2017考研英语一真题试卷及答案（文字完整版） .docx

2017考研英语一真题试卷及答案（文字完整版）2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题+【答案】SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesoundingyes!1helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat'susually14withstress,notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty.Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalledthebondinghormone18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.1.AUnlikeBBesidesCDespiteDThroughout【答案】BBesides2.AconnectedBrestrictedCequalDinferior【答案】Aconnected3.AchoiceBviewClessonDhost【答案】Dhost4.ArecallBforgetCavoidDkeep【答案】Cavoid5.AcollectingBinvolvingCguidingDaffecting【答案】Binvolving6.AofBinCatDon【答案】Don7.AdevotedBexposedClostDattracted【答案】Bexposed8.AacrossBalongCdownDout【答案】Cdown9.AcalculatedBdeniedCdoubtedDimagined【答案】Acalculated10.AservedBrequiredCrestoredDexplained【答案】Dexplained11.AEvenBStillCRatherDThus【答案】AEven12.AdefeatsBsymptomsCtestsDerrors【答案】Bsymptoms13.AminimizedBhighlightedCcontrolledDincreased【答案】Dincreased14.AequippedBassociatedCpresentedDcompared【答案】Bassociated15.AassessBmoderateCgenerateDrecord【答案】Cgenerate16.AinthefaceofBintheformofCinthewayofDinthenameof【答案】Ainthefaceof17.AtransferBcommitCattributeDreturn【答案】Cattribute18.AbecauseBunlessCthoughDuntil【答案】Abecause19.AemergesBvanishesCremainsDdecreases【答案】Cremains20.AexperiencesBcombinesCjustifiesDinfluences【答案】DinfluencesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons-bothfakeandreal-pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock.Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.21.thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto Astresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide. BhighlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorUSairports. CexplainAmericans'toleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks. Demphasistheimportanceofprivacyprotection.【答案】CexplainAmericans'toleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.22.whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairport? ANewrestrictionsoncarry-onbags. BThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA. CAnincreaseinthenumberoftravelers. DFrequentunexpectedsecretchecks.【答案】CAnincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.23.Thewordexpedited(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto Afaster. Bquieter. Cwider. Dcheaper.【答案】Afaster.24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis AAdramaticreductionofitsscale. BItswrongly-directedimplementation. CThegovernment'sreluctancetobackit. DAnunreasonablepriceforenrollment.【答案】DAnunreasonablepriceforenrollment.25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext? ALessScreeningforMoreSafety BPreCheck-aBelatedSolution CGettingStuckinSecurityLines DUnderusedPreCheckLanes【答案】BPreCheck-aBelatedSolutionText2TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceistheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland'sinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.26.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicates Aitsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy. BtheimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety. Ctheregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes. Dherappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.【答案】BtheimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto Aitsgeographicalfeatures Bitsprotectivesurroundings. Citsreligiousimplications. Ditsexistinginfrastructure.【答案】Aitsgeographicalfeatures28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause Aitmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife. Bitremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory. Ctheirculturewillloseachanceofrevival. DtheyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.【答案】Bitremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy AisfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians. BhelpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld. CmayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture. DwilleventuallysoftenHawaiians'hostility.【答案】CmayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof Aseverecriticism. Bpassiveacceptance. Cslighthesitancy. Dfullapproval.【答案】Dfullapproval.Text3RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasureseverythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe ApraisedtheUKforitsGDP. BidentifiedGDPwithhappiness. CmisinterpretedtheroleofGDP. DhadalowopinionofGDP.【答案】DhadalowopinionofGDP32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that AtheUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern. BGDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK. CtheUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy. DpolicymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.【答案】BGDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy? AItissponsoredby163countries. BItexcludesGDPasanindicator. CItscriteriaarequestionable. DItsresultsareenlightening.【答案】DItsresultsareenlightening.34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat AtheUKispreparingforaneconomicboom. BhighGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline. CitisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP. Ditrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.【答案】CitisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext? AHighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson BGDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth CRebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP DBrexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being【答案】AHighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLessonText4Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell'strialfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathisofficialacts,ortheformergovernor'sdecisionsonspecificandunsettledissuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsisdistastefulandnasty.Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotanofficialact.Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery.Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthest