高考英语语法代词讲解(共3页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上考点知识全面总结高频考点知识总结一人称代词、物主代词、反身代词和疑问代词（一）人称代词1当说话者不清楚或不必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用it来表示。如：Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?这孩子真可爱。是男孩还是女孩？2. 人称代词有时也可用作名词。如：Its not a she; its a he.那不是女孩是个男孩。3. 人称代词单独使用时，一般不用主格而用宾格。如：-Glad to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。-Me, too. 我也是。4. 代词they（不分性别）代表一提到过的一些人或物，在口语中还可以代替he or she。此外，they还可泛指一般人。如：The Browns phoned. Theyre coming round this evening.布朗夫妇打电话了。他们今天晚上到。If anyone arrives late, theyll have to wait outside.谁要是迟到，谁就得在外面等着。（代替he or she）They say were going to have a hot summer.据说今年夏天将会很热。（泛指一般人）（二）物主代词物主代词即人称代词的所有个形式，它可分为形容词性物主代词（my, your, his, her, its, our, theirs）和名词性物主代词（mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs）1. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能作名词或动名词的定语。如：This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。（作名词的定语） Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我开窗户吗？（作动名词的定语或被称为动名词的逻辑主语）2. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，可单独做主语、宾语、表语；此外，名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用，构成双重所有格，即：a/ an/ this/ these/ those/ some/ any/ several/ no/ each/ every/ such/ another/ which+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如：This is her coat. Mine is over there.这是她的大衣，我的（大衣）在那。Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.我的一些朋友将参加我的生日聚会。 （三）反身代词1. 反身代词的基本用法 动宾：Tom taught himself Chinese.作宾语介宾：The boy is old enough to take dare of himself.反身代词作表语：She is not quite herself today.做同位语：I myself can repair the bike.3. 含有反身代词的惯用语与介词连用Youll have to see if he has gone to the school for yourself. （亲自）The computer can shut off of itself.（=naturally自动地）Jim is not bad in himself, but he is a little shy.（本身，本质）One would rather have a bedroom to oneself.（=for ones own private use; not to be shared独自享用）He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.（=almost mad with anger/ excitement, etc. 由于气愤/ 激动等而发狂、忘形）（四）疑问代词1. what, who的区别 一般来说，what问职业、地位；who问的是姓名或身份。如：Who is that man? He is her husband.What is the man over there? He is a doctor.2. which, what的区别 which是在一直范围内进行选择，后面可跟of短语；what是在未知范围内进行选择，后面不可跟of短语。如：Which ( of the animals) is bigger, an elephant or a horse?(有范围)What do you want to read?(无范围)3. whatever, whichever, whoever等的用法whatever, whichever, whoever分别问what, which, who的强调形式，相当于what/ which/ who on earth,意为：到底（究竟）什么/ 哪一个/谁。如：Whatever do you want? 你到底想要什么？Whoever gave you the book? 究竟是谁给你的书？4. what的习惯用法the population? 人口是多少？the distance? 距离是多远？the price (of the book)? (书的) 价格是多少？What is your address? 你住在哪里？your attitude? 你的态度怎样？the height/ weight/ the depth/ length/ width/ size?高度/重量/深度/长度/宽度/大小是多少？二、不定代词（一）both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone如：When shall we meet again?Make it any day you like: its all the same to me咱们什么时候再见面？你喜欢哪天就哪天，对我来说，哪天都无所谓Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?Im afraid neither day is possible.周一和周二你哪天能来？恐怕（这两天）哪天都不行。Do you want tea or coffee? 你要茶还是要咖啡？Either. I really dont mind. (这两种）哪个都行，我都不介意。（二）none, nothing, nobody( no one)的区别1.none即可指人，也可指物，且表特指概念，常回答how many, how much引导的疑问句；nobody（no one）只能指人，且表示泛指概念，常回答who引导的疑问句；nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念，常回答what引导的疑问句。如：How much money do you have?你有多少钱？None. 一点也没有。What are you doing now? 你在做什么？Nothing. 什么也没做。2. none 常与前面的some/ any/ every+名词连用；nothing往往与前面的something/ anything/ everything连用；no one往往与前面的somebody(one) / anybody(one) / everybody(one)连用。如： If I had some money, I would lend him some, but unfortunately, I have none. 如果我有钱的话，我就借给他一些，但不幸的是，我没钱。3. none后面可跟of短语，而something/ anything/ everything/ nothing和 someone/anyone/everyone/no one却不能。如：As we were asleep , none of us heard the sound.由于我们在睡觉，因此没人听到那声音。None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.他们当中没人知道那项计划，因为那还是秘密。（三）any, every的区别 Any+名词表示“（三个或三个以上中）任何”，即：这个或那个或那个；every+名词表示“（三个或三个以上中的）每一个”，即：这个和那个和那个。not any表全部否定，而not every+名词表部分否定。如： I have many books here, and you can take any one. 我这里有很多书，你可以拿任何一本。 Every student has to take the examination. (= All the students have to take the examination.) 每个学生都必须参加考试。（四）each, every的区别each强调“个体”，可作代词和形容词，指“两个或两个以上中的每一个”；every强调“全体”，只能作定语，指“三个或三个以上中的每一个”。Each作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each表部分否定。如： Each of my children goes to a different school. 我的几个孩子各自在不同的学校上学。 Each of the tickets costs 10 dollars. = The tickets cost 10 dollars each. =The tickets each cost 10 dollars. 每张票十美元。（后面两句中each作同位语） Every man is not honest. = Not every man is honest. 并非每个人都诚实。（五）全部否定和部分否定all, both, everyone/ everybody/ everything以及every+名词都表示全部肯定；no one, none, nobody, nothing, notany, 以及no+名词都表示全部否定、但当not出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在它们前还是后都表示部分否定，此外not与总括性副词如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。（六）one, another, the other; some, others, the others的区别一个/ 一些另一个/一些剩余的一个/ 一些单数oneanotherthe other复数someothersthe others此外，the other只能加可数名词（单数或复数），不可加不可数名词；但另外一个短语the rest of（剩余的）后可以加复数名词，还可以加不可数名词；副词else只能放在不定代词或特殊疑问词后。（七）one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的区别 One用来代替前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/ an+可数名词；ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念，the one用来代替前面的特质的单数名词，有时可用that代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）；the ones用来代替前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）；that用来代替前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the+单数/ 不可数名词。如： Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one (= a present) that I have never seen. Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=presents) that I have never seen. The book on the desk is better than that/ the one (=the book) under the desk The books on the desk are better than those/ the ones (=the books) under the desk. Few pleasures can equal that (=the pleasure) of a cool drink on a hot day.（八）many, much, few, little, a few, a little的区别多少代表/ 加 复数名词manyfew代表/ 加 不可数名词muchlittle肯定否定代表/ 加 复数名词a few 几个few 少代表/ 加 不可数名词a little一点little少（九）与复合不定代词构成的习惯句型 He is nothing but a clerk. 他只是一个职员。 He is anything but a clerk. 他绝不是一名职员 He is someone/ something/ not anybody. 他是个重要人物/ 出色的人物/ 普通的人。 She is something of a doctor. She has saved many lives. 她可以说是一位出色的医生，她已经救了很多人的命。三、it的用法（一）it 指代时间、距离、自然现象等，如： It is half past two now. (指时间) It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital. (指距离) It was very cold in the room. (指温度)A lovely day, isnt it? Yes, isnt it. (指天气)（二）it 指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。如：Who is knocking at the door? (不明性别)Its me.Ive broken a plate.It（=Breaking the plate）doesnt matter. (前面所提到过的事情)The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. (双方都明白的事情)（三）it可以做形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。如： He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well. 他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。 We think it no good reading in bed. 我们认为躺在床上读书没有好处。 It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema. 据说他们都去看电影了。（四）it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，如：enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to, 即这些动词后面的宾语从句前要加it。如： I take it that you dont agree with me. 我的解释是：你不同意我的见解。 I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. 有时，非得用法语打电话，我感到很讨厌。 I like it when she sings a song for me. 我喜欢她为我唱歌。 I cant help it if he is always late. 如果他总迟到，我也没办法 I will appreciate it if you can help me.如果您能帮忙，我将不胜感激。Please see to it that ( =make sure that) you bring enough money when you go out.出门时，务必带足了钱。You can count on it that he is very smart.你就相信吧，他非常聪明。As someone puts it, practice makes perfect.像某人所说的那样，熟能生巧。（五）it用于强调句型中（见特殊句式）易错易混知识总结一、易混点归纳（一） some，any及some-，any-，every-复合不定代词1. some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句、疑问句。但在下列情况下多用some：（1） some后接单数可数名词，意为“某一”时，相当于“a certain + 单数可数名词”；（2） 在表示请求或邀请的句子中，期望对方给予一个肯定的答复时，通常用some，而不用any。2. any常用于下列肯定句中：（1） 用于陈述句或祈使句中，后接可数名词单数形式表示“任何；无论哪一个”；（2） 用于肯定的条件句中，意为“什么；一个（些）”；if any是固定词组，意为“如果有的话”。Some，any，every常与-one，-body，-thing构成复合不定代词，与some，any，every用法基本相同。（二） other，the other，another和others指代单数时，若是泛指，用another；若是特指，则用the other。指代复数时，若是泛指，用other修饰名词的复数形式；若是特指，用the other修饰名词的复数形式。others不能作定语，表示复数意义，相当于“other + 复数名词”；the others相当于“the other + 复数名词”。another一般表示单数，其后接可数名词的单数形式。但若其后有数词或few时，则可接复数名词。（三） both，either，neither，all和noneboth，neither和either都表示两者，可作主语、宾语和定语。both还可做同位语。both表示肯定，意为“两者都”；neither表示对两者的全部否定，意为“两者都不”；either表示两者中任何一个。all和none表示三者或三者以上。all可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语，表示全部肯定。None可作主语、宾语和同位语，但不能作定语，表示全部否定。all作主语，指人时看作复数，指事物时看作单数；none做主语，看作单复数皆可。（四） one，ones，that和thoseone和ones表示泛指，代替上文提到的可数名词，one指代单数，ones指代复数，可有前置定语或后置定语，也可单独使用。如果其前面有定冠词the则表示特指。that用来代替前面提到过的单数可数名词或不可数名词，不能和冠词连用，其后常有修饰语。those代替可数名词的复数。专心-专注-专业