河南专用2020版中考英语二轮复习语法专题过关专题十一非谓语动词课件人教新目标版.pptx

专用专用河南中中 考考英英 语语2020第二部分语法专题过关第二部分语法专题过关专题十一 非谓语动词 PART 02考点帮考点1 动词不定式考点2 动名词考点3 分词考点1考点帮考点帮动词不定式考点2考点3 动词不定式在句中不能单独作谓语,其形式不随主语的人称、数的变化而变化,其基本结构是to+动词原形(有时也可省略to),其否定形式为not to+动词原形。动词不定式的用法1.作主语,如:To travel around China is my dream. 环游中国是我的梦想。 考点1考点帮考点帮动词不定式考点2考点32.作表语,表示愿望、责任、义务等。不定式作表语可转化为不定式作主语,如:His wish is to be a policeman.=To be a policeman is his wish. 他的愿望是当一名警察。 3.作宾语,如:They agreed to start early. 他们同意早点儿动身。考点1考点帮考点帮动词不定式考点2考点3提分速记提分速记常见的后接动词不定式作宾语的词有常见的后接动词不定式作宾语的词有: :agree (同意)ask (请求)choose (选择)decide (决定)expect (期待)fail (未做到)learn (学会)manage (设法做成)offer (主动提出)plan (计划)prepare (准备)promise (许诺)refuse (拒绝)want (想要)wish/hope (希望)考点1考点帮考点帮动词不定式考点2考点3注:在find, think等词后跟动词不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语放在后面。如:I find it necessary to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有必要。 4.作宾语补足语,常见的其后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, wish, warn, allow等。如:Could you please tell him to call me back? 你能告诉他给我回个电话吗?2018常德中考 考点1考点帮考点帮动词不定式考点2考点35.作状语。动词不定式可以作目的状语、原因状语和结果状语,如:To catch up with her classmates, she always stays up late. 为了赶上她的同学,她总是熬夜到很晚。(作目的状语) I am sorry to hear that he was ill. 听到他生病的消息,我很难过。(作原因状语) 考点1考点帮考点帮动词不定式考点2考点3The room is large enough to hold 1,000 people. 这个房间足够大,能够容纳1,000人。(作结果状语) 6.作定语,位于所修饰的词之后。如:I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 考点1考点帮考点帮动词不定式考点2考点3常见的省略to的动词不定式1.动词不定式作感官动词、使役动词的宾语补足语时,要省略to。这类单词可归纳为:一感(feel), 二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。但当它们用于被动语态中时,to必须保留(let没有被动语态)。如:We saw him enter the room.=He was seen to enter the room by us. 我们看到他进了这个房间。 2.在would/will/could you please, had better(not), why not, 考点1考点帮考点帮动词不定式考点2考点3would rather等结构后,应用省略to的动词不定式。如:Why not buy these two bags? They are the most fashionable this year.为什么不买这两个包呢?它们是今年最流行的。2017哈尔滨中考 3.动词help后接不定式作宾语及宾语补足语时,to可省可不省。如:Could you please help me (to)carry the box? 请帮我搬一下箱子,好吗?考点1考点帮考点帮动词不定式考点2考点3妙辨异同妙辨异同感官动词后接不带感官动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时的动词不定式作宾语补足语时,强调动作强调动作经常发生或动作发生的全过程经常发生或动作发生的全过程;后接现在分词时则强调动作后接现在分词时则强调动作正在进行。试比较正在进行。试比较:I often see him play basketball on the playground. 我经常我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。看见他在操场上打篮球。I saw him playing basketball when I passed the playground. 我经过操场的时候我经过操场的时候,看见他正在打篮球。看见他正在打篮球。考点1考点帮考点帮动词不定式考点2考点3动词不定式的重要句型1.疑问词+动词不定式结构该结构中的疑问词包括what,which,how,when,where等。该结构可在句中作宾语或宾语补足语,并可与宾语从句互换。如:Could you tell me how to get to the post office?Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?告诉我如何到达邮局吗？你能考点1考点帮考点帮动词不定式考点2考点32.too.to.太而不能与.enough to do sth.足够可以做某事,如:He is too angry to say a word. 他气得说不出话来。She is old enough to decide for herself. 她已到自己作决定的年龄了。3.It takes sb. some time to do sth.表示某人花费多少时间做某事,如: It took me three weeks to finish reading the novel. 我花了三周的时间读完了这本小说。考点1考点帮考点帮动名词考点2考点3 动名词由动词原形+-ing构成,具有名词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语等,其否定形式为not+动词原形+-ing。具体用法如下:1.作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,且常用it作形式主语,把真正的主语后置。如:It is a waste of time talking to her.同她讲话是浪费时间。2.作表语。动名词作表语可以转换为动名词作主语,如:考点1考点帮考点帮动名词考点2考点3The nurses job is looking after patients.=Looking after patientsis the nurses job.护士的工作就是照顾病人。3.作宾语,表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作。如:Would you mind my smoking? 你介意我抽烟吗?(动词宾语)What about going shopping tomorrow? 明天去购物怎么样?(介词宾语)4.作定语,表明被修饰词的用途、性质等,位于被修饰词之前。如:He is in the waiting room. 他在候车室。考点1考点帮考点帮动名词考点2考点3 得分巧记(1)常见的其后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有:avoid doing sth.避免做某事consider doing sth.考虑做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事finish doing sth.做完某事imagine doing sth.想象做某事keep doing sth.一直做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事practice doing sth.练习做某事考点1考点帮考点帮动名词考点2考点3 得分巧记look forward to doing sth.期待做某事cant stand doing sth.受不了做某事regret doing sth.后悔做了某事cant/couldnt help doing sth.情不自禁做某事feel like doing sth.想要做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事miss doing sth.错过做某事dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事考点1考点帮考点帮动名词考点2考点3 提分速记有些词既可接动词不定式也可接动名词作宾语,但含义不同。如:考点1考点帮考点帮动名词考点2考点3考点1考点帮考点帮分词考点2考点3 分词分为现在分词(v.+-ing)和过去分词(v.+-ed)两种。现在分词具有主动和动作正在进行的含义;过去分词具有被动和动作已经完成的含义。具体用法如下:1.作定语。如:The broken window needs repairing.那扇破窗户需要修补。Do you know the boy standing at the door? 你认识站在门口的那个男孩吗?考点1考点帮考点帮分词考点2考点3 2.作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随等。如:They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出了教室。(作伴随状语)The car, hit badly, cant move at all. 那辆车被撞得很严重,一点儿都不能动了。(作原因状语)3.作宾语补足语,表示宾语正在进行的动作或宾语的状态。如:考点1考点帮考点帮分词考点2考点3 I found him reading a novel. 我发现他在看小说。I found him crowded by other boys. 我发现他被其他男孩儿围住了。4.作表语,相当于形容词。现在分词表示主语的性质特征,过去分词表示主语的状态。如:The girl is too frightened to move. 这个女孩吓得一动不动。