语法三(时态与语态)(1).ppt

专升本系列语法三专升本系列语法三动词时态动词时态、语态语态第一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。No zuo no dieThe Father and His SonFather: You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he _(be) the best pupil in his class.Tom: Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your age, he_ (be) President of the United States.waswaswaswaswasknow第二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。Who Is the Laziest?Father: Well, Tom, I asked your teacher today, and now I want to ask you a question. Who is the laziest person in your class?Tom: I dont know, Father.Father: Oh, yes, you do! Think! When the other boys and girls are reading and writing, who sits in class and only watches how the other people work?Tom: Our teacher, father.第三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。时态图第四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。【例例1】 Our teacher,Miss Chen,_English on the radio the day before yesterday. A.teaches B.taught C.will teach D.had taught 热身题热身题【例例3】 My mother_the windows already,so the room looks much brighter. A.has cleaned B.had cleaned C.is cleaning D.will clean B【例例2】 Excuse me.Look at the sign NO PHOTOS! Sorry,I_it. A.dont see B.didnt see C.havent seen D.wont see BA 第五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。C 【例例4】 You_to the meeting.Why didnt you go? A.be invited B.will be invited C.were invited D.are invited【例例5】 When will you tell him the good news? I will tell him about it as soon as he_back. A.comes B.came C.will come D.is comingA第六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。.写出下列动词的第三人标单数、现在分词、过去式及过去分词。写出下列动词的第三人标单数、现在分词、过去式及过去分词。 1.open _ 2.bring _ 3.study _ 4.stop _ 5.write _ opensopeningopenedopenedbringsbringingbroughtbroughtstudiesstudyingstudiedstudied stopstoppingstoppedstoppedwriteswritingwrotewritten第七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。 一般现在时一般现在时 动词结构：动词结构：am/is/are, do, does (not)第八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。第九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。重点考查重点考查1.考查其考查其基本概念基本概念：一般现在时表示一个：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年，对等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查一般现在时的考查常用常用过去时态或现在完成时态过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行对考生进行干扰干扰。1) Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _the Pacific, and we met no storm. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called第十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。2.考查一般现在时的考查一般现在时的替代用法替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句时间状语从句，在以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从条件状语从句句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从让步状语从句句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时。 What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on ,since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining第十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。现在进行时现在进行时结构：结构： am/is/are(not) + doing第十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。第十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。！下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时: 表示心理状态、情感的动词, 如like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, need等; 表存在状态的动词, 如appear, exist, lie, remain, seem等; 表示非延续性动作的动词, 如allow, accept, permit等; 表示感官的动词, 如see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。第十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。现在完成时现在完成时结构：结构： has/have + -ed分词分词第十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.1977now！对对现在完成进行时现在完成进行时的考查的考查构成构成: have / has been+ doing概念概念: 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。在，并且还可能继续下去。第十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。现在完成进行时现在完成进行时与与现在完成时现在完成时的区别如下：的区别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成时与现在完成进行时 I have written an article. I have been writing an article. 2.有些延续性动词，如有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.Notes：表表短暂动作的动词短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）等）一般不能用现在完成进行时一般不能用现在完成进行时。强调：已完成性强调：已完成性强调：持续性，强调：持续性，未完成性未完成性第十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比较注意比较 Its time that 结构：结构： It is high time that we went to school.2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 第十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。第十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。第二十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。综合练习综合练习I_(graduate) in 2004 and in that year I _(begin) to teach English in a University. I _(teach) there for three years . Years later ,I _(move) to Pinghu. I_ (teach) senior English in anthoer University for nearly 7 years ever since then.graduatedbeganhad taughtmovedhave taught/have been teaching2004now20077 years3 years第二十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。现在时练习专升本点击：1. - Can I help you, sir? - Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _. A. didnt work B. wont work C. cant workD. doesnt work2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. will playB. have playedC. playedD. playDD说明说明：本题的干扰源为 bought yesterday，虽然是昨天买的，但强调的是现在不响了，所以要用现在时。选项B为次选项。说明说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。第二十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。3. E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playingD. play4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changed D. will change说明说明：E-mail 正在正在日常通讯中起着重要的作用，故需用现在进行时；而 E-mail 是主语，动词应该用单数。说明说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。AA第二十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。5. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. - Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go there! A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I havent C. No, I haveD. No, I havent说明说明：现在完成时用来表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。果和影响。我是几分钟前到的，可现在仍在这儿。一般过去时仅表示过去曾到过这儿，不表示现在还在这儿，所以与本句意思无关。说明说明：从补充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。AD第二十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have painted8. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasnt writtenB. doesnt write C. wont writeD. hadnt write说明说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中当中。强调的是“一直在做”。说明说明：recently 一般都与现在完成时连用；从后句“我们本该收到她的信了”可知，她最近没来过信。CA第二十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。 四、一般过去时和过去进行时四、一般过去时和过去进行时 第二十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。！过去进行时的考点！过去进行时的考点I was walking down the street when it began to rain.When it began to rainI was walkingnow第二十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。典题直击：1. I dont believe youve already finished reading the book I _ it to you this morning!A. would lend B. would lend B. was lendingwas lending C. had lent D. lent2. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she_. A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing第二十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。第二十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。过去完成时态的考查过去完成时态的考查过去完成时，经常过去完成时，经常以以“过去过去”为背景为背景，要想表达比这一，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”，常用此时态。，常用此时态。Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!had sold gotNow过去的过去过去的过去第三十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。把过去完成时放在把过去完成时放在by + 过去时间点过去时间点或或by the time + 从句从句（一般过去时）（一般过去时）的句子里考查。的句子里考查。By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed第三十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。第三十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。2、过去时、过去时专升本点击：专升本点击：1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! A. promisesB. promisedC. will promise D. had promised2. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. A. marriedB. didnt marry C. was not marryingD. would marry说明说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。说明说明：until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。BB第三十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? - Im sorry I _ anything about it. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt sayingB. dont sayC. wont sayD. didnt say说明说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。D第三十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read was fallingB. was reading fell C. was reading was falling D. read fell5. - Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? - I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did说明说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。说明说明：was going to do sth. 表示过去打算做某事；would do 表示过去愿意做某事。从后句可看出家里来了不速之客，所以没有来，故不可能选D。BC第三十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。6. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. cries, has lost 7. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left comesB. left had come C. had left cameD. had left would come说明说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。说明说明：丢钥匙发生在前，等人发生在后；until 引导的是时间状语从句，不能用将来时，所以只有C项可用。BC第三十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。8. He _ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. A. has no sooner gotB. no sooner got C. will no sooner getD. had no sooner got9. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. A. had been, have seenB. have seen, have seen C. had been, had seenD. have been, had seen说明说明：本题的关键词是 than，与 than 搭配的结构只有 sb. had no sooner done than 。说明说明：第一句表示到现在为止认识有八年了，后一句表示在认识之前见过几次面。DD第三十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。第三十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。3、将来时、将来时专升本点击：专升本点击：1. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. A. willB. is toC. is going toD. should2. - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. A. Ill goB. Ive goneC. I goD. Im going说明说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。说明说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。BA第三十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。3. Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. takeD. will have taken4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. A. leavesB. would leave C. leftD. had left说明说明：本句的意思为“我赢得了到 Florida 度假两周的奖励，我打算带我妈妈去。”所以应该考虑用将来时。而现在进行时常可用来表示将来发生的动作，尤其是趋向性的动词。说明说明：that 引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用过去将来时。AB第四十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。！状语从句中的时态问题！状语从句中的时态问题专升本点击：专升本点击：1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. A. getB. will getC. are gettingD. will have got2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. A. have survivedB. are to survive C. would surviveD. will survive说明说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。说明说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但 be to 结构不属于将来时态形式。AB第四十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduatesD. is to graduate4. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. A. will not be, will knowB. is, will know C. will not be, knowD. is, know说明说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。说明说明：before 引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。CC第四十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。！祈使句中的动词问题！祈使句中的动词问题1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When left B. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried3. _ at the door before entering, please. A. knockedB. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To giveDBDB第四十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。特殊几种时态的替代问题特殊几种时态的替代问题A：一般现在时代替将来时：一般现在时代替将来时 ： 除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如： The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。) B：一般现在时代替完成时：一般现在时代替完成时： 句型 “It is since”代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般现在时代替进行时：一般现在时代替进行时： 在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look, here comes Mr. Li. 第四十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 现在进行now, 现在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行this morning, the whole morning, all day, when, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening while 过去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般将来next, tomorrow, in 过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作第四十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。Clean Glass Joe and Fred were helping to build a house in a village. The weather was very warm, there was a lot of dust everywhere, and by half past twelve, they were very thirsty, so they stopped work to have their lunch. They found the nearest small bar, went in and sat down with their sandwiches. Good afternoon, gentlemen. What can I get you? the man behind the bar asked. Joe looked at Fred and said, Beer, I think. Yes, a pint of beer each. Is that all right for you, Fred? Yes, thats all right. Fred said. Then he turned to the man behind the bar and said, And I want it in a clean glass! Dont forget that. The man behind the bar filled the glasses and brought them to Joe and Fred. Then he said. Which of you asked for the clean glass?第四十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。被被 动动 语语 态态第四十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。1被动语态的构成被动语态的构成第四十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。1被动语态的构成被动语态的构成找出时态和语态找出时态和语态第四十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。时态结构示例一般现在时am/is/are过去分词All these things are made by machine.一般过去时was/were过去分词This book was written by Lu Xun.一般将来时will be/is/are going to be过去分词The cars will be sent abroad by sea.现在完成时has/have been 过去分词All the postcards have been sent out.第五十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。2“get过去分词过去分词”构成的被动语态构成的被动语态第五十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。3谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况 1不及物动词和短语：happen, last, take place, break out, come out，come true, run out, give out等用主动形式表示被 动意义。如：The meeting took place in a beautiful city. 会议在一个美丽的城市举行。A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。第五十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。2一些特殊动词： 英语中有很多动词，如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。且该动词通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用。如：This kind of computers sells well. 这种电脑很畅销。3感官动词： 系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受的感官动词，如 feel, sound, taste, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。如：Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。第五十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。提醒使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, find, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时要加to。如：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 被动语态：A stranger was seen to walk into the building.第五十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。真题点击：真题点击：1. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completedB. completes C. has been completed D. is completed2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay说明说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在 before 从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。说明说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。DC第五十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。3. Books of this kind _ well. A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is sold4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. loseB. will be lost C. are lostD. will lose说明说明：sell 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用作“销售情况如何”时，sell 为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。类似的词还有：wash, translate, write 等。说明说明：lose job 为“失业”，job 只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。AB第五十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 五十二分。5. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be builtB. is built C. has been builtD. is being built6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designedD. would be designed说明说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的