人教新目标九年级英语Unit13知识点复习.pdf

Unit 13 WUnit 13 Were trying to save the earth!ere trying to save the earth!知识点总结知识点总结词汇过关词汇过关1.v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾；废弃物2. n. 底部；最下部4. n. 煤；煤块5.adj. 公众的；公共的 n. 民众；百姓6.adj. 丑陋的；难看的7.n. 优点；有利条件8. v. 花费 n. 花费；价钱9.adj. 木制的；木头的10.adj. 塑料的 n. 塑料；塑胶11. 有关系，作用，影响12. n. 鲨鱼13. n（.鱼）鳍14.（短语） 割掉；砍掉15. n. 方法；措施16. adj. 残酷的；残忍的17. adj. 有害的18. n. 链子；链条19. n. 生态系统20.adj（.数量等）减少的；低的；矮的21. n. 工业；行业22. n. 法律；法规23. adj.可重复使用的；可再次使用的24. v. 承担得起（后果） ；买得起25. n. 运输业；交通运26. v. 回收利用；再利用27. n. 餐巾；餐巾纸28.(短语）颠倒；倒转29.n. 大门30.n. 瓶；瓶子31.n. 负责人；主席；总统32. n. 灵感； 鼓舞人心的人（或事物33.n. 金属34.n. 创造力；独创性一本单元语法复习：一本单元语法复习：（1 1） 现在进行时现在进行时（1）含义：表示正在发生或进行的动作。（2）基本结构：主语 + be + 现在分词（be 的形式随主语的变化而变化）（3）基本用法：表示现在正在进行的动作。 特征： 常常与 now 或具体的时间连用， 有时句中会有感官动词来提示，或通过上下文来暗示。表示现阶段一直进行的动作。这类动词常常是延续性动词。常于 at present, this week, these days 等连用。表示主语的特征、性格、能力等(2)(2)现在完成时现在完成时（1）含义：表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响。（2）基本结构：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （3）基本用法：表示过去发生的动作，但强调对现在产生影响。特征：不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。常常与 since, for, in the past + 时间名词，in the last +时间名词等时间状语连用，而且谓语动词要求是延续性动词。表示一种“经历或体验”，即可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。(3)(3)被动语态被动语态归纳如下（三种红色要求熟练掌握，其余为了解）（1）一般现在时是被动语态：am / is / are + 过去分词（2）现在完成时的被动式： have / has + been + 过去分词（3）现在进行时的被动式：am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词（4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词（5）过去进行时的被动式：was / were + being + 过去分词（6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词（7）一般将来时的被动式：will / be going to be+ 过去分词（8）含有情态动词的被动式：情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。(4)(4)情态动词情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。后面一般跟动词原形。(5)used to(5)used to 结构结构used to 意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used to 是个情态动词，其中的 to 是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在美式英语中。它的疑问式是：Did 主语use to do sth？否定式是：主语didnt use 。二、重点词汇二、重点词汇 1. 1. 词义辨析：词义辨析：cost/spend/take/paycost/spend/take/pay 都与“花费”有关，但用法上有区别。 coststh. costs (sb.) +money spend1. spend+ time/money on sth. 2. spend +time/money (in) doing sth. take payIt takes (sb.) time +to do sth.pay (sb.)+money for sth.因此，“他们花两年建造这座桥”可以表示为： They spend two years on this bridge. =They spent two years (in) building this bridge.=It took them two years to build this bridge.“我花了 2000 块钱买这台电脑”可以表示为： I spent 2000 Yuan on the new computer.=I spent 2000 Yuan (in) buying the new computer.=The new computer cost me 2000 Yuan.=I paid 2000 Yuan for the new computer.2. 2.词义辨析：词义辨析：take part in/join/join in/attendtake part in/join/join in/attend 这些动词或词组均含“参加，加入”之意。 take part in join join in attend常指参加大型比赛或活动。特指加入党派、团体等；join sb. in (doing) sth. 指“和某人一起做某事”。多指参加小规模的活动，如：球赛、游戏等。侧重参加或出席会议、学术活动、 音乐会、上课等等，着重强调成为其中的听众或观众。 A lot of college students took part in the movement last year. 去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。His brother joined the army two years ago. 两年前他哥哥参军。May I join in your discussion? 我可以参加你们的讨论吗？ Hundreds of students attended the lecture given by the famous professor. 数百人参加了这位教授的讲座。 3. 3.词义辨析：词义辨析：turnturn 词组词组 turn on turn off turn up turn down turn out打开关上把调高把调低 turn around转身 turn back turn to turn into返回翻到；求助于将转变为；译成翻转原来是，结果是 turn out (to turn overbe) +adj./n.The experiment turned out to be a success.实验是成功的。 I turned around to see who was calling me.我转过身看谁在喊我。Please turn to Page 10.请翻到第十页。I have turned into a woman with strong will. 我已经变成了意志坚定的人。She turned over and fell to sleep.她翻了翻身，睡着了。turnturn 还可作名词，意为“机会，轮次”还可作名词，意为“机会，轮次”4.afford to do sth.4.afford to do sth.：买得起：买得起，足够支付，足够支付 (affordable. adj. (affordable. adj.买得起的买得起的) )We cant afford to pay such a high price.我们付不起这个价钱。 5. be harmful to 5. be harmful to：对：对有害有害 =be bad for =be bad forStaying up often is harmful to your health.经常熬夜对你的健康有害。拓展：1. harm：n. 害处 2. do harm to：对有害 6. at the top of 6. at the top of：在：在顶端顶端There was not enough oxygen at the top of the mountain.山顶上缺氧。He shouted at the top of his voice in order to be heard.他尽力大声叫喊，以便别人能听见。拓展：反义词 at the bottom of：在的底端7. take action7. take action：采取行动：采取行动The police had to take action to deal with the riots. 警方不得不采取行动来对付骚乱。 8. throw away 8. throw away：扔掉；错过（机会等）：扔掉；错过（机会等）Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly. 许多人随手乱扔香烟头。Dont throw away this opportunity.别错失这次机会。拓展： 1. throw at：扔向 2. throw about：到处扔 9. put sth. to good use 9. put sth. to good use：好好利用某物：好好利用某物 =take the advantage of sth =take the advantage of sth If you focus your mind on the task, your talents can be put to good use.如果你集中精神在工作上，你的才能就能好好利用起来。10.10.pulldownpulldown：拆毁：拆毁pull together_pull together_They are going to pull down the old building and replace it with a new shopping mall.他们打算把这幢旧建筑拆掉，并代之以新的商场。11.upside down11.upside down：上下颠倒：上下颠倒The lid, turned upside down, served as a coffee table.那个盖子被反过来当作咖啡桌。 12. bring back 12. bring back：归还；使想起：归还；使想起Your article brought back sad memories for me. 你的文章使我想起了伤心的往事。拓展：1. bring up：抚养长大 2. bring in：引进 3. bring forward：提出 4. bring about：带来，造成13.13.一词多义：一词多义：workwork n. n.工作；（音乐、艺术）作品；工厂工作；（音乐、艺术）作品；工厂 v. v. 工作工作He has much work to do.他有很多工作要做。（做“工作”讲，为不可数名词）The man gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.他通过印刷著名作家的作品来获得财富。（做“作品”讲，为可数名词，但常用复数） The glass works is/are near the station.玻璃厂在车站附近。（做“工厂”讲，只用复数形式，但谓语动词单复均可）拓展：英语中有些名词，单复数形式意义有差别。 manner 方式，方法manners 礼貌，礼仪 arm 胳膊 arms 武器water 水 waters 海水，水域wood 木头 woods 森林mean 意思是means 手段，方法14.14. 辨析：辨析：need to be done; need doingneed to be done; need doing 与与 need to doneed to do need doing=need to be done 需要被现在分词 doing 表被动“需要被做”，相当于 need to be done。My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired.我的表需要修了。 need 后加不定式，证明 need 为实义动词，而 非情态动词，这时 need 有人称和数的变化。He needs to get up early. 他需要早起三、重点句型三、重点句型Other advantages of bike riding are that its good for health and it doesnt costOther advantages of bike riding are that its good for health and it doesnt cost anything. anything.解析解析： 本句的主干是 Other advantages of bike riding are； that its good for healthanything 是由 that引导的表语从句；其中 its good for health 和 it doesnt cost anything 是骑自行车的两个优势。翻译翻译：骑自行车的其它好处有：有益健康而且不花钱。But do you realize that youre killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl ofBut do you realize that youre killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of sharks finsharks finsoup?soup? 解析解析：本句的主干是 do you realize？；that youre killing a whole shark 是 realize 的宾语从句；each time you enjoy a bowl of sharks fin soup 是时间状语从句。翻译翻译：但是你有没有意识到每次你喝鱼翅汤的时候其实是在杀害一整头鲸鱼？出题建议出题建议：确定好题型后，在关键词中输入：each time。Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their foodMany believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their foodchain.chain.解析解析：本句的主干是 Many believe；that sharks can never be endangered 是 believe 的宾语从句；because they are the strongest in their food chain 是由 because 引导的原因状语从句。翻译翻译：许多人相信，鲨鱼不会遇到危险，因为在它们的食物链中，鲨鱼是最强壮的。Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can beNot only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can bebrought back to life with a little creativity.brought back to life with a little creativity.解析解析：本句的主干是 Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows，主干是由 notonlybut also连接并列句；that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity 作shows 宾语从句。翻译翻译： 艺术不仅仅可以给他人带来快乐， 同时也表明只要有创意， 即使冷硬的钢铁都可以恢复生机。