高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气.doc

高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气虚拟语气概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2）在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should(would)+动词原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词"be"的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren"tItodo.虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词"be"的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).特殊的虚拟语气词：should1）Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。句型：(1)suggested(2)Itisimportantthat+(should)do(3)apity(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strange(3)apity,ashame,nowonderItissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.判断改错:（错）Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.1-itraintomorrow,wewouldhaveto-thepicnic.Awould;putforwardBshould;calloffCwere;putoffDshould;putup2itishardformetoimaginewhatI()inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaLibraryinmyhometown.Awoulddo;wouldnothavefallenBwouldbedoing;hadnotfallenCwouldhavedone;hadnotfallenDweredoing;wouldnothavefallen3Ipostedtheletteraweekago.Thenthey-theletterbynow.itusuallytakesfourdays.AcanhavereceivedBmustreceiveCshouldreceivedDoughttohavereceived扩展阅读：高中英语语法总结大全-虚拟语气嘉兴英语教学网收集整理欢迎使用高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气虚拟语气1）概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2）在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。第1页共6页嘉兴英语教学网收集整理欢迎使用句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should(would)+动词原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).第2页共6页嘉兴英语教学网收集整理欢迎使用虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词"be"的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren"tItodo.特殊的虚拟语气词：should1）Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。句型：(1)suggestedItis(2)importantthat+(should)do第3页共6页嘉兴英语教学网收集整理欢迎使用(3)apity(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strangeapity,ashame,nowonder(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.判断改错:（错）Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.wish的用法1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：第4页共6页嘉兴英语教学网收集整理欢迎使用从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为were）从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had+过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn"tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。2）Wishtodo表达法。Wishsb/sthtodoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示"只有"；ifonly则表示"如果就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来。Itis(high)timethatItis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.过去时过去完成时真实状况现在时wish后过去时第5页共6页嘉兴英语教学网收集整理欢迎使用need"不必做"和"本不该做"didn"tneedtodo表示：过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。.needn"thavedone表示：过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn"tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn"thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)典型例题Therewasplentyoftime.She_.A.mustn"thavehurriedB.couldn"thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn"thavehurried答案D。needn"thavedone.意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。Mustn"thavedone用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn"thavedone,"不可能已经"。mustnotdo不可以（用于一般现在时）第6页共6页第 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