10个重要情态动词用法详解(共2页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上10个重要情态动词用法详解1. can 表示能力,一般译为“能、会”,尤其指生来具备的能力。如:She can swim fast, but I cant . 表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. 表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时cant译为“不可能”。如:Can the news be true?No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.2. could can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。如:He could write poems when he was 10. could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?Could I use your pen?Yes, you can.(注意回答)3. may 表示请求、许可,比can正式,如:May I borrow your bike? You may go home now. 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。如:It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home. may的过去式为 might。might 也可以表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)。如:He is away from school. He might be sick. 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V如:May you have a good time.May you be happy!May you succeed!4. must must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”。如:You must stay here until I come back.Must I hand in my homework right now? 对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为neednt 或dont have to .如:Must I finish my homework?No, you neednt. must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“ 一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now. 其否定形式mustnt表示“禁止,不许”。如:You mustnt play with fire.You mustnt be late.注意其反意问句的构成形式:当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如:She must have seen the film before,hasntshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didnt you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)5. need need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为neednt,意为“不必”。用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为neednt或dont have to。如:Need I stay here any longer?Yes, you must .No. you neednt /dont have to.need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如:I need to do it right now.如果是物作主语,一般用need doing与need to be done,这种情况下应注意两点: 主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义; 该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如:. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.6. daredare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性: dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如:Dare he tell them what he knows?I darent ask her. Will you do it for me? dare作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如:He doesnt dare to break his promise.注意:口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。如:Do you dare tell her what I said?7. shallshall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)如:Shall we go out for a walk?Shall the driver wait outside?8. should should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如:We should protect the environment. Should have done 意为”本应该做某事而没做“,表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如:You should have finished your homework.9. willwill 表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。如:I will help you if Im free this afternoon.10. had betterhad better 意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not。如:We had better go now.专心-专注-专业