2018年考研英语（一）真题：新题型真题及解析（文字版） .docx

2018年考研英语（一）真题：新题型真题及解析（文字版）OriginallybuiltfortheState,WarandNavyDepartmentsbetween1871and1888,theEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuildingnowhousesamajorityofofficesforWhiteHousestaff.TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuildingislocatednexttotheWestWing,andhousesamajorityofofficesforWhiteHousestaff.OriginallybuiltfortheState,WarandNavyDepartmentsbetween1871and1888,theEEOBisanimpressivebuildingthatcommandsauniquepositioninbothournationalhistoryandarchitecturalheritage.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasuryAlfredMullett,thegranite,slateandcastironexteriormakestheEEOBoneofAmericasbestexamplesoftheFrenchSecondEmpirestyleofarchitecture.Ittook17yearsforMullettsmasterpiecetofinallybecompleted.TakeatouroftheEEOBhere.HistoryNextdoortotheWhiteHouse,theEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsauniquepositioninbothournationalhistoryandarchitecturalheritage.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.InboldcontrasttomanyofthesomberclassicalrevivalbuildingsinWashington,theEEOBsflamboyantstyleepitomizestheoptimismandexuberanceofthepost-CivilWarperiod.TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenationsforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcenturytheperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenationsmostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.ThefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedonsitesflankingtheWhiteHousebetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuildingtothenortheastoftheWhiteHouse.TheStateDepartmentthenmovedtotheD.C.OrphanAsylumBuildingwhiletheWarandNavyDepartmentscontinuedtomakedowiththeircrampedquarterstothewestoftheWhiteHouse.InDecemberof1869,CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments.TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.WhentheEEOBwasfinishedin1888,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.Completedin1875,theStateDepartmentssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretarysofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarqetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.TheIndianTreatyRoom,originallytheNavyslibraryandreceptionroom,costmorepersquarefootthananyotherroominthebuildingbecauseofitsrichmarblewallpanels,tiledfloors,800-poundbronzesconces,andgoldleafornamentation.ThisroomhasbeenthesceneofmanyPresidentialnewsconferencesandcontinuestobeusedforconferencesandreceptionsattendedbythePresident.Theremainingnorth,west,andcenterwingswereconstructedfortheWarDepartmentandtookanadditional10yearstobuild.Notableinteriorsincludeanornatecast-ironlibrary,theSecretaryssuite,andthestainedglassskylightoverthewestwingsdoublestaircase.ManyofourmostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOBsgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.BushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingPresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor.PresidentHerbertHooveroccupiedtheSecretaryofNavysofficeforafewmonthsfollowingafireintheOvalOfficeonChristmasEve1929.Inrecenthistory,PresidentRichardNixonhadaprivateofficehere.VicePresidentLyndonB.JohnsonwasthefirstinasuccessionofVicePresidentstothepresentdaythathavehadofficesinthebuilding.Gradually,theoriginaltenantsoftheEEOBvacatedthebuildingtheNavyDepartmentleftin1918(exceptfortheSecretarywhostayeduntil1921),followedbytheWarDepartmentin1938,andfinallybytheStateDepartmentin1947.TheWhiteHousebegantomovesomeofitsofficesacrossWestExecutiveAvenuein1939,andin1949thebuildingwasturnedovertotheExecutiveOfficeofthePresidentandrenamedtheExecutiveOfficeBuilding.ThebuildingcontinuestohousevariousagenciesthatcomprisetheExecutiveOfficeofthePresident,suchastheWhiteHouseOffice,theOfficeoftheVicePresident,theOfficeofManagementandBudget,andtheNationalSecurityCouncil.TheFrenchSecondEmpirestyleoriginatedinEurope,whereitfirstappearedduringtherebuildingofParisinthe1850sand60s.BaseduponFrenchRenaissanceprototypes,suchastheLouvrePalace,theSecondEmpirestyleischaracterizedbytheuseofasteepmansardroof,centralandendpavilions,andanelaboratelysculpturedfacade.Itssophisticationappealedtovisitingforeigners,especiallyinEnglandandAmerica,whereasearlyasthelate1850s,architectsbeganadoptingisolatedfeaturesand,eventually,thestyleasacoherentwhole.AlfredMullettsinterpretationoftheFrenchSecondEmpirestylewas,however,particularlyAmericanizedinitslackofanornatesculpturalprogramanditsbold,lineardetails.Whileitwasonlyaprojectonthedraftingtable,thedesignoftheEEOBwassubjecttocontroversy.Whenitwascompletedin1888,theSecondEmpirestylehadfallenfromfavor,andMullettsmasterpiecewasperceivedbycapriciousVictoriansasonlyanembarrassingreminderofpastwhimsinarchitecturalpreference.ThiswasespeciallythecasewiththeEEOB,sincepreviousplansforabuildingonthesamesitehadbeenintheGreekRevivialstyleoftheTreasuryBuilding.In1917,theCommissionofFineArtsrequestedJohnRussellPopetopreparesketchesoftheState,War,andNavybuildingthatincorporatedClassicalfacades.Duringthesameyear,WashingtonarchitectWaddyB.WoodcompletedadrawingdepictingthebuildingremodeledtoresembletheTreasuryBuilding.Thisprojectwasrevivedin1930whenCongressappropriated$3millionforitsconstruction.Woodworkedfor3yearsonthedesigntoremovethegranitewallsandreplacethemwithmarble,buttheprojectwasshelvedduetofinancialburdensimposedbytheGreatDepression.In1957,PresidentEisenhowersAdvisoryCommitteeonPresidentialOfficeSpacerecommendeddemolitionoftheExecutiveOfficeBuildingandconstructionofamodernofficefacility.However,thepublicoutcry,andtheoverwhelmingexpensesassociatedwiththedemolition,savedthebuilding.Thebuildinghasnotbeenwithoutdetractors.IthasbeenreferredtoasMullettsarchitecturalinfantasylumbywriterHenryAdams.PresidentHarryS.Trumancametothedefenseofthebuildingwhenitwasthreatenedbydemolitionin1958.HesaiditwasthegreatestmonstrosityinAmerica.NotedarchitecturalhistorianHenry-RussellHitchcock,howeverdescribeditasperhapsthebestextantexampleinAmericaofthesecondempire.ThebuildingwasdesignatedaNationalHistoricLandmarkin1969.In1972,itwaslistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesandtheDistrictofColumbiaInventoryofHistoricSites.Since1981,theOfficeofAdministrationoftheExecutiveOfficeofthePresidenthasactivelypursuedarigorousprogramofrehabilitationoftheEEOB.TheentirestructurehasbenefitedfromanupgradedmaintenanceprogramthathasalsoincludedrestorationofsomeoftheEEOBsmostspectacularhistoricinteriors.In1988,CongressenactedlegislationtoallowtheOfficeofAdministrationtoacceptgiftsandloansfromthepubliconbehalfoftheEEOBtobeusedforpreservationandrestorationpurposes.PersonsinterestedinfindingoutmoreaboutthepreservationprogramorinmakingacontributionshouldcontactthePreservationOffice.FactsArchitecturalStyle:FrenchSecondEmpireConstructionDates:18711888(17yearstotal)SupervisingArchitects:AlfredMullett(1869-1874),WilliamPotter(1875-1875),OrvilleBabcock(1875-1877),ThomasLincolnCasey(1877-1888)ChiefDesigner:RichardEzdorfTotalCost:$10,038,482.42TotalBuildingArea:662,598GSF(15.21acresor111/2footballfields)NumberofLevels:Basement,Ground,Floors1through5OriginalNumberofRooms:553ExteriorColumns:900OriginalInteriorDoors:1,314OriginalExteriorWindows:1,572BronzeStairBalusters:4,004NumberofSteps:1,784(76lessthantheEmpireStateBuildingwith1,860steps)NumberofStairs:65TotalCorridorLength:9,160-1or1.73miles(2.793kilometers)NumberofOriginalFireplaces:151(83remain)WhiteHouseLogo正确答案顺序是：DEGBA简要解析如下：D选项放在41题：众多选项都出现了EEOB这个简称，不论中文还是英文，都必须先有全称，再给简称。只有D选项出现了全称接下来，首句信息出现时间关系的有四个选项：B: Completedin1875.E: ThehistoryoftheEEOB.F: Constructiontook17years.G: InDecemberof1869四个选项中，E选项显然是一个总起，阐述接下来所有的时间结构，然后顺序应该是G-F-B。结合F选项的位置，可以判断42-44的选项是EGBA选项没有任何时间关系，结合前面的信息，只能放在最后