2017考研英语二真题原文（完整版） .docx

2017考研英语二真题原文（完整版）Section1UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Happypeopleworkdifferently.Theyremoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence_1_firmswork,too.Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper._2_,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonRD(researchanddevelopment).Thatsbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking_3_formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe_4_andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould_5_thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.citiesaveragehappiness_6_byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas._7_enough,firmsinvestmentandRDintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere_8_.Butisitreallyhappinessthatslinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities_9_whyfirmstherespendmoreonRD?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious_10_thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvestlikesize,industry,andsalesandforindicatorsthataplacewas_11_tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally_12_evenafteraccountingforthesethings.Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors_13_tolesscodifieddecisionmakingprocessandthepossiblepresenceofyoungerandless_14_managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.Therelationshipwas_15_strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore_16_.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality._17_thisdoesntprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast_18_atthatpossibility.Itsnothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp_19_howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand_20_RDmorethantheaverage,saidoneresearcher.1.AwhyBwhereChowDwhen2.AInreturnBInparticularCIncontrastDInconclusion3.AsufficientBfamousCperfectDnecessary4.AindividualismBmodernismCoptimismDrealism5.AechoBmissCspoilDchange6.AimaginedBmeasuredCinventedDassumed7.ASureBOddCUnfortunateDOften8.AadvertisedBdividedCovertaxedDheadquartered9.AexplainBoverstateCsummarizeDemphasize10.AstagesBfactorsClevelsDmethods11.AdesirableBsociableCreputableDreliable12.AresumedBheldCemergedDbroke13.AattributeBassignCtransferDcompare14.AseriousBcivilizedCambitiousDexperienced15.AthusBinsteadCalsoDnever16.ArapidlyBregularlyCdirectlyDequally17.AAfterBUntilCWhileDSince18.AarrivesBjumpsChintsDstrikes19.AshapeBrediscoverCsimplifyDshare20.AprayforBleantowardsCgiveawayDsendoutSectionReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Itstruethathigh-schoolcodingclassesarentessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellonsSchoolofComputerScience.However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatitsnotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbersbutatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.Itsnotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthatsbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,butwetrytogearlessonstowardthingstheyreinterestedin,saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywontdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sotheRubyonRailslanguagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearnhowtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresultsapplytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputersintheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomesfortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywanttheearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothatthebetter.21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto_.A.completefuturejobtrainingB.remodelthewayofthinkingC.formulatelogicalhypothesesD.perfectartworkproduction22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir_.A.experienceB.academicbackgroundsC.careerprospectsD.interest23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill_.A.helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguagesB.havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescomeC.needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobsD.enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto_.A.competewithafuturearmyofprogrammersB.staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustryC.becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworldD.bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies25.Thewordcoax(Line4,Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto_.A.challengeB.persuadeC.frightenD.misguideText2Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens-akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslandsoncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecieshistoricrange.ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService（USFWS）decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened.Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdasendangered,astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthethreatenedtaggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationsapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalactionandwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechickenshabitat.Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarangewidemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat,USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistoletstatesremaininthedriversseatformanagingthespecies，Ashesaid.Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoricSomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourtNotsurprisingly,doesntgofarenoughThefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,saysbiologistJayLininger.26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis_ Aitsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation Btheunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage Cadesperateappealfromsomebiologists Dtheinsistenceofprivatelandowners27.Thethreatenedtagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit_ Awasagive-intogovernmentalpressure Bwouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction Cgrantedlessfederalregulatorypower Dwentagainstconservationpolicies28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey_ Aagreetopayasumforcompensation Bvolunteertosetupanequallybighabitat CoffertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob DpromisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations29.AccordingtoAshe，theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin_ Athefederalgovernment Bthewildlifeagencies Cthelandowners Dthestates30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport_ Aindustrygroups Bthewin-winrhetoric Cenvironmentalgroups DtheplanunderchallengeText3Thateveryonestoobusythesedaysisaclich.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully：Theresneveranytimetoread.Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdontseemsufficient.Thewebsfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:GiveupTVorCarryabookwithyouatalltimesButinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesntwork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelseyouresoexhaustedthatachallengingbooksthelastthingyouneed.Themodernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunicationItisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption.Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcantbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.Infact,becomingmoreefficientispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoalimmersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyoullmanageonlygoal-focusedreading-useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,andwefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes）astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem.Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.Youdthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsusstepoutsidetimesflowintosoultime.Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.Carryabookwithyouatalltimescanactuallywork,too-providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyouremakingtimetoread,butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdontworkbecause? Awhattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind Bwhatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading Cwhatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem Dwhatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed32.Theemptybottlesmetaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto? Aupdatetheirto-dolists Bmakepassingtimefulfilling Ccarrytheirplansthrough Dpursuecarefreereading33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps? Aencouragetheefficiencymind-set Bdeveloponlinereadinghabits Cpromoteritualisticreading Dachieveimmersivereading34.Carryabookwithyouatalltimescanworkif? Areadingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday Ballthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith Cyouareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading Dtimecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness35.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe? AHowtoEnjoyEasyReading BHowtoFindTimetoRead CHowtoSetReadingGoals DHowtoReadExtensivelyText4Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics.Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethosejustgettingstartedinlifefaceatougheragood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-yaear-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid.Icantaffordtopaymamonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomarkthathappen.Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheir?childreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung.Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidnthavecollegedegrees,Schneidersaid.Idontthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore.36.Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis_.? Atryingoutdifferentlifestyles Bhavingafamilywithchildren Cworkingbeyondretirementage Dsettingupaprofitablebusiness37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto?_.? Afavoraslowerlifepace Bholdanoccupationlonger Cattachimportancetopre-maritalfinance Dgiveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome38.Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill?_.? Abecomeincreasinglyclear Bfocusonmaterialisticissues Cdependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences DreachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife39.Bothyoungandoldagreethat?_. Agood-payingjobsarelessavailable Btheoldmademorelifeachievements Chousingloanstodayareeasytoobtain Dgettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung40.Whichofthefollowingistru