添；增加；增进add .to .把增添到add up 合计，相加add up to 总数为；总计为He added some wood to increase the fire.他添了一些木柴，使火更旺些。If you add 4 to 3 you get 7.四加三得七。Unit 1FriendshipPage No.11Page No.12解析：选 C。考查动词辨析。句意为：我要说的就是这些，约翰你还有什么要补充的吗？解析：选 D。add to 的意思是“添加到”。2.upsetadj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦；打翻；打乱联想拓展be upset by.被 打乱upset oneself about sth.为某事烦恼Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。Dont upset yourself no harm has been done.不要难过并没有造成任何伤害。He was horribly upset over her illness.他为她的病而忧心忡忡。The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。高手过招用 upset 的适当形式填空（原创）The foodmy stomach.She felt ratheron hearing the news.Is it anmessage?Dont be. It will be OK.upsetupset upsetting upset3.ignorevt. 不理睬；忽视I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.他不顾时速限制，把车开得飞快。联想拓展第 2 页 共 365 页ignorant adj. (对某事物）不了解的；无知的；无学识的第 3 页 共 365 页be ignorant of/about sth.不知道；没有意识到ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事易混辨析ignore/neglect/overlookignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。overlook 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。高手过招（1）用 ignore/neglect/overlook 的适当形式填空 （原创）We could not afford tosuch a serious offence.He utterlymy warnings and met with an accident.Dontto pay him a visit now and then.(1)overlook ignored neglect（2）单项填空So you didnt say hello to him last night?Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but heme and walked on. （2010杭州一模）A. IgnoredB. refusedC.deniedD.missedPage No.15(2)解析：选 A。答句句意为：我看到他就停下来冲他微笑，但是他没理我就走了。ignore 不理睬，忽视；refuse 拒绝；deny 否认，拒绝给予；miss 怀念，错过。4.concernn.U关心，担心，担忧；C有利害关系的事vt. 涉及，关系到，参与；使担心联想拓展concerningprep.关于concernedadj.有关的；担心的concern sb.与某人有关be concerned with sth.牵涉，与有关；参与concern oneself with 关心be concerned about/for/over sth.担心；关心某事as/sofar as . be concerned 关于；至于；就而言As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want.就我而言，你什么时候走都行。We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.我们读了关于天外来客的故事。I was very concerned about my mothers illness.我很担心母亲的病情。高手过招（1）单项填空The meeting was concernedreforms and everyone present was concernedtheir owninterests.（2010福建厦门双十中学检测）A. with; forB. for; whichC. for; aboutD. about; with（2）用 concern 的适当形式填空（原创）There is an article thatthe rise of the prices.The children are ratherabout their mothers health.第 4 页 共 365 页Officials shouldthemselvespublic affairs.(1)解析： 选 A。 句意为： 这次会议牵涉到改革， 在场的每个人都很担心自己的利益。 be concerned with牵涉到,和有关；be concerned for/about担心；关心。(2)concerns concerned concern；with5.settlevi.安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解决Both wanted to settle their scores.双方都愿意尽弃前嫌。常用结构：settle down 镇定下来settle in 在定居He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。Page No.18高手过招单项填空Do you know anyone in Paris?No. Ill make friends once .（2010福建厦门六中检测）A. Im settledB. I have settledC. Ill be settledD. Im settlingThe brake of your bicycle has come loose.Youd betterit .（2010陕西西安交大附中）A. settleB. fixC. pickD. correct解析：选 A。settle 作“安家”讲时，既可用 settle，也可用 be settled。本题是由 once(一旦)引起的时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表将来。解析：选 B。由句意可知，因为自行车的车闸坏了，因此要“修理”。Page No.196.suffervt. 遭受；忍受；蒙受vi.后接from/for意为“受之苦”，“患疾病”常用结构：suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains遭受打击/失败/损失/痛苦He suffered hard pains from the accident.他忍受着事故带来的痛苦。Do you suffer from headaches? 你经常头痛吗?Shes suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。联想拓展sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者suffering n.痛苦，苦难PageNo.20高手过招（1）单项填空In the countryside there are many dropouts (辍学者). I think the difficultythe pooreconomic conditions.（2010浙江嘉兴一轮检测）A. lies inB. result in第 5 页 共 365 页C. leads toD. suffers from（2）翻译句子我们在金融危机中损失惨重。(1)解析：选 A。考查短语辨析。lie in 在这里相当于 because of。(2)We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.Page No.21重点短语7.go through经历；经受；检查；浏览；用完；做完The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家经历了太多的战争。Shes gone through a bad patch recently.她最近经历了一段困难时期。Have you gone through all your money already?你把所有的钱都花完了吗？I went through the students papers last night.昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的试卷。联想拓展（关注公众号:学习界的 007.获取更多资料干货）go after 追求；追赶go ahead 前进；请说（做）吧go by走过；（时间）过去go along with向前； （与.)一起去go in for 爱好；从事Page No.22go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭go over 越过；复习go through with 做完；完成go up爬上；（价格等）上升高手过招单项填空Wed better try towith the experiment, I think. Now letswith it.（2010河南许昌一模）A. go through; go onB. go on;go overC. go over; go throughD. go on;go throughIf a person has taken too much medicine by mistake, you should make the person.（2010平顶山一中月考）A. go upB. rise upC. throw upD. set upPage No.23解析：选A。go through with sth.意思是“做完，完成”；go on with意思是“继续”。解析：选 C。throw up 的意思是“呕吐；吐出”。8.get sth.done让别人做某事/使得某事被做done 是过去分词作宾语补足语，与 have sth. done 句型的用法一样。get sb./sth.doing 使某人/某事物起来get sb. to do sth.使/让某人做某事getdone（状态的改变）get 作系动词，相当于 be第 6 页 共 365 页get away 逃脱；离开第 7 页 共 365 页get back 回来；取回get by 维持生活；通过get down to sth./doing sth.开始认真做某事get in 进站；到达；收集get off 下来；下车get on 上车；进展；进步Page No.24get cross(对)生气，发脾气get in ones way 挡路，妨碍get used to doing sth.习惯做某事get involved in 涉及get in touch with 和取得联系get it 了解，懂得，明白高手过招（1）单项填空The final examination is coming up soon. Its time for us toour studies. （2010河南焦作一中月考）A. get down toB. get outC. get back forD. get over（2）完成句子（原创）讲解后，老师让我们思考起问题来。Shortly after the explanation the teachergot us.Page No.25我们将很快为你订制一套新衣服。Wewill get a new suitfor you.她试图使他说话。She tried to get him.(1)解析：选 A。该题根据交际情景考查短语动词的用法。根据题意，此处指开始认真学习，故选 A。 get down to开始认真考虑，符合题意。get out 出去，离开，逃脱，泄露；get back for 回来，恢复；get over 爬过；克服，熬过；恢复，原谅。故 B、C、D 三项均不符合题意。(2)thinking madeto talk9.set down放下；记下；登记Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式车站方可上下车。Page No.26联想拓展set about (doing sth.) 着手（做某事）set out (to do sth.)开始，着手(做某事)set aside 留出；不顾set back（把钟等）往回拨；推迟set free 释放；解放set off动身，出发（去某地） ；使爆炸set out 动身，出发；安排，组织set up 开办；建立；设立set an example to 树立榜样set fire to .= set . on fire 纵火烧be set in 以为背景第 8 页 共 365 页The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.第 9 页 共 365 页由于天气恶劣，建筑计划延误了好几个星期。We need to set about finding a solution.我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。PageNo.27温馨提示set about 和 set out 都可作“开始/着手做某事”讲，但 set about 后加 doing sth.， 而 set out 后加 to do sth.。高手过招单项填空As soon as he got to the office, hethe studentspapers.（2010山东济南一中月考）A.got down to correctB.got down to correctingC.set down to correctingD.sit down to correcting解析：选B。get down to意思是“着手做某事”，其中to是介词，后跟名词或动名词。Page No.2810.on purpose故意The boy broke Jacks window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。联想拓展purpose n. 目的，用途；目标；重要意义for the purpose of 为了to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒劳The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.这本书的目的是全面介绍这所大学。高手过招用 purpose 的适当形式或短语填空 （原创）He didnt do it.What was your?on purpose purposePage No.2911.join in参加；加入They didnt have enough time to join in the activity.他们没有足够的时间来参加这个活动。联想拓展join sb. in sth.与某人一起做某事join up 入伍；参军join up with sb.与某人联合；会合join hands with sb.与某人拉起手来；合伙；联合Willyou join me in a walk? 你愿意和我一起散步吗？ Letus join hands in friendship.让我们携手共建友谊吧。Page No.30易混辨析第 10页共 365 页join in/join/take part in/attend第 11页共 365 页join in 参加正在进行着的活动。如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。join 参加某组织或团体，并成为其中一员;来和某人待在一起。take part in 参加会议或有组织的群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。attend 正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等，句子的主语是去听去看，自己不一定起积极作用，相当于 be present。高手过招用 join/join in/take part in/attend 的适当形式填空（原创）I decided tothe club to have dancetraining.Would you like metothe game?Ia meeting last month.I will have tohis funeral next week.join join in took part in/attended attendPage No.31重点句型12.but your friend cant go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.但是你的朋友不把自行车弄干净不能走。not . until意为“直到才”，表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始。until 引导从句时，如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作，则主句用肯定式；如果主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词，则用否定形式。“It is/was not until+被强调的部分+that .”相当于“Not until . did (does, do, is .)+主语 .”意为“直到才”，是强调形式。You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal.体温正常后，你才能起床。He didnt leave until the meeting was over.直到会议结束他才离开。Page No.32It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star.=I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位电影明星。高手过招单项填空Not until,settle the problem. （2010潍坊一轮验收）A. he returns; can weB. he returns; we canC. does he returns; we canD. does he return; we canIt wasback home after the experiment.A.not until midnight did he goB.until midnight that he didntgoC.not until midnight that he wentD.until midnight when he didnt goPage No.33解析：选 A。当 not until 位于句首时句子需倒装。句意为：直到他回来我们才能解决这个问题。解析： 选 C。 强调句型 It is/was .that 对 not until .进行强调时， 需把 not until.放到强调结构中， 故选 C。13.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗的时候，你太大意了，一松手，狗就被车撞了。while walking the dog 是连词 while 加现在分词短语结构，强调分词的动作正在发生，相当于 while you werewalking the dog。第 12页共 365 页在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语含有系动词 be，可以第 13页共 365 页省略从句的主语和系动词 be。When crossing the street, you should be careful.过马路时，你应当小心。If heated, water can be turned into vapour.如果受热，水会变成蒸气。Page No.34温馨提示在状语从句中，如果从句的主语为 it 时，也可以将 it 和助动词 be 省略。Whenever possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的话，他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。高手过招单项填空with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （2010山东莱州检测）A. ComparesB. When comparingC. ComparingD. When comparedthe two systems, little man found the latter advantageous.(原创)A. CompareB. When comparedC. ComparedD. When comparingPage No.35解析：选 D。考查状语从句的省略用法。在状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同或者主语为it 时，可以将从句中的主语或者 it 和助动词 be 省略。本句是将状语从句“When it is compared with the sizeof the whole earth”中的 it is 省略，因此正确答案为 D。解析：选 D。考点省略。在状语从句中，当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有 be 动词时，通常采用省略形式。句中的 little man 与 compare 之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故选 D。14.I wonder if it s because I haven t been able to be outdoors for so long that I ve grown so crazy abouteverything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。此句中的 its .that 是强调句型。关于强调句型，我们需要掌握以下几点：Page No.36（1）强调句型的基本结构：“It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who+其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that 只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。当被强调部分为 sb.作宾语时，可用 who,也可用 that,其他情况一律用 that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称与数上保持一致。（2）特殊句式中的强调句型：如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示“到底”、“究竟”等语气时，就用如下结构：“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+该句的其余部分”，that/who后只能使用陈述语序。在“not .until”结构中，由until所引导的短语（或从句） 作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型： “It+is/was+notuntil .+that+该句的其余部分”，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。Page No.37（3）强调句型要注意和 it 代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。It was three oclock when I got home.我到家的时候三点。It was at three oclock that I got home.三点钟我到的家。第 14页共 365 页It was in his town that he was brought up.第 15页共 365 页他是在镇上被养大的。（强调句）It was this town where/in which he was brought up.这是他被抚养长大的城镇。（定语从句）（4）英语中常用助动词 do, does 或 did 强调谓语。He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didnt findyou.他昨天确实去了机场，但他没有找到你。Page No.38It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。When is it that we will have a meeting?我们什么时候开会？高手过招单项填空It is in that poor village,Mary lived and worked 15 years ago,she will build herfirst school, which inspires everyone to help her.（原创）A. where; whenB. that; thatC. that; whenD. where; that解析：选 D。句意为：就是在那个她生活和工作了 15 年的贫穷的村庄，玛丽将要建起她的第一座学校，这一点鼓舞了人们来帮她。第一空为 where 引导的非限制性定语从句，第二空填 that,构成强调句型，强调地点状语。Page No.3915.I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do .我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账as 引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做”。as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语与从句谓语的同时性；引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装） ；引导方式状语从句，表示“以方式”；引导原因状语从句(=since; because)，意为“由于，因为”；引导比较状语从句。As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt.尽管天气冷，我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。Page No.40Why didnt you take the medicine as I told you to?为什么你没有按我说的来服这种药？As you were not there, I left amessage.因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。高手过招单项填空as he is, he speaks English well. （2010山西太原一中月考）A. Little childB. A littlechildC. The little childD. Child littleIn some countries,are called“public schools”are not owned by the public（.西新余一中质量检测）A. whichB. asC. whatD. that第 16页共 365 页最新最全资料分享 qq201011 江第 10 页 共 365 页Page No.41解析：选 B。 在让步状语从句中，作表语的名词如果提前，该名词常省去冠词，但若名词前有修饰语时，就不省略冠词。解析：选 C。考查 what 引导的主语从句。what 在主语从句中作主语。句意为：在许多国家，所谓的公立学校并非公众拥有。16.it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face .这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚如果前面是“it (will be)is/this (will be)is/that (will be)is+the first/second time that .”句式，表示“某人第几次做某事”。其中,that 引导的是定语从句，后面句子的时态用现在完成时；如果前面是 it (would be)was ., 后面则用过去完成时。It is the first time that I have come to Zhuhai.这是我第一次来珠海。It was the second time that she had visited London.那是她第二次游览伦敦。Page No.42温馨提示如果 time 前有 last 修饰，此时我们一般不用完成时态。注意：the first time 可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句；for the first time 意为“第一次”单独用作状语。This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.这是我最后一次给你们上课了。高手过招(1)单项填空Its the third timelate this week. （原创）A. that you areB. you areC. when you arrivedD. that you have beenIt was for the first time that heto theparty.A. InvitedB. had been invitedC. has been invitedD. was invited(2)翻译句子（原创）This will be the second time that I have been to the Great Wall.Page No.43（1）解析：选 D。 “ It is the +序数词+time+ that 从句”为固定句型，从句谓语动词必须用现在完成时。解析：选 D。it was .that 是强调结构，句中强调状语“for the first time”故选 D。（2）这将会是我第二次去长城。Page No.44Unit 2English around the world核心单词mandn. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握The officer commanded his soldiers to fire.那名军官命令士兵们开火。A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.将军是统率众多士兵的人。常用结构：at/ by sbs command听某人支配take command of控制第 11 页 共 365 页in command of指挥着第 12 页 共 365 页Page No.45under ones command由某人的指挥under the command of sb. 在某人的指挥下command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事command (=order) that .命令（从句用虚拟语气，即 should+ do形式，should 可省略）联想拓展commander n.指挥官高手过招用适当的介词填空（原创）For the first time in years, she felt she wascommandof her life.The army isthe kings direct command.The police arrived and took commandthe situation.in under/at/by ofPage No.462.requestvt.&n. 请求；恳求；要求常用结构：request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事request sth.from/of sb. 向某人要求某物request that sb.(should) do sth.要求某人做某事make a request/requests 发出请求at the request of sb.at sb.s request 依照某人的请求易混辨析request/demand/requirerequest 表示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”。demand表示“有正当权利的要求”，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。require表示“要求所必须的东西；法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。但它们也有不同之处：Page No.47require 和request 都可以接宾语+to do sth.结构，而demand 没有此种用法。但可以说 demand of sb. to do sth.require+动名词时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而 demand，request 无此种用法。They are demanding higher wages.他们要求提高工资。Do you require anything else? 你还要求（需要）别的吗？Many people have requested this next song.许多人要求听下面这首歌。They required me to keep silent. 他们要求我保持沉默。The letter requested us to leave the house within six weeks.这封信要求我们六周内搬出这所房子。温馨提示以上三个词的共同点是：从语法上看，request 和 demand，require 都可以接 that 引导的宾语从句，并且在从句中要使用虚拟语气。Page No.48高手过招单项填空One of the requirements for a fire is that the materialto its burning temperature.（2010陕西师大附中月考）第 13 页 共 365 页A. be heatedB.is heated第 14 页 共 365 页C.would be heatedD.do heatWhy were you late for such an important concert?The plane arrived at the airportafter aof three hours.（2010陕西商洛一轮检测）A. delayB. restC. tourD. request解析：选 A。如同 require, demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request 等动词要求其后面的宾语从句